WIDE-BAND MILLIMETRE WAVE ANTENNA STRUCTURE

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure (100). The antenna structure (100) includes a substrate (102), a radiator (104), a ground plane (108) and a transmission line. The radiator (104) has metamaterial-inspired components (106) to modify radiation pattern of the antenna structure (100), placed on top of the substrate (102). The ground plane (108) is positioned lower on the substrate (102) to realize a wider impedance bandwidth in the range of 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz. The transmission line is coupled to the radiator (104), wherein the transmission line is configured to transmit and receive signal with a resonance frequency of 33.75GHz and 39.5GHz. Advantageously, the special design of the radiating element and optimized geometry ensures efficient impedance matching and low reflection losses.

Specification

Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates, in general to an antenna technology, and more specifically, relates to a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure for wireless communication.

BACKGROUND
[0002] The demand for high-speed wireless communication systems has significantly increased with the advent of 5G and the development of future wireless technologies. Millimeter-wave frequencies, ranging from approximately 30 GHz to 300 GHz, are considered ideal candidates for next-generation communication systems due to their ability to support high data rates, wide bandwidths, and low latency. As such, antennas capable of efficiently operating in the millimeter-wave spectrum are essential for the deployment of 5G and beyond networks.
[0003] However, the design of antennas for millimeter-wave applications poses several challenges. These include achieving wideband performance, maintaining effective impedance matching across the operational frequency range, and ensuring compact and efficient designs suitable for integration into small form-factor devices. In particular, antennas designed for frequencies between 32.21GHz and 40.55GHz, which are commonly used in the millimeter-wave band for 5G, must provide reliable performance in terms of radiation efficiency, low reflection losses, and broad bandwidth.
[0004] Existing solutions in the millimeter-wave frequency range often struggle to balance bandwidth, size, and impedance matching, especially as the demand for compact and high-performance antennas grows. Some antennas use single resonant modes, which limit the bandwidth and performance. Others attempt to broaden the bandwidth but suffer from increased complexity or inefficiencies in power transfer.
[0005] To address these limitations, the present invention provides a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure for wireless communication that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0006] It is a primary object of the present disclosure to provide a wide-band mmWave antenna structure that offers a wider dual-band frequency range of operation within millimetre wave spectra, facilitating improved data transmission rates and overall communication performance.
[0007] It is another object of the present disclosure to optimize the mmWave antenna structure and materials to achieve high gain values, ensuring better signal quality and coverage for the wireless communication system.
[0008] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to enhance the reliability and performance of the communication systems, including 5G and subsequent generations through the proposed wide-band mmWave antenna structure.
[0009] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to create a wide-band mmWave antenna with wide operating bandwidth from 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz, making it ideal for use in 5G and future communication systems.
[0010] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide a wide-band mmWave antenna with radiator having metamaterial-inspired components to modify radiation pattern of the antenna structure.

SUMMARY
[0011] The present disclosure relates, in general to an antenna technology, and more specifically, relates to a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure for wireless communication.
[0012] The primary aspect of the present invention is to design a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure for wireless communication. The antenna structure is designed to operate within the 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz frequency range, suitable for 5G and beyond communication systems. The antenna utilizes a special radiator and an optimized geometry that supports two resonant modes, improving impedance matching across the entire frequency band and ensuring broadband performance. The design incorporates metamaterial-inspired components and a customized feeding mechanism to further enhance bandwidth. Fabricated on an RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2, the antenna has compact dimensions of 6×6×0.5mm³. Both the radiator and the ground plane are precisely engraved onto the substrate, providing a compact, efficient solution for high-frequency applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0013] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG.1A illustrates an exemplary top view of a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG.1B illustrates an exemplary bottom view of a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG.2 illustrates an exemplary graphical representation of the reflection coefficient curve depicting the operational frequency of the proposed antenna, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit, and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0018] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
[0019] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0020] The present disclosure relates, in general to an antenna technology, and more specifically, relates to a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure for wireless communication.
[0021] The proposed antenna supports dual resonant modes, optimized geometry for improved impedance matching, and the integration of metamaterial-inspired components to further enhance bandwidth and efficiency. These features are combined with a customized feeding mechanism to ensure broad operational performance, making the antenna suitable for the high-frequency, high-performance requirements of 5G and beyond communication systems.
[0022] A novel wideband millimeter-wave antenna is designed and analyzed to function in the 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz frequency range for 5G and beyond. Using a special radiating element and optimized geometry, the antenna structure supports two resonant modes and improves impedance matching throughout the band to achieve broadband performance. The antenna provides wider bandwidth by combining metamaterial-inspired components and a customized feeding mechanism. On an RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and an overall dimension of 6×6×0.5mm^3, the radiator and ground plane are engraved.
[0023] FIG.1A illustrates an exemplary top view of a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0024] With reference to FIG. 1A, the antenna structure (100) includes a substrate (102), a radiator (104), a ground plane (108) and a transmission line. The radiator (104) has metamaterial-inspired components (106) to modify radiation pattern of the antenna structure (100), placed on top of the substrate (102). The ground plane (108) is positioned lower on the substrate (102) to realize a wider impedance bandwidth in the range of 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz. The transmission line is coupled to the radiator (104), wherein the transmission line is configured to transmit and receive signal with a resonance frequency of 33.75GHz and 39.5GHz.
[0025] In an embodiment, the substrate (102) pertains to Rogers RT/duroid 5880 material. The substrate (102) has a relative permittivity of 2.2 and dimensions of 6 x 6 x 0.5 mm3. The antenna structure (100) is configured with optimized geometry. The antenna structure (100) supports two resonant modes and improves impedance matching throughout the band to achieve broadband performance. The antenna structure (100) provides wider bandwidth by combining metamaterial-inspired components (106) and a customized feeding mechanism. The customized feeding mechanism is designed to provide optimal energy transfer into the radiator (104) for improved efficiency. The radiator (104) is modified by increasing the conducting material to help realize the impedance bandwidth at the lower frequency side.
[0026] In an embodiment, to function in the 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz range frequencies, a modified radiator and the reduced ground lane are carved on an RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.2 and an overall size of 6×6×0.5mm^3. The radiator modification is performed by including parasitic elements, and the ground plane is lowered to realize a wider impedance bandwidth. An impedance bandwidth of 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz is provided by this configuration, with a resonance frequency of 33.75GHz and 39.5GHz. Further improvement in the impedance bandwidth is obtained by modifying the antenna's radiator, as shown in Figure 1. Modifying the radiator by increasing the conducting material helps realize the impedance bandwidth at the lower frequency side.
[0027] FIG.1B illustrates an exemplary bottom view of a wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0028] An exemplary embodiment of the wideband millimeter-wave antenna is shown and described in detail for operation in the frequency range of 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz, targeting 5G and beyond communication systems. The antenna structure comprises a specially designed radiating element, an optimized geometry, and a customized feeding mechanism, all of which work synergistically to provide broadband performance and effective impedance matching across the target frequency range.
[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna is fabricated on an RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, chosen for its low loss and high-frequency performance. The substrate has a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.5 mm. The total dimension of the antenna is 6 mm by 6 mm in the horizontal plane, providing a compact, efficient solution suitable for integration into small form-factor devices. The ground plane and the radiating element are engraved directly onto the substrate using microfabrication techniques.
[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating element of the antenna is designed with a novel geometry that supports two resonant modes. These two resonant modes enable the antenna to operate efficiently across the 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz frequency range. The geometry of the radiating element is optimized to enhance impedance matching at each mode, ensuring minimal reflection loss and maximizing radiation efficiency across the entire operational bandwidth. The dual-mode operation ensures that the antenna exhibits broadband characteristics while maintaining compactness and high performance.
[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, to further broaden the antenna's bandwidth and improve its overall performance, metamaterial-inspired components are incorporated into the antenna design. These components are strategically placed within the antenna's structure to enhance its electromagnetic properties, such as reducing the resonant frequency overlap and broadening the effective bandwidth. The use of metamaterials allows for better control of the electromagnetic field, which contributes to improved radiation patterns and efficiency across the wide frequency range.
[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, a customized feeding mechanism is integrated into the antenna to ensure efficient power transfer from the source to the radiating element. This feeding mechanism is designed to maintain a consistent impedance match across the frequency band, minimizing power loss and ensuring a high level of signal transmission efficiency. The feeding mechanism may include a microstrip line or another suitable transmission method, configured to provide a well-defined path for signal propagation while preserving the antenna's overall performance.
[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna's geometry and feeding structure are carefully optimized to achieve excellent impedance matching throughout the frequency range of 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz. The dual resonant modes allow the antenna to effectively match the impedance across the entire operational band, thereby minimizing reflection losses and improving the overall efficiency of the antenna. This ensures that the antenna provides a reliable and stable performance for high-speed wireless communication systems, such as those used in 5G and future technologies.
[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna is designed to provide a wide operational bandwidth, covering the frequency range from 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz, with a return loss of greater than 10 dB across the entire band. The antenna exhibits a radiation efficiency of greater than 85%, with a stable radiation pattern that is suitable for both mobile and fixed applications. The compact size of the antenna, with its 6×6×0.5 mm³ dimensions, makes it suitable for integration into small devices such as mobile handsets, small cell base stations, and other compact 5G infrastructure.
[0035] FIG.2 illustrates an exemplary graphical representation of the reflection coefficient curve depicting the operational frequency of the proposed antenna, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0036] The simulated operation frequency of the proposed antenna is presented in FIG. 2. The main idea of the invention is that an increased impedance bandwidth between 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz range is provided by the antenna's modified radiator structure with the lower ground plane.
[0037] A mmWave antenna design that operates between 32.2GHz to 40.55GHz may provide a number of improvements over earlier models, resolving typical issues with size, manufacturability, bandwidth, and efficiency. The advantages include but not limited to Enhanced bandwidth, Improved impedance matching, compact and light weight, compatibility with 5G and beyond.
[0038] The limited operational bandwidths of several mmWave antennas restrict their use in a variety of communication channels. By using multi-resonant structures and maybe metamaterials or special geometries to produce a broad bandwidth, the proposed antenna design solves this issue and allows for smooth operation throughout the frequency of 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz. The proposed wideband mmWave antenna design is compact (6×6×0.5mm^3). 3. Due to inadequate impedance matching, conventional mmWave antennas frequently experience substantial return loss. The proposed design improves signal quality and power transfer efficiency by minimizing reflection throughout the operational frequency. Electromagnetic simulation software models and optimizes the mmWave antenna design and ensures the operating bandwidth from 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz range.
[0039] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are comprised to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.
, Claims:1. A wide-band millimetre wave antenna structure (100), comprising:
a substrate (102);
a radiator (104) having metamaterial-inspired components (106) to modify radiation pattern of the antenna structure (100), placed on top of the substrate (102);
a ground plane (108) positioned lower on the substrate (102) to realize a wider impedance bandwidth in the range of 32.21GHz to 40.55GHz; and
a transmission line coupled to the radiator (104), wherein the transmission line is configured to transmit and receive signal with a resonance frequency of 33.75GHz and 39.5GHz.

2. The antenna structure (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate (102) pertains to Rogers RT/duroid 5880 material.

3. The antenna structure (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate (102) has a relative permittivity of 2.2 and dimensions of 6 x 6 x 0.5 mm3.

4. The antenna structure (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna structure (100) is configured with optimized geometry.

5. The antenna structure (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna structure (100) supports two resonant modes and improves impedance matching throughout the band to achieve broadband performance.

6. The antenna structure (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna structure (100) provides wider bandwidth by combining metamaterial-inspired components (106) and a customized feeding mechanism.

7. The antenna structure (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the customized feeding mechanism is designed to provide optimal energy transfer into the radiator (104) for improved efficiency.

8. The antenna structure (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radiator (104) is modified by increasing the conducting material to help realize the impedance bandwidth at the lower frequency side.

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