TWO-WHEELED ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH ADAPTIVE SAFETY CONTROL BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS

Abstract

ABSTRACT A two-wheeled electric vehicle (102), comprising, a rain sensor (108), a tilt sensor (106), and a microcontroller (104) configured to control motion of the two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) differently in an elevated road level, a horizontal road level, or a slope road level from a same user input of acceleration at the two-wheeled electric vehicle (102), based on a combination of sensing results from the rain sensor (108) and the tilt sensor (106). FIG. 1

Specification

Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The present disclosure relates to a field of electric vehicles. Moreover, the present disclosure relates to a two-wheeled electric vehicle with adaptive safety control based on environmental and operational conditions.
BACKGROUND
[002] In recent years, electric vehicles, particularly two-wheeled electric vehicles, have become increasingly popular due to their environmental benefits and reduced operating costs. Moreover, such electric vehicles are often preferred for short to medium-range commutes as they offer eco-friendly alternatives to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. However, the two-wheeled electric vehicles often face challenges in terms of safety and operational efficiency, especially when used in diverse environmental and road conditions.
[003] Conventional two-wheeled electric vehicles rely on basic control mechanisms that require manual intervention by a rider in order to adjust speed, throttle response, and braking force that becomes challenging in scenarios where road conditions change rapidly, such as during rainfall, steep inclines, or slippery surfaces, and the like. The riders have to manually adjust the speed and braking force, which is applied on the two-wheeled electric vehicle that can be difficult to gauge accurately, especially for less experienced riders and in sudden changing environmental conditions, such as unexpected rainfall, landslide, and the like. Moreover, such sudden change in environmental conditions increases the risk of accidents due to poor traction or inappropriate vehicle settings. Additionally, the management of the power consumption by the two-wheeled electric vehicle is also challenging due to limited battery capacity, and improper power management that can result in quicker depletion of a battery thereby, reducing the overall range of the two-wheeled electric vehicle. Thus, there exists a technical problem of how to control the two-wheeled electric vehicle in varying environmental and operational conditions while maintaining the optimized battery management while maintaining the rider's stability and safety.
[004] Therefore, in light of the foregoing discussion, there exists a need to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks associated with the conventional two-wheeled electric vehicle with adaptive safety control based on environmental and operational conditions.
SUMMARY
[005] The present disclosure provides a two-wheeled electric vehicle with adaptive safety control based on environmental and operational conditions. The present disclosure provides a solution to a technical problem of how to control the two-wheeled electric vehicle in varying environmental and operational conditions while maintaining the optimized battery management while maintaining the rider's stability and safety. An aim of the present disclosure is to provide a solution that overcomes at least partially the problems encountered in the prior art and provides an improved two-wheeled electric vehicle.
[006] One or more objectives of the present disclosure is achieved by the solutions provided in the enclosed independent claims. Advantageous implementations of the present disclosure are further defined in the dependent claims.
[007] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a two-wheeled electric vehicle, comprising a rain sensor, a tilt sensor and a microcontroller configured to control motion of the two-wheeled electric vehicle differently in an elevated road level, a horizontal road level, or a slope road level from a same user input of acceleration at the two-wheeled electric vehicle, based on a combination of sensing results from the rain sensor and the tilt sensor.
[008] Advantageously, the microcontroller of the two-wheeled electric vehicle is configured to provide a real-time adjustment to various riding conditions, enhancing safety, performance, and energy efficiency without requiring manual input from the rider. By continuously monitoring ambient conditions, gradient changes, battery state, and vehicle speed, the microcontroller is configured to ensures that the two-wheeled electric vehicle operates in the most suitable mode for the situation that also improves traction and stability on slopes, reduces power consumption during low battery conditions, and limits speed in wet or hazardous conditions. The automated mode switching ultimately optimizes the overall performance of the two-wheeled electric vehicle, conserves energy, and minimizes the risk of accidents, providing a seamless and safer riding experience.
[009] It is to be appreciated that all the aforementioned implementation forms can be combined. All steps which are performed by the various entities described in the present application as well as the functionalities described to be performed by the various entities are intended to mean that the respective entity is adapted to or configured to perform the respective steps and functionalities. It will be appreciated that features of the present disclosure are susceptible to being combined in various combinations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[010] Additional aspects, advantages, features, and objects of the present disclosure would be made apparent from the drawings and the detailed description of the illustrative implementations construed in conjunction with the appended claims that follow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[011] The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those skilled in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers.
[012] Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram that depicts a two-wheeled electric vehicle with adaptive safety control based on environmental and operational conditions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram that depicts a diagram of a two-wheeled electric vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
FIG. 3 is a diagram that depicts a diagram that depicts a flowchart representing operations performed by the two-wheeled electric vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[013] In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[014] The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognize that other embodiments for carrying out or practising the present disclosure are also possible.
[015] FIG. 1 is a block diagram that depicts a two-wheeled electric vehicle with adaptive safety control based on environmental and operational conditions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 1, there is shown the block diagram 100 of a two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 that includes a microcontroller 104, a tilt sensor 106, a rain sensor 108, an emergency stop lamp 110, an emergency audio warning system 112, a wheel speed sensor 114, and a battery 116.
[016] The microcontroller 104 is configured to control motion of the two-wheeled electric vehicle differently in different levels of road, such as elevated road, slope road, and horizontal road level. Examples of the microcontroller 104 may include but are not limited to, a processor, a co-processor, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) processor, a reduced instruction set (RISC) processor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a state machine, a data processing unit, and other processors or circuits. Moreover, the microcontroller 104 may refer to one or more individual controllers, processing devices, or a processing unit that is part of the two-wheeled electric vehicle.
[017] In operation, the microcontroller is configured to control motion of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 differently in an elevated road level, a horizontal road level, or a slope road level from a same user input of acceleration at the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102, based on a combination of sensing results from the rain sensor 108 and the tilt sensor 106. In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to receive the data from the tilt sensor 106 and the rain sensor 108. Moreover, the tilt sensor 106 is configured to detect the inclination or the tilt relative to a horizontal plane of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102, enabling the microcontroller 104 to determine whether the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 is on an incline, decline, or level surface. Similarly, the rain sensor 108 is configured to detect the presence and intensity of water droplets on a surface or in the surrounding environment in order to allow the microcontroller 104 to control the motion of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102. Additionally, by providing data of the tilt angle, the tilt sensor 106 allows the microcontroller 104 to adjust the motor power, braking, and stability control based on the road gradient.
[018] In an implementation, the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 implements a larger wheel diameter design that enhances stability and safety. The bigger wheel configuration provides improved ground clearance and better obstacle management capability. Additionally, the larger contact patch enhances the effectiveness of the traction control system by providing better road grip and stability. The wheel size is optimized to work in conjunction with the tilt sensor 106 and rain sensor 108 to provide enhanced stability during various road conditions and gradients.
[019] In another implementation, the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 includes a horn system mounted on the front trunk (frunk) area, integrated with the emergency audio warning system 112. The strategic mounting location ensures optimal sound propagation while protecting the horn assembly from environmental elements. The horn system is configured to operate at different intensity levels based on the selected mode and emergency conditions, providing appropriate audible warnings while maintaining compliance with noise regulations.
[020] In an implementation, if the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 is moving on an elevated road or an elevated slope, then, in that case, the microcontroller 104 is configured to limit the speed of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 along with the throttle response to prevent over-acceleration, which could destabilize the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102. In another implementation, if the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 is moving on the horizontal road, then, in that case, the microcontroller 104 is configured to control the throttle to allow maximize performance. Moreover, such adjustments in the speed and throttle response enables the microcontroller 104 to ensure smooth and stable ride without requiring any manual intervention by the rider.
[021] In accordance with an embodiment, the microcontroller 104 is configured to implement a family mode, an economy mode, and a power mode. In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to utilize the data received from the rain sensor 108 and the tilt sensor 106 in order to adjust vehicle parameters according to the selected mode. Moreover, each mode has predefined settings for throttle response, motor current limits, and braking dynamics. For example, if the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 is operating in the family mode, then, in that case, the throttle and the speed of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 is reduced and if the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 is in economy mode, then, in that case, the energy usage is optimized by reducing peak power output and enhancing regenerative braking. Similarly, when the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 is operating in the power mode, then, in that case, the throttle response and the motor torque is increased thereby, allowing maximum acceleration and performance of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102. As a result, the microcontroller 104 is configured to adjust various parameters in real-time based on the sensor data (i.e., the data received from the tilt sensor 106 and the rain sensor 108) in order to ensure that the chosen mode operates effectively within the current environmental and operational conditions.
[022] In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 implements smooth mode transitions through a graduated power delivery adjustment algorithm. When switching between modes, the microcontroller 104 is configured to gradually adjust current supply parameters over a predetermined time period, maintain vehicle stability during transition, and provide audio-visual feedback through the cluster display to confirm mode changes that prevents sudden vehicle behaviour changes that could destabilize the vehicle during mode transitions.
[023] In accordance with an embodiment, in response to detection of rain by the rain sensor 108, the microcontroller 104 is configured to automatically switch to the family mode regardless of a previously selected mode for enhanced safety. By activating the family mode, the microcontroller 104 is configured to enhance rider 118 safety in potentially hazardous conditions, regardless of any previously selected mode. Riding on wet roads presents increased risks, such as reduced traction and longer stopping distances. Moreover, the rider 118 may not always react quickly enough to changing weather and switching modes manually while riding in such conditions can be distracting and potentially unsafe. In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to monitor the input from the rain sensor 108 continuously and when moisture is detected, the microcontroller 104 overrides any other mode settings and engages family mode so that the throttle sensitivity can be reduced, speed can be limited, and braking becomes more responsive to prevent skidding. However, the microcontroller 104 is configured to maintain these parameters as long as rain is detected and further automatically reverts to the user's previously selected mode when the condition is improved (i.e., the rain stops). Therefore, the automatic mode switching ensures an efficient and reliable performance of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 while prioritizing control and safety without requiring intervention from the rider 118.
[024] In accordance with an embodiment, the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 includes an emergency stop lamp 110 and an emergency audio warning system 112 and the microcontroller 104 is configured to activate both the emergency stop lamp 110 and the emergency audio warning system 112 in one of the conditions that includes when the tilt sensor 106 detects a tilt angle exceeding a first predetermined threshold during braking in the family mode or when the tilt sensor 106 detects the tilt angle exceeding a second predetermined threshold during braking in rainy conditions irrespective of any selected mode. In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to monitor the tilt angle via the tilt sensor 106. Moreover, if the tilt sensor 106 detects that the tilt angle exceeds a first predetermined threshold that indicates an unusual tilt that could precede a fall or skid, then, in that case, the microcontroller 104 is configured to activate both the emergency stop lamp 110 and the emergency audio warning system 112. Similarly, in rainy conditions, a slight lower threshold triggers the safety alerts to account for the increased risk of skidding on wet surfaces. Additionally, these emergency signals provides a clear visual and auditory alerts thereby, improving the rider's visibility to other road users and assisting in accident prevention. As a result, by automatically triggering emergency lights and sounds when a high tilt angle is detected during braking, the microcontroller 104 is configured to enhance the safety of the rider 118 while ensuring that other road users are immediately notified of a potential emergency stop.
[025] In accordance with an embodiment, the microcontroller 104 is configured to implement traction control by comparing wheel speed data with vehicle speed and the microcontroller 104 is configured to collect the wheel speed data from a wheel speed sensor 114, adjust the traction control parameters based on combined inputs from the rain sensor 108 and tilt sensor 106 and reduce power supply to the wheel when slip is detected. In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to monitor the data received from the wheel speed sensor 114 and further compares the same with the overall speed of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102. Moreover, when any discrepancy indicating wheel slip is detected, then, in that case, the microcontroller 104 is configured to evaluate the combined data from the rain sensor 108 and the tilt sensor 106 to gauge the current environmental and terrain conditions in order to adjust the traction control parameters and also reduces the power supply to the slipping wheel as per the requirement. Additionally, such reduction in power minimizes the likelihood of further slippage and allows the wheel to regain grip thereby, maintaining the overall stability of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102. As a result, by controlling the traction for the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102, the microcontroller 104 is configured to minimize the risk of wheel slip that helps to prevent accidents due to slipping thereby, the overall enhancing safety of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102.
[026] In accordance with an embodiment, the microcontroller 104 is configured to measure rate of tilt change using the tilt sensor 106, detect rapid changes in road gradient, and automatically adjust motor current supply to maintain stable vehicle speed during transition between different road levels. In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to detect rapid shifts in the road's gradient and when the gradient change is detected, then, in that case, the microcontroller 104 is configured to adjust the current supplied to the motor based on the degree of inclination or declination, thereby modulating power output to maintain a steady speed. For example, as the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 ascends a steep incline, the microcontroller 104 may increase the electric motor current to sustain speed, while on a decline, the microcontroller 104 may reduce the power output in order to avoid accelerating beyond safe limits. As a result, the microcontroller 104 is configured to provide a seamless control with stable riding experience while reducing the requirement for the rider 118 to compensate with throttle or braking inputs.
[027] In accordance with an embodiment, the microcontroller 104 is configured to automatically control the current supply modulation for upgradient conditions and for downgradient conditions, maintain the position of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 on slopes, and provide cruise control to maintain constant speed on varying gradients. In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to adjust the current supplied to the electric motor in real time based on the tilt data received from the tilt sensor 106 thereby, modulating the power output according to the gradient. For example, on upgradient, the microcontroller 104 is configured to increase the motor power to allow the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 to maintain the speed and while on downgradient, the microcontroller 104 is configured to reduce the power supply in order to control the speed of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102. Moreover, the slope-hold function of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 allows the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 to remain stationary on inclines without rolling backward. Similarly, for cruise control, the microcontroller 104 is configured to automatically adapts motor output to keep a constant speed, regardless of the terrain changes that enables the rider 118 to enjoy a steady, controlled ride without manually adjusting throttle for different slopes. As a result, the microcontroller 104 is configured to enhance the safety of the rider 118, such as, by preventing the sudden speed changes and securing the slopes of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102, thereby reducing rollbacks. Additionally, the microcontroller 104 is configured to improve the ride comfort by maintaining a constant speed across gradients, reduces the rider fatigue, optimizes energy use to conserve battery life, and enhances overall ride control with cruise control on hilly terrain, ensuring a stable and consistent experience.
[028] In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to detect the side stand position through a dedicated sensor and implement corresponding safety measures. When the side stand is deployed, the microcontroller 104 generates warning signals on the cluster display and prevents vehicle acceleration. The warning system includes visual indicators on the cluster display and audio alerts through the emergency audio warning system 112. Additionally, the microcontroller 104 maintains the warning state until the side stand is properly retracted, ensuring rider safety by preventing accidental vehicle operation with deployed side stand.
[029] In another implementation, the microcontroller 104 implements a comprehensive mobile application integration system for enhanced safety monitoring. The user interface enables real-time communication of the status of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102, including helmet detection warnings, side stand position, and mode selections. The microcontroller 104 establishes secure communication channels with the mobile application to transmit warning signals, vehicle status updates, and safety alerts. The user interface provides users with customizable alert preferences while maintaining critical safety notifications that cannot be disabled. This integration enhances the overall safety monitoring capabilities by extending warning systems beyond the vehicle's physical interface to the rider's mobile device.
[030] In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to implement three distinct cluster display sub-modes for optimal visibility across varying conditions. In day sub-mode operation, the microcontroller 104 sets maximum display brightness and high contrast ratios to ensure clear visibility in bright sunlight. The display elements are configured with darker backgrounds and bright foreground elements to maximize readability. Moreover, during night sub-mode operation, the microcontroller 104 automatically reduces display brightness to prevent glare while maintaining readability. The interface switches to darker themes with optimized contrast ratios to prevent rider distraction. The microcontroller 104 implements gradual brightness transitions to prevent sudden changes that could affect night vision. Additionally, in rain sub-mode operation, the microcontroller 104 adjusts both brightness and contrast parameters to counter the effects of water droplets and reduced ambient light. The display elements are enhanced with increased contrast and modified colour schemes to ensure critical information remains visible in adverse weather conditions. Additionally, the microcontroller 104 activates enhanced backlighting patterns to compensate for light diffraction caused by water droplets.
[031] In accordance with an embodiment, the microcontroller 104 is configured to detect presence of helmets through image processing module, generate and display warning signals on a cluster display of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 when helmet absence is detected and communicate the warning signals to a user via user interface. The microcontroller 104 is configured to utilize with an image processing module that is configured to receive the data received by the image capturing device arranged on the cluster of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 in order to analyze the rider's head area. Moreover, if the image processing module detects a helmet, then, in that case, no action is taken and if no helmet is detected, then, in that case, the microcontroller 104 is configured to generate a warning signal that appears on the cluster display of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 and also communicates the alert via the user interface, which could include a visual or audio notification on a connected user device. In an example, the connected user device may include a smart phone, a tablet or a laptop. Therefore, by automatically detecting helmet presence and issuing warnings, the microcontroller 104 is configured to ensure safety of the rider by reinforcing the helmet utilization without requiring external enforcement.
[032] The microcontroller 104 implements three distinct lamp sub-modes optimized for different riding environments. In city sub-mode operation, the microcontroller 104 configures the lamps for optimal visibility in urban environments, implementing moderate beam spread for enhanced peripheral visibility, automatic intensity adjustment based on ambient light conditions, and optimized power consumption for frequent start-stop situations. During highway sub- mode operation, the microcontroller 104 modifies lamp parameters for high-speed conditions by increasing beam intensity and focus for longer distance visibility, implementing automatic high-beam control based on oncoming traffic detection, and adjusting beam patterns for enhanced forward visibility at higher speeds. The microcontroller 104 maintains these parameters while continuously monitoring vehicle speed to ensure appropriate illumination.
[033] Furthermore, in rural/fog sub-mode operation, the microcontroller 104 implements specialized lighting patterns designed for low-visibility conditions. The lamp control system adjusts to wider beam spread for enhanced peripheral visibility, reduced intensity with specialized diffusion patterns to minimize light reflection from fog or dust, and automatic activation of auxiliary fog lamps when conditions require. The microcontroller 104 continuously monitors ambient conditions through various sensors to automatically switch between lamp modes, ensuring optimal visibility while preventing glare for oncoming traffic.
[034] In accordance with an embodiment, in economy mode operation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to automatically limit maximum motor current supply to a first predetermined threshold, adjust regenerative braking parameters to maximize energy recovery, and limits the speed limitation based on remaining battery capacity. In economy mode, the microcontroller 104 is configured to restricts the motor's current supply to a preset limit and reduce the power drawn to conserve energy. Moreover, the microcontroller 104 is configured to adjust the regenerative braking settings of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 and allowing the same to recover and store energy during braking. Additionally, the microcontroller 104 is configured to monitor the remaining battery capacity and, as the battery level decreases, the microcontroller 104 gradually limits the maximum speed in order to extend the two-wheeled electric vehicle's operating range. Therefore, by optimizing the energy utilization through controlled power output, regenerative braking, and speed management, economy mode helps the rider 118 to extend the travel distance without frequent recharges, making it useful in situations with lower battery capacity, thereby optimizing the performance of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 for long-distance travel, particularly valuable for riders focused on energy conservation and sustainable use.
[035] In accordance with an embodiment, in power mode operation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to modify throttle response mapping, maximize torque availability at user input and automatically switch mode from power mode to economy mode when battery level falls below predetermined threshold. In power mode, the microcontroller 104 is configured to modify the throttle mapping to make the response of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 more immediate, allowing for quicker acceleration and greater rider control over output. The microcontroller 104 is configured to simultaneously increase the torque availability to match user input of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 thereby, improving the power output for demanding riding conditions. When the battery reaches a predetermined low threshold, the microcontroller 104 is configured to automatically switch from power mode to economy mode, thereby reducing power consumption through current supply limits, regenerative braking, and speed constraints. As a result, by maximizing the torque and optimizing throttle response when battery levels are sufficient, the microcontroller 104 is configured to deliver peak performance without sacrificing range when the battery is low. Additionally, the automatic transition to economy mode also allows the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 to conserve energy, extending travel time and reducing the risk of battery depletion.
[036] In accordance with an embodiment, the microcontroller 104 is configured to automatically switch modes based on any of the at least one: ambient conditions detected by rain sensor 108, road gradient detected by tilt sensor 106, current battery state of charge, and vehicle speed. In an implementation, the microcontroller 104 is configured to monitor the data received from the rain sensor 108, tilt sensor 106, battery state, and the wheel speed sensor 114. When a specific ambient condition (like rain) is detected, then, in that case, the microcontroller 104 is configured to switch to a safer riding mode automatically. Similarly, if the tilt sensor 106 indicates a steep gradient, the microcontroller 104 is configured to change the mode to one that enhances traction and control. Additionally, if the battery level drops below a certain threshold or the vehicle speed exceeds a predefined limit, the microcontroller 104 is configured to switch to a mode that conserves energy or optimizes performance for the current speed. As a result, the microcontroller 104 is configured to ensure that the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 adapts to the rider's needs and the environment without requiring manual intervention.
[037] Advantageously, the microcontroller 104 of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 is configured to provide a real-time adjustment to various riding conditions, enhancing safety, performance, and energy efficiency without requiring manual input from the rider. By continuously monitoring ambient conditions, gradient changes, battery state, and vehicle speed, the microcontroller 104 is configured to ensures that the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 operates in the most suitable mode for the situation that also improves traction and stability on slopes, reduces power consumption during low battery conditions, and limits speed in wet or hazardous conditions. The automated mode switching ultimately optimizes the overall performance of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102, conserves energy, and minimizes the risk of accidents, providing a seamless and safer riding experience.
[038] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a side view of a two-wheeler electric vehicle, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 2, there is shown a two-wheeler electric vehicle 200 designed for urban transportation. The two-wheeler electric vehicle includes a chassis 202, ground engaging members 204, a battery system comprising battery pack 208 and carrier 210, a seat 212, a backrest 214, handlebars 216, and a front storage compartment (frunk) 218, which houses various sensors and control systems for implementing the adaptive safety control features.
[039] The chassis 202 serves as a primary structural framework, forming a backbone of the two-wheeler electric vehicle 200 and extending from front to rear. The chassis 202 incorporates mounting points for the rain sensor 108 and tilt sensor 106 that enable the microcontroller 104 to detect environmental conditions and road gradients for adaptive motion control. The ground engaging members 204, featuring an enhanced larger diameter design as detailed in FIG. 1, are mounted to the chassis 202 by a suspension system. Moreover, the configuration of the wheel provides an improved traction control effectiveness and better stability during various road conditions. The wheel speed sensor is integrated with the ground engaging members 204 to enable the microcontroller's traction control system as detailed in FIG. 1. The front storage compartment 218 incorporates a cluster gauge 220 featuring day, night, and rain sub-modes for optimal visibility, along with integrated warning displays for helmet detection and side stand position. The cluster also indicates the current operating mode of the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102. The headlamp system 228 implements three distinct sub-modes for different riding environments, city sub-mode optimized for urban environments, highway sub-mode for high-speed conditions, and rural/fog sub-mode designed for low-visibility conditions. An image capturing device (not shown) is integrated within the cluster area for helmet detection through the image processing module. The rain sensor 108 enables automatic switching to family mode during wet conditions, while the tilt sensor 106 is mounted to detect road gradients and enable features such as gradient-based motion control, emergency response activation, and cruise control and hill assist functions. The battery system powers the electric powertrain and includes sophisticated monitoring systems that enable mode-specific power management, automatic switching between power and economy modes based on charge levels, and regenerative braking optimization. The side stand sensor is integrated with the chassis 202 to implement the safety features, preventing vehicle operation when the stand is deployed. The microcontroller 104 is housed within the front storage compartment 218, serves as the central processing unit that manages all sensor inputs and implements the various control modes and safety features that includes adaptive motion control, multiple riding modes, comprehensive safety features, display and lighting controls, and the user interface in order to create a cohesive system that enhances the safety of the rider 118 while optimizing vehicle performance across various operating conditions.
[040] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of operations for controlling a two-wheeled electric vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is to be understood in conjunction with the elements illustrated in FIGs. 1, and 2. With reference to FIG. 3, there is shown a flowchart 300 of the operations for controlling a two-wheeled electric vehicle.
[041] In an implementation scenario, the microcontroller 104 initiates the process at operation 302 with vehicle start, immediately proceeding to operation 304 where sensor inputs are initialized and establishes four parallel monitoring channels through operations 306, 308, 310, and 312, each dedicated to specific sensor inputs critical for vehicle safety and performance management. The rain sensor 108 monitoring at operation 306 utilizes calibrated sensitivity thresholds to detect water droplets, while the tilt sensor monitoring at operation 308 employs precision gyroscopic measurements for gradient detection. Simultaneously, the wheel speed sensor at operation 310 monitors rotational velocity with millisecond precision, and the image processing module at operation 312 analyzes real-time visual data for helmet detection. From the rain detection operation 314, the microcontroller 104 evaluates moisture levels against predetermined thresholds (e.g., 0.5mm/hour to 50mm/hour range). When rain is detected, operation 316 implements upgradient control by modulating motor current (e.g., between 20% to 60% of maximum capacity) based on conditions. The tilt sensor 106 evaluation at operation 318 processes gradient angles to determine appropriate control responses. For downgradient control at operation 320, the microcontroller 104 implements regenerative braking (e.g., with 0.2g to 0.5g deceleration) rates. Moreover, the normal control at operation 322 maintains standard operating parameters, while exceeding threshold values (>15° tilt) triggers enhanced safety protocols. The traction control operation 326 continuously compares wheel speed differentials with vehicle speed. Upon slip detection at operation 328, the microcontroller 104 implements power supply reduction in 100ms increments until traction is restored. The helmet detection operation 330 utilizes machine learning algorithms (e.g., processing at 30 frames per second), triggering operation 332 for immediate warning display and user alerts when helmet absence is detected. Mode selection at operation 324 branches into three sophisticated control schemes. The power mode (e.g., at operation 334) enables enhanced performance parameters including aggressive throttle mapping (operation 336) with increased response sensitivity, torque control (e.g., at operation 338) allowing up to of maximum motor output, and cruise control (e.g., at operation 340) maintaining speed and the family Mode (e.g., at operation 342) activates conservative control parameters including gradient control (e.g., at operation 344) with gentle acceleration ramps. Further, the economy mode (e.g., at operation 346) optimizes energy consumption through current limit control (operation 348) restricting peak current to maximum, regenerative braking (operation 350) recovering of the kinetic energy, and speed limitation (e.g., at operation 352) capping velocity at predetermined efficiency-optimized thresholds. Additionally, the emergency response operation 354 integrates multiple safety systems, activating emergency lamp control (e.g., at operation 356) with strobe patterns and emergency warning (e.g., at operation 358) generating audible alerts. The battery level monitoring operation 360 continuously evaluates charge state, automatically transitioning from Power Mode to Economy Mode when charge drops below a predefined threshold (e.g., 25%). As a result, the two-wheeled electric vehicle 102 is configured to prioritize safety while optimizing performance.
[042] Modifications to embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as "including", "comprising", "incorporating", "have", "is" used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance or illustration". Any embodiment described as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments and/or to exclude the incorporation of features from other embodiments. The word "optionally" is used herein to mean "is provided in some embodiments and not provided in other embodiments". It is appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable combination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the disclosure. , Claims:CLAIMS

I/We Claim:
1. A two-wheeled electric vehicle (102), comprising:
a rain sensor (108);
a tilt sensor (106); and
a microcontroller (104) configured to:
control motion of the two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) differently in an elevated road level, a horizontal road level, or a slope road level from a same user input of acceleration at the two-wheeled electric vehicle (102), based on a combination of sensing results from the rain sensor (108) and the tilt sensor (106).
2. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (104) is configured to implement a family mode, an economy mode, and a power mode.
3. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) as claimed in claim 2, wherein in response to detection of rain by the rain sensor (108), the microcontroller (104) is configured to automatically switch to the family mode regardless of a previously selected mode for enhanced safety.
4. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) as claimed in claim 2, comprises an emergency stop lamp (110) and an emergency audio warning system (112), wherein the microcontroller (104) is configured to activate both the emergency stop lamp and the emergency audio warning system (112) in one of the following conditions: when the tilt sensor (106) detects a tilt angle exceeding a first predetermined threshold during braking in the family mode or when the tilt sensor detects the tilt angle exceeding a second predetermined threshold during braking in rainy conditions irrespective of any selected mode.

5. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (104) is configured to:
implement traction control by comparing wheel speed data with vehicle speed; wherein the microcontroller (104) is configured to collect the wheel speed data from a wheel speed sensor (114);
adjust the traction control parameters based on combined inputs from the rain sensor (108) and tilt sensor (106); and
reduce power supply to the wheel when slip is detected.
6. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (104) is configured to:
measure rate of tilt change using the tilt sensor (106);
detect rapid changes in road gradient; and
automatically adjust motor current supply to maintain stable vehicle speed during transition between different road levels.
7. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the microcontroller (104) is configured to:
automatically control the current supply modulation for upgradient conditions and for downgradient conditions;
maintain the position of the two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) on slopes; and
provide cruise control to maintain constant speed on varying gradients.

8. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) of claim 2, wherein the microcontroller (104) is configured to:
detect presence of helmets through image processing module;
generate and display warning signals on a cluster display of the two-wheeled electric vehicle when helmet absence is detected; and
communicate the warning signals to a user via user interface.
9. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) of claim 2, wherein in economy mode operation, the microcontroller (104) is configured to:
automatically limit maximum motor current supply to a first predetermined threshold;
adjust regenerative braking parameters to maximize energy recovery; and
limits the speed limitation based on remaining battery capacity.
10. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) of claim 2, wherein in power mode operation, the microcontroller (104) is configured to:
modify throttle response mapping;
maximize torque availability at user input; and
automatically switch mode from power mode to economy mode when battery level falls below predetermined threshold.
11. The two-wheeled electric vehicle (102) of claim 2, wherein the microcontroller (104) is configured to automatically switch modes based on any of the at least one: ambient conditions detected by rain sensor (108), road gradient detected by tilt sensor (106), current battery state of charge, and vehicle speed.

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