THERAPEUTIC CARBON QUANTUM DOT (CQD) LASER FOR WOUND HEALING APPLICATIONS

Abstract

ABSTRACT THERAPEUTIC CARBON QUANTUM DOT (CQD) LASER FOR WOUND HEALING APPLICATIONS The present invention provides a methodology for producing therapeutic carbon quantum dot activated by laser energy. The synthesis of CQDs is carried out using eco-friendly precursors, employing hydrothermal or solvothermal methods to produce CQDs with tailored sizes and surface functionalities. These CQDs are characterized using various spectroscopy techniques. A laser source, such as near-infrared light, is selected for minimal tissue damage and efficient activation of CQDs at the target site. A delivery system is designed to enable the controlled and precise application of laser energy. The efficacy of CQD-laser treatment is evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. This methodology offers a promising approach for wound healing and tissue regeneration by leveraging the combined effects of CQDs and laser treatment.

Specification

Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of carbon quantum dots. The present invention specifically relates to the field of therapeutic carbon quantum dots with active medium of laser material. They offer advantages of low cost, high stability and non-toxicity making them attractive for the sustainable development of miniaturized lasers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Carbon Quantum dot (CQD) are zero-dimensional nanoparticles, a few nanometers in size, having optical and electronic properties that differ from larger particles due to quantum effects. CQD laser is a laser that uses CQD as the active laser material in its light emitting region. Due to the tight confinement of charge carriers in CQD, they exhibit an electronic structure similar to atoms. Lasers fabricated from such an active media exhibit device performance that is closer to solid, liquid or gas laser and avoid some of the negative aspects of device performance associated with traditional semiconductor lasers based on bulk active media.
Skin is the largest organ of the body which acts as a front-liner of defense mechanism. It is vital to keep the skin integrity and stability for normal function in balancing the body homeostasis. Furthermore, skin plays the main role as a barrier to protect the body against infection, fluid imbalance and thermal dysregulation. The chances of survival will be decreased upon the compromised barrier especially when open injuries are involved. The skin wound is defined as damaged or disruption towards the skin epidermis (ruptured epithelium continuity) and dermis (matrix loss or discontinuity) due to possible various factors and causes including burns, cuts, traumatic injuries, post-surgical injuries, cancers, chemical injuries and ulcers
Though the potential of CQD lasers have been discussed in the prior art like the patent application CN113004893 A titled as "CARBON QUANTUM DOT PREPARATION METHOD AND PATTERNING APPLICATION THEREOF" discusses a carbon quantum dot preparation method and application thereof. The embodiment of the invention provides application of cellulose as a carbon source in preparation of carbon quantum dots. The cellulose has a specific structural formula. When the cellulose with the structures is used for preparing, molecular energy is simply gathered in modes of direct heating, microwaves, laser, ultrasonic waves and the like, so that the structure of the cellulose is converted to form the carbon quantum dots, and the reaction can be completed without controlling conditions of high temperature, high pressure, oxygen-free and the like in the process. Meanwhile, the cellulose membrane can directly form a carbon dot fluorescent pattern through laser etching, and a novel fluorescent patterning method is provided.
Yet another application CN110218900 A titled as "METHOD FOR IMPROVING HEAT CONDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF CARBON QUANTUM DOT ENHANCED COPPER-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIAL" discloses a method for improving the heat conduction performance of a carbon quantum dot enhanced copper-based composite material and belongs to the technical field of composite material preparing. By means of the method, carbon quantum dot-copper composite powder is obtained by reducing cuprous oxide-carbon quantum dot composite powder, spark plasma sintering (SPS) is conducted on the carbon quantum dot-copper composite powder immediately, and the carbon quantum dot-copper composite material is obtained. By means of the method, the particle sizes of carbon quantum dots are basically below 10 nm, and the carbon quantum dots are evenly distributed and embedded in copper particles. A laser thermal conductance meter is used for conducting thermal property tests with different temperatures on the carbon quantum dot/copper-based composite material, and test results show that the heat diffusion rate of the carbon quantum dot enhanced copper-based composite material in the room temperature and high temperature conditions is high and is far higher than that of pure copper
Yet another patent application CN114395392 A titled as "ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM TARGETING TYPE FLUORESCENT CARBON QUANTUM DOT AS WELL AS PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF" discloses an endoplasmic reticulum targeted fluorescent carbon quantum dot and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fluorescent nanomaterials, the preparation method has the characteristics of simple operation and cheap and easily available raw materials, and the preparation method mainly comprises the following steps: dissolving aromatic amine in an alcohol organic solvent to obtain a reaction solution; then reacting for 2-24 hours at the temperature of 100-220 DEG C, and separating and purifying to obtain the endoplasmic reticulum targeted fluorescent carbon quantum dots. Compared with the existing commercially available endoplasmic reticulum fluorescent dye, the fluorescent carbon dots have excellent photobleaching resistance and short dyeing time, can still maintain relatively strong fluorescence emission under continuous laser excitation, can be used for tracking the state of the endoplasmic reticulum in real time, and can be used for preparing a fluorescent dye for the endoplasmic reticulum. The method has wide practical application value in the fields of photoelectric devices, biological imaging, detection devices, sensing devices and the like
However, none of the prior arts discuss its benefits of CQD-LASER light therapy on wound healing is one of the important aspect in phototherapy. The need to care for a population with poorly healing wounds is a growing challenge that requires innovative strategies. An approach that stands out in the treatment of these lesions is CQD-LASER light therapy.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a method of preparation of therapeutic carbon quantum dot (CQD) laser for wound healing.
It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide a method using steps of synthesis of CQDs, characterization, laser integration.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The following summary is provided to facilitate a clear understanding of the new features in the disclosed embodiment and it is not intended to be a full, detailed description. A detailed description of all the aspects of the disclosed invention can be understood by reviewing the full specification, the drawing and the claims and the abstract, as a whole.
The present invention focusses on novel methodology for enhancing wound healing using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) activated by laser energy.
The method is initiated with the synthesis of CQDs, utilizing eco-friendly precursors and employing hydrothermal or solvothermal techniques to produce CQDs with controlled sizes and tailored surface functionalities.
Next, the characterization of the CQDs is performed through various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ensuring proper size, structure, and surface properties. The cytotoxicity of the CQDs is assessed using cell viability assays on relevant cell lines to confirm biocompatibility.
The methodology then integrates laser activation by selecting an appropriate laser source, such as near-infrared light, to minimize tissue damage while efficiently activating the CQDs at the wound site. A custom-designed laser delivery system is developed to ensure precise and controlled application of laser energy to the treatment area.
Finally, the efficacy of CQD-laser treatment is evaluated through both in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies assess the impact of CQD-laser treatment on cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix production using fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures. In vivo, wound healing experiments in animal models are conducted to assess wound closure rates, histological changes, and inflammatory responses.
This comprehensive methodology provides a promising strategy for improving wound healing and tissue regeneration by combining the unique properties of CQDs with controlled laser activation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Various embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, the following description and drawings are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, in certain instances, known details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description.
References to one or an embodiment in the present disclosure can be references to the same embodiment or any embodiment; and such references mean at least one of the embodiments.
Reference to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "one aspect", "some aspects", "an aspect" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the disclosure. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others.
The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in the specific context where each term is used. Alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of the terms discussed herein, and no special significance should be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. In some cases, synonyms for certain terms are provided.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or can be learned by practice of the herein disclosed principles. The features and advantages of the disclosure can be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features of the disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims or can be learned by the practice of the principles set forth herein.
Wound is defined as primarily damaged or disruption of skin contributed to the loss of its microstructure stability and which undergoes complex wound healing process. However, there are tons of factors that could affect the wound healing process such as infection and slow angiogenesis. Involvement of nanotechnologies therapies in wound care research aims to facilitates this healing process. CQD-Laser are an advanced nanomaterial technology found to be useful in clinical and biomedical applications.
In particular, Phototherapy-Laser light treatment involves the interaction between light and a specific chromophore in the biological tissue in order to obtain beneficial physiological effects. This interaction starts with light absorption by either an endogenous (naturally occurring) or exogenous (added from outside) chromophore, and is followed by transformation of light energy into chemical, kinetic or heat energy .
CQD-LASER promise to be an ideal light source, not only complying with desired form factors-flexibility, lightweight, and uniform large area illumination. Skin repair is a complicated procedure in the human body. A proper clinical outcome cannot usually be provided by the present treatments to heal wounds. Reduction of infection, moisturisation of the wound, stimulation of the healing mechanisms, acceleration of the wound closure, and reduction of scar formation require more curative procedure. Nanomaterials are used in managing wound healing by representing an exclusive instrument with a specific design for close reflection of the physiologic procedures in injured tissues. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with a size range below 10 nm in diameter. These nanomaterials have gained a rising ground because of their less toxicity, adjustable fluorescence, and physicochemical specifications. The wound healing field has witnessed a novel perspective owing to CQDs-Laser based therapies. The way light interacts with the biological tissues will depend on the characteristics and parameters of light devices, mainly the wavelength and dose, and also the optical properties of the tissue.
Regarding the characteristics of light devices, LASER consists of a resonant optical cavity and different types of active media such as solid, liquid or gaseous materials, in which processes of light generation occur through the passage of an electric current. Potency in the range of 10-3 to 10-1 W, wavelength from 300 to 10,600 nm, pulse frequency from 0 (continuous emission) to 5,000 Hz, pulse duration and pulse interval from 1 to 500 milliseconds, total radiation from 10-3000 seconds, intensity between 10-2 and 100 Wcm-1 and dose from 10-2 to 102 Jcm-2 characterized LASER as a low potency device.
Energy absorption is the primary mechanism that allows light from LASER to produce biological effects in the tissue. Light absorption is dependent on wavelength and the main tissue chromophores (hemoglobin and melanin) strongly absorb wavelengths shorter than 600 nm. For these reasons, there is a therapeutic window in the optical spectral range of red and near infrared, wherein the efficiency of light penetration in the tissue is maximum.
The light of laser has some unique characteristics such as monochromaticity (has a single wavelength), coherent and collimation (travels in a single direction without divergence) which cause to penetrate this light into the skin surface non-invasively.
The increasing incidence of chronic wounds and the need for effective wound healing strategies necessitate innovative approaches. This aims to develop a therapeutic system utilizing Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) combined with laser technology to enhance wound healing processes.
Methodology
1. Synthesis of CQDs:
o Utilize eco-friendly precursors for the synthesis of CQDs.
o Employ techniques like hydrothermal or solvothermal methods to produce CQDs with tailored sizes and surface functionalities.
2. Characterization:
o Use techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to characterize CQDs.
o Assess cytotoxicity through cell viability assays on relevant cell lines.
3. Laser Integration:
o Select an appropriate laser source (e.g., near-infrared) to minimize damage to surrounding tissues while effectively activating CQDs.
o Design a delivery system for controlled and precise application of laser energy to the wound site.
4. Efficacy Studies:
o In Vitro: Evaluate the impact of CQD-laser treatment on cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix production using fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures.
o In Vivo: Perform wound healing experiments in animal models to assess closure rates, histological changes, and inflammatory responses.
Expected Outcomes
• Development of a CQD-laser system that significantly enhances wound healing compared to conventional treatments.
• Comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which CQDs promote healing through photothermic and photodynamic effects.
• Potential for clinical translation, paving the way for advanced therapies in wound management.
The CQD-laser system has the potential to revolutionize wound healing approaches, providing a novel, efficient, and minimally invasive treatment option. By harnessing the properties of CQDs in combination with laser technology, we aim to improve healing outcomes and patient quality of life.

, Claims:WE CLAIM:

1. A method for producing a therapeutic carbon dot laser for wound healing comprising steps of:
a) synthesizing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using precursors via standard methods,
b) characterizing the CQDs by spectroscopy,
c) assessing the cytotoxicity of the CQDs on relevant cell lines using cell viability assays;
d) selecting a laser source of suitable wavelength for minimal tissue damage, wherein the laser is used to activate the CQDs upon application to a wound site;
e) a suitable delivery system for the controlled and precise application of laser energy to the wound site is preferred to activate the CQDs at the target site;
f) performing in vitro evaluation of the effect of CQD-laser treatment for various characteristic features of the cell
g) performing in vivo wound healing experiments to assess the efficiency by measuring various parameters.
in animal models to assess

2. A method for producing a therapeutic carbon dot laser for wound healing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the precursors are eco-friendly in nature.
3. A method for producing a therapeutic carbon dot laser for wound healing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the standard methods include hydrothermal or solvothermal process to obtain CQDs with tailored sizes and surface functionalities.
4. A method for producing a therapeutic carbon dot laser for wound healing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the characterization using spectroscopy includes using UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm their size, surface properties, and structure.
5. A method for producing a therapeutic carbon dot laser for wound healing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the characteristic features include cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix production using fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures.
6. A method for producing a therapeutic carbon dot laser for wound healing as claimed in claim 1 wherein various parameters include wound closure rates, histological changes, and inflammatory responses.

Documents