TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR (TENG) DEVICE FOR LOGIC GATE SIMULATION AND POWER PLANT CONTROL

Abstract

A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device for logic gate simulation and power plant control is provided. The TENG device includes a sponge substrate 102. The sponge substrate 102 functionalized with MIL-53 104 metal-organic framework (MOF). The MIL-53 functionalization enhances surface charge density and charge trapping of the device. The device is configured to operate in an internal mode where inner pores of the sponge substrate are squeezed and an external mode where an additional material forms triboelectric contact for generating an electrical output. The substrate sponge 102 with MIL-53 104 acts as a triboelectric layer to induce voltage generation through contact electrification and electrostatic induction and to generate an improved electrical output. The generated electrical output is utilized for implementing logic gate operations and simulating power plant control, thereby providing stability, and integration in industrial control systems. FIG. 1

Specification

Description:BACKGROUND
Technical Field
[0001] The embodiments herein generally relate to triboelectric nanogenerator, more particularly to a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device for logic gate simulation and power plant control.
Description of the Related Art
[0002] Data logging and power plant control are typically complex and expensive processes that require simplification. One effective approach is to use a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as an input device to trigger various events within power plants. Traditional PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems rely on ladder logic, which involves a combination of different gate operations.
[0003] There have been various efforts to advance metal-organic framework (MOF) applications in areas such as catalysis and adsorption, but significantly fewer in energy harvesting. While researchers have made notable progress in MOF-based adsorption, catalysis, and gas storage, energy harvesting remains underexplored. For instance, an existing system, Xiaoyu et al., utilized NH2-MIL-53/UiO-66-NH2 catalysts for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2, while another existing system, Dubovoy et al., applied naringin-loaded MIL-101 for oral care compositions. Yet another Schroder et al. developed a continuous process flow for supplying metal and organic ligands in MOF synthesis. However, MIL-53 has not yet been used in triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) applications.
[0004] MIL-88A, a biodegradable MOF, has been used for TENG-based energy harvesting, and MIL-101, functionalized with amine and nitrile groups, has achieved a maximum power output of 10.125 µW. The previous research has used PDMS sponges for flexible TENGs with carbon nanotubes.
[0005] An existing system discloses NH₂-MIL-53/UiO-66-NH₂ catalyst specifically designed for the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂. This work highlights the use of MOF-based materials for environmental remediation, particularly targeting CO₂ emissions by converting the gas into less harmful compounds through photocatalysis. The incorporation of NH₂ functional groups in MIL-53/UiO-66 enhances the catalyst's ability to absorb light and interact with CO₂ molecules, showcasing its potential in green chemistry applications.
[0006] Another existing system focused on a naringin-loaded MIL-101 metal-organic framework for oral care applications. This system explores how MIL-101, combined with naringin, can be used to formulate effective oral care products that promote dental hygiene. This existing system covers both the process of making and using these compositions, marking a significant innovation in integrating MOFs into consumer health products.
[0007] Yet another existing system discloses a continuous process for supplying metal and organic ligands in the synthesis of MOFs. This system emphasizes improving the efficiency and scalability of MOF production, a key step in broadening their application across industries. The process described optimizes the consistent delivery of metal ions and organic linkers, which are crucial components in the construction of MOFs, thus enhancing their practical use in various fields, including catalysis and adsorption.
[0008] Yet another existing system discloses the use of MIL-88A, a biodegradable MOF, in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for energy harvesting. This system demonstrates how MIL-88A can be incorporated into TENGs to generate electrical energy from mechanical movements. The study showcases the MOF's biodegradability and its potential in eco-friendly energy harvesting devices, contributing to the development of sustainable technologies for powering low-energy electronic devices.
[0009] Yet another existing system explored the functionalization of MIL-101 using amine and nitrile groups to improve the performance of TENGs. Their research shows how the functionalized MOF enhances the energy output of TENGs, achieving a peak power of 10.125 µW. This work highlights the potential of functionalized MOFs in boosting the performance of energy harvesting devices, further advancing their applications in sustainable energy solutions.
[0010] Yet another existing system developed a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) using a PDMS sponge infused with carbon nanotubes (CNT). This system emphasizes the creation of a highly flexible TENG capable of generating electricity from mechanical deformations, such as bending or stretching. The use of PDMS sponges with CNT enhances the device's mechanical flexibility and energy conversion efficiency, making it a promising candidate for wearable electronics and flexible energy-harvesting systems.
[0001] Hence, there remains a need for a TENG device for logic gate simulation and power plant control.
SUMMARY
[0002] In view of the foregoing, an embodiment herein provides a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device for logic gate simulation and power plant control. The TENG device includes a sponge substrate. The sponge substrate functionalized with MIL-53 metal-organic framework (MOF). The MIL-53 functionalization enhances surface charge density and charge trapping of the device. The device is configured to operate in an internal mode where inner pores of the sponge substrate are squeezed and an external mode where an additional material forms triboelectric contact for generating an electrical output. The sponge substrate with MIL-53 acts as a triboelectric layer to induce voltage generation through contact electrification and electrostatic induction and to generate an improved electrical output. The generated electrical output is utilized for implementing logic gate operations and simulating power plant control, thereby providing stability, and integration in industrial control systems.
[0003] The MIL-53 functionalization significantly improves the surface charge density and charge trapping capability of the sponge substrate, resulting in a higher electrical output. This makes the device highly efficient for energy harvesting applications. The TENG device is capable of operating in two modes-internal and external. In the internal mode, the squeezing of the sponge's inner pores generates electrical output, while the external mode introduces an additional triboelectric material, enhancing performance by creating dual triboelectric layers. The generated electrical output can be directly used for logic gate operations, making it suitable for controlling complex systems such as power plants. The ability to integrate TENG into existing industrial systems, such as those controlled by PLC and SCADA, offers a low-cost, self-powered alternative for power plant control and automation. The use of a sponge substrate functionalized with MIL-53 provides a flexible and lightweight structure that can adapt to various mechanical deformations, such as squeezing and stretching. This flexibility allows the TENG device to be applied in a wide range of settings, including industrial and wearable electronics.
[0004] The device exhibits stable performance over extended periods, with durable MIL-53 functionalization ensuring sustained charge generation and mechanical resilience, particularly important in industrial applications. The use of a sponge substrate and MOF-based functionalization promotes environmentally friendly energy harvesting by utilizing clean, sustainable materials, aligning with green energy solutions. The TENG can be used to power low-energy devices such as sensors and LEDs, in addition to its logic gate and control capabilities, making it a versatile energy-harvesting solution.
[0001] In some embodiments, the MIL-53 is impregnated in varying weight percentages, optimized at 4 percent weight for maximum performance. In some embodiments, the external mode involves forming triboelectric layers between the MIL-53 functionalized sponge substrate and an aluminium electrode for enhanced charge transfer.
[0002] In some embodiments, the output voltage is up to 44.2 volt (V) peak-to-peak, with a short circuit current of 0.9 microampere (µA) and an instantaneous power of 7.6 microwatt (µW). In some embodiments, the generated electrical output is provided to power low-power electronic devices such as LEDs and LCDs.
[0003] In one aspect, a method for generating electrical output and simulating logic gate operations using a MIL-53 functionalized triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device is provided. The method includes (i) preparing a sponge substrate functionalized with MIL-53 metal-organic framework (MOF); (ii) applying force to the functionalized sponge substrate to induce contact electrification and electrostatic induction for generating an electrical output; (iii) enabling the electrical output for triggering logic gate operations, including AND, OR, NAND, and XOR gates; and (iv) simulating power plant control processes such as conveyor belt control and coolant control and its logic gate operations using LabVIEW integrated with the generated electrical output, wherein the MIL-53 functionalized sponge substrate enhances electrical performance through charge trapping and increased surface charge density of the device.
[0004] In some embodiments, the MIL-53 functionalization is optimized at 4 percent weight for improved triboelectric performance. In some embodiments, the TENG device operates in external mode by implementing an aluminium electrode as a secondary triboelectric material, thereby increasing output through interfacial polarization. In some embodiments, the generated electrical output is provided to power low-power electronic devices during simulation. In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of monitoring the stability and performance of the TENG device for up to 2250 seconds during continuous operation.
[0005] These and other aspects of the embodiments herein will be better appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following descriptions, while indicating preferred embodiments and numerous specific details thereof, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit thereof, and the embodiments herein include all such modifications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] The embodiments herein will be better understood from the following detailed description with reference to the drawings, in which:
[0007] FIG. 1 illustrates the working mechanism of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device for logic gate simulation and power plant control according to an embodiment herein;
[0008] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device of FIG. 1 for logic gate simulation and power plant control according to an embodiment herein;
[0009] FIGS. 3A-3G illustrate a) open circuit voltage. b) short circuit current. c) transferred charge d) power density e) stability analysis of TENG device and powering of f) LCD and g) LEDs using the TENG device according to an embodiment herein; and
[0010] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram that illustrates a method for generating electrical output and simulating logic gate operations using a MIL-53 functionalized triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device according to an embodiment herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0011] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
[0012] As mentioned, there remains a need for a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device for logic gate simulation and power plant control and a method for generating electrical output and simulating logic gate operations using a MIL-53 functionalized triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device. Various embodiments disclosed herein provide a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device for logic gate simulation and power plant control and a method for generating electrical output and simulating logic gate operations using a MIL-53 functionalized triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device. Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 through 4, where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the figures, preferred embodiments are shown.
[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates the working mechanism of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device for logic gate simulation and power plant control according to an embodiment herein. The TENG device includes a sponge substrate 102. The sponge substrate functionalized with MIL-53 104 metal-organic framework (MOF). The MIL-53 104 functionalization enhances surface charge density and charge trapping of the device. The device is configured to operate in an internal mode where inner pores of the sponge substrate are squeezed and an external mode where an additional material forms triboelectric contact for generating an electrical output. The sponge substrate 102 with MIL-53 104 acts as a triboelectric layer to induce voltage generation through contact electrification and electrostatic induction and to generate an improved electrical output. The generated electrical output is utilized for implementing logic gate operations and simulating power plant control, thereby providing stability, and integration in industrial control systems.
[0014] The working principle of the TENG device relies on contact electrification and electrostatic induction. There are two modes of operation: internal and external.
[0015] In the internal mode, the inner pores of the sponge substrate 102 are compressed when force is applied. MIL-53 104, which has a positive surface charge, serves as the positive material, while the walls of the sponge substrate 102 act as the negative material. Continuous contact and separation between these components generate alternating positive and negative half cycles.
[0016] In the external mode, the pores are also compressed, but an additional material is introduced for contact electrification. In this case, aluminium electrode 106 is used as the positive material, and the sponge substrate 102 acts as the negative material. MIL-53 104 enhances the properties of the sponge substrate 102 by trapping charges. This external mode exhibits the highest performance, forming dual triboelectric layers. One pair is formed between the MIL-53 104 and the walls of the sponge substrate 102, and the other between the sponge substrate 102 and aluminium electrodes 106 during contact separation.
[0017] When force is applied, the pores are squeezed, leading to contact electrification, and opposite charges are generated in the materials, as illustrated in FIG. 1 (i). Upon separation, electrostatic induction occurs as the pores gradually release, causing the positively charged MIL-53 104 to induce negative charges in the walls of the sponge substrate 102, disrupting the equilibrium as shown in FIG. 1 (ii). This imbalance is compensated by electron flow from the upper to the lower material, resulting in a positive half cycle.
[0018] As the process continues, the negative charge of the sponge substrate 102 increases to its maximum when the pores are fully released as shown in FIG. 1 (iii). Upon reapplying force, the potential difference shifts, and electrons flow in the opposite direction, as shown in FIG. 1 (iv), producing the negative half cycle. Through this continuous cycle of contact and separation, alternating positive and negative half cycles are generated.
[0019] In some embodiments, the MIL-53 104 is impregnated in varying weight percentages, optimized at 4 percent weight for maximum performance. In some embodiments, the external mode involves forming triboelectric layers between the MIL-53 104 functionalized sponge substrate 102 and the aluminium electrode 106 for enhanced charge transfer.
[0020] In some embodiments, the output voltage is up to 44.2 volt (V) peak-to-peak, with a short circuit current of 0.9 microampere (µA) and an instantaneous power of 7.6 microwatt (µW). In some embodiments, the generated electrical output is provided to power low-power electronic devices such as LEDs and LCDs.
[0021] The TENG device optimizes the weight percentage of the metal-organic framework (MOF) impregnated into the sponge substrate 102 to enhance electric charge efficiency. Additionally, the charge-trapping properties of MOFs are leveraged to improve the device's performance compared to pristine materials. The compression capacity of the sponge substrate 102 is evaluated to ensure feasibility for heavy industrial applications. Moreover, the performance of the MIL-53 104 is analyzed across different operational modes, providing valuable insights. Ultimately, the TENG device offers a sustainable and clean energy solution suitable for industrial applications.
[0022] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device of FIG. 1 for logic gate simulation and power plant control according to an embodiment herein. A power plant control strategy is introduced using a MOF-functionalized sponge-based TENG device. MIL-53 104, a key member of the MOF, is known for its excellent adsorption properties, large surface area, and tunable pore size. MIL-53 104 is incorporated into the pores of the sponge, where it acts as a positive material due to its surface charge of +7.7 mV. The hydrothermal method is employed for MOF synthesis, with characterization results consistent with reference standards.
[0023] The TENG device is fabricated using MIL-53 104 impregnated sugar sponge, with digital images of the pristine and MIL-53-functionalized sponge (M-sponge) shown in FIG. 2 (a). The TENG device, operates in two modes, internal and external, with the external mode delivering maximum performance. The TENG device demonstrated stability for up to 2250 seconds and is connected to LabVIEW software via myDAQ, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), enabling it to perform logic gate operations as shown in FIG. 2 (c).
[0024] A novel approach is taken to simulate power plant control using MS-TENG as an input device, applying ladder logic, which is the foundation of PLC SCADA control in power plants. Various power plant operations, such as conveyor belt and coolant temperature control, are successfully performed, as depicted in FIG. 2 (d). This demonstrates MIL-53's potential as a valuable addition to the triboelectric series.
[0025] FIGS. 3A-3G illustrate a) open circuit voltage. b) short circuit current. c) transferred charge d) power density e) stability analysis of TENG device and powering of f) LCD and g) LEDs using the TENG device according to an embodiment herein. Material characterization, as well as mechanical and electrical performance analyses, are conducted on the TENG device. The MIL-53 104 is synthesized using the hydrothermal technique with ferric chloride and terephthalic acid as the linker. Characterization through XRD, FTIR, and UV spectroscopy confirmed consistency with previous studies. Mechanical tests, including stretching, bending, twisting, and rolling, are carried out using a linear motor. The sponge substrate 102 demonstrated good performance, achieving 150% stretching and a 180º bending angle.
[0026] The electrical performance of the TENG device is evaluated using an electrometer, where three key parameters are measured: open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and charge. The maximum voltage achieved is 44.2 V (peak-to-peak), with a short circuit current of 0.9 µA and an instantaneous power output of 7.6 µW, as shown in FIGS. 3A-D. The TENG device exhibited excellent stability, maintaining consistent performance up to 2250 seconds, as illustrated in FIG. 3E. Additionally, the TENG device successfully powered low-power electronic devices such as LCDs and LEDs, as depicted in FIGS. 3F-G. The observed performance improvements are likely due to interfacial polarization of the nanofiller, which leads to the formation of micro-capacitors between the triboelectric layers.
[0027] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram that illustrates a method for generating electrical output and simulating logic gate operations using a MIL-53 functionalized triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device according to an embodiment herein. At step 402, a sponge substrate functionalized with MIL-53 metal-organic framework (MOF) is prepared. At step 404, a force is applied to the functionalized sponge substrate 102 to induce contact electrification and electrostatic induction for generating an electrical output. At step 406, the electrical output is enabled for triggering logic gate operations, including AND, OR, NAND, and XOR gates. At step 408, power plant control processes are simulated. The power plant control processes include conveyor belt control and coolant control and its logic gate operations using LabVIEW integrated with the generated electrical output, wherein the MIL-53 functionalized sponge substrate enhances electrical performance through charge trapping and increased surface charge density of the TENG device.
[0028] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the scope of appended claims.
, Claims:I/We claim:
1. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device for logic gate simulation and power plant control, comprising:
characterized in that, a sponge substrate (102) functionalized with MIL-53 (104) metal-organic framework (MOF), wherein the MIL-53 (104) functionalization enhances surface charge density and charge trapping of the device, wherein the device is configured to operate in an internal mode where inner pores of the sponge substrate (102) are squeezed and an external mode where an additional material forms triboelectric contact for generating an electrical output, wherein the sponge substrate (102) with MIL-53 (104) acts as a triboelectric layer to induce voltage generation through contact electrification and electrostatic induction and to generate an improved electrical output, wherein the generated electrical output is utilized for implementing logic gate operations and simulating power plant control, thereby providing stability, and integration in industrial control systems.

2. The TENG device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MIL-53 (104) is impregnated in varying weight percentages, optimized at 4 percent weight for maximum performance.

3. The TENG device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the external mode involves forming triboelectric layers between the MIL-53 (104) functionalized sponge substrate (102) and an aluminium electrode (106) for enhanced charge transfer.

4. The TENG device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output voltage is up to 44.2 volt (V) peak-to-peak, with a short circuit current of 0.9 microampere (µA) and an instantaneous power of 7.6 microwatt (µW).

5. The TENG device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the generated electrical output is provided to power low-power electronic devices such as LEDs and LCDs.

6. A method for generating electrical output and simulating logic gate operations using a MIL-53 functionalized triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device, comprising:
characterized in that,
preparing a sponge substrate (102) functionalized with MIL-53 (104) metal-organic framework (MOF);
applying force to the functionalized sponge substrate (102) to induce contact electrification and electrostatic induction for generating an electrical output;
enabling the electrical output for triggering logic gate operations, including AND, OR, NAND, and XOR gates; and
simulating power plant control processes such as conveyor belt control and coolant control and its logic gate operations using LabVIEW integrated with the generated electrical output, wherein the MIL-53 (104) functionalized sponge substrate (102) enhances electrical performance through charge trapping and increased surface charge density of the device.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the MIL-53 (104) functionalization is optimized at 4 percent weight for improved triboelectric performance.

8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the TENG device operates in external mode by implementing an aluminium electrode (106) as a secondary triboelectric material, thereby increasing output through interfacial polarization.

9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the generated electrical output is provided to power low-power electronic devices during simulation.

10. The method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising the step of monitoring the stability and performance of the TENG device for up to 2250 seconds during continuous operation.

Dated this November 06, 2024

Arjun Karthik Bala
(IN/PA 1021)
Agent for Applicant

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