SYSTEM AND METHOD IMPLEMENTED IN AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) FOR DETECTING AND SUPPRESSING FIRE

Abstract

A system (100) and a method (200) implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detecting and suppressing fire is disclosed. The system (100) includes an image processing unit (102) for capturing images, a pneumatic launcher unit (104) for launching one or more fire extinguisher capsules when actuated and a controller (106) in communication within the image processing unit (102) and the pneumatic launcher unit (104), the controller (106) is configure to analyse the captured images for precise fire recognition using a RGB-based image processing module (106A) and signals the pneumatic launcher unit (104) to launch fire extinguisher capsules to suppress the detected fire. A learning module (106B) of the controller (106) calculates the trajectory for fire extinguisher capsules based on the analyzed image data to release pressurized air by a solenoid valve (104C) upon receiving the signal to launch fire extinguisher capsules to suppress the detected fire.

Specification

Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In particular, the present disclosure relates to a simple, compact, efficient, and cost-effective system and method implemented in an UAV for detecting and suppressing fire.

BACKGROUND
[0002] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, are aircraft systems that operate without an onboard human pilot. UAVs can be controlled remotely by a human operator or autonomously by onboard computers. These systems are used in various applications, including surveillance, military operations, search and rescue missions, weather monitoring, and videography. UAVs are equipped with various components such as flight controllers, motors, electronic speed controllers (ESCs), radio transmitters, receivers, and cameras, which enable them to perform complex tasks and navigate diverse environments.
[0003] In the field of fire detection and suppression, UAVs aim to provide rapid response capabilities to identify and extinguish fire in various settings, including open areas, semi-closed spaces, and high-rise buildings. The primary goal is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of firefighting efforts, reducing response times and minimizing damage and loss of life. UAVs equipped with advanced imaging and processing technologies can detect fire quickly and accurately, while integrated suppression systems can deliver fire extinguishing agents precisely to the affected areas.
[0004] Achieving rapid and accurate fire detection and suppression involves several challenges. UAVs must be able to operate in diverse environments, including urban areas with limited accessibility and high-rise buildings where traditional firefighting methods may be less effective. The systems must also be capable of processing real-time data to identify fire accurately and deploy suppression agents swiftly. Additionally, the UAVs must be designed to ensure stability and manoeuvrability, allowing them to navigate tight spaces and deliver fire extinguishing agents precisely.
[0005] It is known from prior art that existing UAV-based fire detection and suppression systems have limitations. Document IN201721013989 describes a fire fighting drone system that relies on thermal imaging for fire detection and manual dry chemical powder release for suppression. However, this system lacks RGB-based image processing for precise fire recognition and uses an octo-copter design, which reduces manoeuvrability in tight areas.
[0006] Document IN202121057060 describes a smart forest fire extinguisher using UAVs that employs a slower robotic arm for deployment and lacks machine learning for precise, autonomous targeting. This system is primarily suited for forest environments, limiting its adaptability in urban and high-rise areas.
[0007] Document KR101437323 describes an unmanned plane for fire reconnaissance and firefighting that uses a basic camera without RGB colour detection and relies on manual solution release. This system is limited to radio control and lacks autonomous operation and ground station feedback.
[0008] Document CN109260624 describes a high-efficiency UAV for fire rescue that uses water-based suppression, which may be ineffective in confined or high-rise spaces. This system lacks automated, machine-learning-based targeting for precision and is primarily designed for open spaces, limiting its utility in urban and high-rise firefighting.
[0009] There is thus a need for a system and a method for an UAV-based to detect and suppress fire system that addresses the shortcomings of existing solutions. Such a system should provide high-precision fire detection using RGB image processing, rapid and controlled suppressant delivery through a pneumatic launch mechanism, and machine learning-driven precision targeting.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0010] A general objective of the present disclosure is to overcome the problems associated with existing conventional unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), by providing a simple, compact, efficient, and cost-effective system and method implemented in an UAV for detecting and suppressing fire.
[0011] Another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a UAV that utilizes RGB-based image processing for precise and accurate fire recognition.
[0012] The invention seeks to improve the speed and control of suppressant delivery, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of fire suppression efforts.

SUMMARY
[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure pertain to the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In particular, the present disclosure relates to a simple, compact, and efficient system and method implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detecting and suppressing fire.
[0014] According to an aspect, the proposed system for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect and suppress fire includes an image processing unit configured on the UAV to capture images of an Area of Interest (AOI), a pneumatic launcher unit configured for launching one or more fire extinguisher capsules when actuated and a controller. The controller is in communication within the image processing unit and the pneumatic launcher unit. The controller is configured to analyse the captured images for precise fire recognition using an RGB-based image processing module of the controller. In addition, the controller calculates real-time trajectory and targeting data for the pneumatic launcher unit using a learning module of the controller based on the analyzed images. Further, the controller signals the pneumatic launcher unit to launch one or more fire extinguisher capsules to suppress the detected fire.
[0015] In an embodiment, the controller may include a communication module configured for transmitting data between the UAV and a ground station, enabling semi-autonomous operation with ground feedback.
[0016] In an embodiment, the system may include a power source configured on the UAV for supplying electricity to the UAV.
[0017] In an embodiment, the image processing unit may correspond to a camera.
[0018] In an embodiment, the controller may be configured to analyse the captured images pixel by pixel to identify color variants within the RGB spectrum. In addition, the controller may detect specific shades of red and orange that are indicative of fire. Further the controller may signal the pneumatic launcher unit when the identified color variants match predefined RGB values associated with fire.
[0019] In an embodiment, the pneumatic launcher unit may include a pressure chamber configured on the UAV to store pressurized air and a launching chamber configured on the UAV for holding and launching one or more fire extinguisher capsules when actuated. Further, the pneumatic launcher unit may include a solenoid valve configured between the pressure chamber and the launching chamber to release pressurized air into the launching chamber upon actuation and a pressure input valve configured to regulate the input of pressurized air into the pressure chamber.
[0020] In an embodiment, the controller using the learning module may further be configured to calculate the optimal trajectory for the one or more fire extinguisher capsules based on the location and size of the detected fire upon receiving signal from the RGB-based image processing module and actuate the solenoid valve for launching the one or more fire extinguisher capsules upon calculating the optimal trajectory.
[0021] In an embodiment, the one or more fire extinguisher capsules within the launching chamber may contain a fire suppressant material that releases carbon dioxide upon reacting with heat to extinguish the fire. According to an aspect, a method for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect and suppress fire. The method may include an initial step of A method for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect and suppress fire, the method includes a step of capturing images of an Area of Interest (AOI) using an image processing unit and another step of analyzing the captured images pixel by pixel to identify color variants within the RGB spectrum using an RGB-based image processing module of the controller.
[0022] Additionally, the method includes a step of detecting specific shades of red and orange that are indicative of fire from the analyzed images using the RGB-based image processing module and another step of calculating the trajectory for fire extinguisher capsules upon detecting specific shades of red and orange from the images using a learning module of the controller.
[0023] Further, the method includes a step of launching the one or more fire extinguisher capsules in a calculated trajectory using the pneumatic launcher unit towards the area of interest where the image comprising specific red/orange shades was captured and another step of extinguishing the detected fire using carbon dioxide from the launched one or more fire extinguisher capsules.
[0024] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0025] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. The diagrams are for illustration only, which thus is not a limitation of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detecting and suppressing fire, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of a method implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detecting and suppressing fire, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the various embodiments and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the present disclosure is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the present disclosure as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the present disclosure relates.
[0029] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are explanatory of the present disclosure and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.
[0030] Whether or not a certain feature or element was limited to being used only once, it may still be referred to as "one or more features" or "one or more elements" or "at least one feature" or "at least one element." Furthermore, the use of the terms "one or more" or "at least one" feature or element do not preclude there being none of that feature or element, unless otherwise specified by limiting language including, but not limited to, "there needs to be one or more…" or "one or more elements is required.
[0031] Reference is made herein to some "embodiments." It should be understood that an embodiment is an example of a possible implementation of any features and/or elements of the present disclosure. Some embodiments have been described for the purpose of explaining one or more of the potential ways in which the specific features and/or elements of the proposed disclosure fulfil the requirements of uniqueness, utility, and non-obviousness.
[0032] Use of the phrases and/or terms including, but not limited to, "a first embodiment," "a further embodiment," "an alternate embodiment," "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "multiple embodiments," "some embodiments," "other embodiments," "further embodiment", "furthermore embodiment", "additional embodiment" or other variants thereof do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, one or more particular features and/or elements described in connection with one or more embodiments may be found in one embodiment, or may be found in more than one embodiment, or may be found in all embodiments, or may be found in no embodiments. Although one or more features and/or elements may be described herein in the context of only a single embodiment, or in the context of more than one embodiment, or in the context of all embodiments, the features and/or elements may instead be provided separately or in any appropriate combination or not at all. Conversely, any features and/or elements described in the context of separate embodiments may alternatively be realized as existing together in the context of a single embodiment.
[0033] Any particular and all details set forth herein are used in the context of some embodiments and therefore should not necessarily be taken as limiting factors to the proposed disclosure. The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub-systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.
[0034] Embodiments explained herein relate to a simple, compact, and efficient system and a method for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to detect and suppress fire. The system includes a precision RGB Fire Detection, unlike existing systems that rely on thermal imaging, this system employs advanced RGB-based image processing for precise fire recognition and the method offers high accuracy without the high costs associated with thermal imaging, enabling quick and accurate action. The UAV is equipped with a pneumatic launcher that allows for rapid and controlled deployment of fire extinguishing materials, such as one or more fire extinguisher capsules. This mechanism enhances response speed and control, making it more effective in various environments. The system utilizes machine learning algorithms for real-time trajectory calculations, ensuring precise and autonomous targeting of the fire extinguishing materials. This reduces the risk of human error and increases the effectiveness of the suppression efforts.
[0035] The UAV is designed to be adaptable for use in urban, semi-closed, and high-rise scenarios, expanding its applications beyond traditional forest fire fighting. This versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of firefighting situations. The UAV combines semi-autonomous operation with continuous communication and feedback from a ground station. This minimizes human intervention while ensuring dynamic and responsive firefighting capabilities. The above features collectively set the system apart from existing firefighting UAV systems, offering a more efficient, accurate, and versatile solution for fire detection and suppression.
[0036] According to an aspect, the proposed system and method implemented in an UAV captures images of the AOI using the image processing unit where the captured images are analyzed by the RGB-based image processing module 106A of the controller 106 to detect fire. Upon detecting a fire, a learning module 106B calculates the optimal trajectory for the one or more fire extinguisher capsules based on the processed images such that the controller signals the pneumatic launcher unit to actuate the solenoid valve releasing pressurized air into the launching chamber and launching the one or more fire extinguisher capsules towards the detected fire. The one or more fire extinguisher capsules releases carbon dioxide upon reacting with heat, effectively suppressing the fire.
[0037] Referring to FIG. 1, the disclosed system (hereinafter referred as "system 100") implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed to detect and suppress fire. The system 100 includes an image processing unit 102, a pneumatic launcher unit 104, a controller 106, a power source to suppress the detected fire.
[0038] In an embodiment, the image processing unit 102 can be configured on the UAV to capture images of an Area of Interest (AOI), said unit 102 can be typically a camera that provides real-time visual data of the environment. The captured images can then be analyzed to detect the presence of fire.
[0039] In an embodiment, the pneumatic launcher unit 104 can be designed for launching one or more fire extinguisher capsules when actuated. This unit 104 can include a pressure chamber 104A configured on the UAV to store pressurized air. In addition, the pneumatic launcher unit 104 can include a launching chamber 104B configured on the UAV for holding and launching one or more fire extinguisher capsules when actuated. Further, the pneumatic launcher unit 104 can include a solenoid valve 104C positioned between the pressure chamber 104A and the launching chamber 104B to release pressurized air into the launching chamber 104B upon actuation. Furthermore, the pneumatic launcher unit 104 can include a pressure input valve 104D configured to regulate the input of pressurized air into the pressure chamber 104A.
[0040] The one or more fire extinguisher capsules within the launching chamber 104B can include a fire suppressant material that releases carbon dioxide upon reacting with heat to extinguish the fire, said fire suppressant material can be designed to effectively suppress fire by displacing oxygen and reducing the temperature of the fire.
[0041] In an embodiment, the controller 106 can be in communication with the image processing unit 102 and the pneumatic launcher unit 104. The controller 106 can analyze the captured images, calculate the trajectory for the one or more fire extinguisher capsules, and signal the pneumatic launcher unit 104 to launch the one or more fire extinguisher capsules.
[0042] Additionally, the controller 106 can include an RGB-based image processing module 106A configured to analyze the captured images for precise fire recognition. The RGB-based image processing module 106A module can process the images pixel by pixel to identify color variants within the RGB spectrum and detect specific shades of red and orange that are indicative of fire. When the identified color variants match predefined RGB values associated with fire, said module 106A can generate a fire detection signal. The controller 106 can include a learning module 106B configured to calculate real-time trajectory and targeting data for the pneumatic launcher unit 104 based on the processed images, said module 106B can determine the optimal trajectory for the one or more fire extinguisher capsules based on the location and size of the detected fire.
[0043] Further, the controller 106 can include a communication module 108 configured for transmitting data between the UAV and a ground station which can enable semi-autonomous operation with ground feedback, allowing for dynamic adjustments and real-time monitoring of the UAV's activities.
[0044] In an embodiment, the power source can be configured on the UAV for supplying electricity to the UAV components which can ensure that all units, including the image processing unit 102, pneumatic launcher unit 104, and controller 106, receive the necessary power to function effectively.
[0045] In an embodiment, the communication module 108 can ensures continuous data transmission between the UAV and the ground station, enabling semi-autonomous operation with real-time feedback which can allow for dynamic adjustments and monitoring of the UAV's activities, ensuring effective and efficient fire detection and suppression.
[0046] Referring to FIG. 2, the disclosed method (hereinafter referred to as "method 200") implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detecting and suppressing fire is described. The method 200 can include several steps that work together to achieve precise fire detection and effective suppression.
[0047] The method initially begins with an initial step 202 of capturing images of an Area of Interest (AOI) using an image processing unit configured on the UAV. This unit, typically a camera, provides real-time visual data of the environment. The captured images are essential for the subsequent analysis and detection of fire.
[0048] The captured images are then analyzed in a step 204 by an RGB-based image processing module 106A of the controller 106. The analysis is performed pixel by pixel to identify color variants within the RGB spectrum. This step is crucial for detecting the specific colors associated with fire, such as shades of red and orange.
[0049] Using the RGB-based image processing module 106A, the method 200 in a step 206 detects specific shades of red and orange that are indicative of fire from the analyzed images. These shades are predefined and associated with fire, allowing the system to accurately identify potential fire hazards. The detection of these specific colors triggers the next steps in the method.
[0050] Upon detecting specific shades of red and orange from the images, the learning module 106B of the controller 106 in a step 208, calculates the trajectory for the one or more fire extinguisher capsules. The learning module 106B determines the optimal trajectory, ensuring precise targeting of the one or more fire extinguisher capsules based on the location and size of the detected fire.
[0051] In a further step 210, the pneumatic launcher unit 104 is then used to launch the one or more fire extinguisher capsules in the calculated trajectory towards the area of interest where the image comprising specific red/orange shades was captured. The precise targeting ensures that the one or more fire extinguisher capsules reach the fire accurately, maximizing the effectiveness of the suppression efforts.
[0052] In a final step 212, Upon reaching the target area, the one or more fire extinguisher capsules release carbon dioxide to extinguish the fire. The fire extinguisher capsules contain a fire suppressant material that reacts with heat to release carbon dioxide, which displaces oxygen and reduces the temperature of the fire, effectively suppressing it.
[0053] By following these steps, the method 200 provides a comprehensive approach to detecting and suppressing fires using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The integration of RGB-based image processing, learning modules, and a pneumatic launcher unit ensures precise fire detection and effective suppression, enhancing the overall efficiency and effectiveness of firefighting efforts.
[0054] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions, or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
[0055] The present disclosure provides a simple, compact, efficient, and cost-effective UAV for fire detection and suppression.
[0056] The present disclosure provides a UAV with enhanced accuracy of fire detection.
[0057] The present disclosure provides a UAV that is cost-effective and provides high precision without the need for expensive thermal imaging technology.
[0058] The present disclosure provides a UAV that is equipped with a rapid and controlled mechanism for deploying fire extinguishing agents to suppress fire.
, Claims:1. A system (100) implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detecting and suppressing fire, the system (100) comprising:
an image processing unit (102) configured on the UAV to capture images of an Area of Interest (AOI);
a pneumatic launcher unit (104) configured for launching one or more fire extinguisher capsules when actuated; and
a controller (106) in communication within the image processing unit (102) and the pneumatic launcher unit (104), wherein the controller (106) is configured to:
analyze the captured images for precise fire recognition using an RGB-based image processing module (106A) of the controller (106);
calculate real-time trajectory and targeting data for the pneumatic launcher unit (104) using a learning module (106B) of the controller (106) based on the analyzed images; and
signal the pneumatic launcher unit (104) to launch one or more fire extinguisher capsules to suppress the detected fire.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller (106) comprises a communication module (108) configured for transmitting data between the UAV and a ground station, enabling semi-autonomous operation with ground feedback.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) comprises a power source configured on the UAV for supplying electricity to the UAV.
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image processing unit (102) corresponds to a camera.
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller (106) is configured to:
analyze the captured images pixel by pixel to identify color variants within the RGB spectrum;
detect specific shades of red and orange that are indicative of fire; and
signal the pneumatic launcher unit (104) when the identified color variants match predefined RGB values associated with fire.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pneumatic launcher unit (104) comprises:
a pressure chamber (104A) configured on the UAV to store pressurized air;
a launching chamber (104B) configured on the UAV for holding and launching one or more fire extinguisher capsules when actuated;
a solenoid valve (104C) configured between the pressure chamber (104A) and the launching chamber (104B) to release pressurized air into the launching chamber (104B) upon actuation; and
a pressure input valve (104D) configured to regulate the input of pressurized air into the pressure chamber (104A).
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller (106) using the learning module (106B) is further configured to:
calculate the optimal trajectory for the one or more fire extinguisher capsules based on the location and size of the detected fire upon receiving signal from the RGB-based image processing module (106A); and
actuate the solenoid valve (104C) for launching the one or more fire extinguisher capsules upon calculating the optimal trajectory.
8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more fire extinguisher capsules within the launching chamber (104B) contain a fire suppressant material that releases carbon dioxide upon reacting with heat to extinguish the fire.
9. A method implemented in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for detecting and suppressing fire, the method (200) comprising steps of:
capturing (202), using an image processing unit images of an Area of Interest (AOI);
analyzing (204), using an RGB-based image processing module (106A) of the controller (106), the captured images pixel by pixel to identify color variants within the RGB spectrum;
detecting (206), using the RGB-based image processing module (106A), specific shades of red and orange that are indicative of fire from the analyzed images;
calculating (208), using a learning module (106B) of the controller (106) a trajectory for fire extinguisher capsules upon detecting specific shades of red and orange in the analyzed images;
capsules launching (210), using the pneumatic launcher unit (104) the fire extinguisher capsules in a calculated trajectory towards the area of interest where the image comprising specific red/orange shades was captured; and
extinguishing (212), using carbon dioxide from the launched fire extinguisher capsules the detected fire.

Documents