SYNERGISTIC TRI-METAL OXIDE COMPOSITION FOR SUPERCAPACITORS

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION This invention presents a novel tri-metal oxide composition, specifically engineered for cuttingedge applications in catalysis, energy storage, and environmental remediation. The tri-metal oxide system, comprising Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Iron (Fe), is synthesized using solvothermal techniques, resulting in a material with distinctive synergistic properties. This innovative composition exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical stability, catalytic efficiency, and photocatalytic activity compared to existing materials. The tri-metal oxide formulation offers exceptional performance, including high capacitance for supercapacitors, superior catalytic activity in oxidation reactions, and heightened sensitivity in gas sensors, making it highly versatile for various industrial and environmental applications. The invention also defines the optimal ratios and processing conditions required to maximize these properties, ensuring its effectiveness across multiple emerging technologies. This novel material delivers substantial improvements in performance, cost-effectiveness, and durability, representing a valuable advancement in the fields of renewable energy and environmental solutions

Specification

Title of the invention
SYNERGISTIC TRI-METAL OXIDE COMPOSITION FOR SUPERCAPACITORS
FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to the synthesis of tri-metal oxides for applications in energy
storage and environmental remediation
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Introduction to Supercapacitors: Supercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors,
are energy storage devices that bridge the gap between conventional capacitors and batteries.
They offer high power density, rapid charge/discharge rates, and long cycle life, making them
ideal for applications in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid energy storage.
However, achieving both high energy density and power density in a single device remains a
challenge.
Importance of Electrode Materials: The performance of supercapacitors is largely determined
by the electrode materials used. Traditional materials like carbon-based electrodes are known
for their high surface area but often fall short in terms of energy density. Transition metal
oxides have emerged as promising candidates due to their ability to undergo fast and reversible
redox reactions, contributing to high capacitance. However, single-metal oxides often suffer
fi-om limitations like poor electrical conductivity and limited cycle stability.
Advantage of Tri-Metal Oxides: Tri-metal oxides have garnered attention as advanced
electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their potential to combine the advantages of
multiple metal oxides, resulting in enhanced electrochemical performance. By incorporating
three different metal cations into a single oxide framework, these materials can exhibit
synergistic effects, including:
I. Enhanced Capacitance: The combination of different redox-active sites fi-om multiple
metal ions can lead to a higher specific capacitance.
2. Improved Electrical Conductivity: The inclusion of conductive elements can reduce the
internal resistance, facilitating faster charge/discharge cycles.
3. Increased Stability: The structural stability of tri-metal oxides can be superior to that of
binary or single-metal oxides, leading to longer cycle life,
Key Research Developments:
I. Synthesis Methods: Various synthesis techniques such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, and
solvothermal methods have been employed to prepare tri-metal oxides with controlled
morphology, particle size, and phase composition. These methods enable the fine-tuning
of material properties to optimize supercapacitor performance.
2. Electrochemical Performance: Studies have demonstrated that tri-metal oxides like CoNi-
Fe, Ni-Co-Mn, and Zn-Cu-Ti exhibit high specific capacitance, excellent rate
capability, and good cycling stability.J6P instance, Co-Ni-Fe oxide nanostructures have
shown capacitances exceeding 1500 F/g, with minimal capacitance loss after thousands
of cycles.
3. Hybrid and Composite Materials: Combining tri-metal oxides with conductive materials
such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, or conducting polymers has further enhanced their
performance by improving electrical conductivity and providing additional active sites
for charge storage.
Applications and Future Prospects: Tri-metal oxide-based supercapacitors are being explored
for use in high-performance energy storage systems, particularly in applications requiring rapid
energy delivery, such as in electric vehicles and renewable energy integration. Ongoing
research focuses on optimizing the composition, structure, and scalability of these materials to
achieve commercial viability.
Challenges: Despite their potential, challenges remain in terms of large-scale synthesis, costeffectiveness,
and achieving consistent performance across different batches. Addressing these
issues through innovative synthesis methods and material engineering will be crucial for the
future development oftri-metal oxide supercapacitors.
Conclusion:
Tri-metal oxides represent a promising class of materials for next-generation supercapacitors,
offering a unique combination of high capacitance, conductivity, and stability. Continued
research and development in this area hold the potential to significantly advance the
performance and application range of supercapacitors in the energy storage industry.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ORA WINGS:
Description of Related Art:
Supercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors, are energy storage devices that offer
high power density, rapid charge and discharge rates, and long cycle life. These properties
make them particularly suitable for applications in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and
renewable energy systems. Despite these advantages, supercapacitors often struggle to achieve
both high energy density and power density, a limitation primarily influenced by the choice of
electrode materials.
Conventional supercapacitor electrodes are commonly made from carbon-based materials,
which provide high surface area but relatively low energy density. Transition metal oxides,
including binary and single-metal oxides such as Mn02, NiO, and Co304, have been
investigated as alternatives due to their ability to undergo fast and reversible faradaic reactions.
These materials can significantly improve the capacitance of supercapacitors. However, singlemetal
oxides often suffer from drawbacks such as poor electrical conductivity and limited cycle
stability, restricting their overall performance.
electrochemical properties compared to their binary or single-metal counterparts. The inclusion
of multiple redox-active sites can increase specific capacitance, improve electrical conductivity,
and enhance the stability of the electrode material over prolonged cycling.
Various tri-metal oxide combinations, such as Cobalt-Nickel-Iron (Co-Ni-Fe), Nickel-CobaltManganese
(Ni-Co-Mn), and Zinc-Copper-Titanium (Zn-Cu-Ti) oxides, have been investigated
for supercapacitor applications. These materials have demonstrated impressive electrochemical
performance, including high specific capacitance, superior rate capability, and excellent cycling
stability. For example, Co-Ni-Fe oxide nanostructures have achieved specific capacitances
exceeding 1500 F/g, with minimal capacitance degradation after thousands of charge-discharge
cycles.
The synthesis of tri-metal oxides typically involves techniques such as sol-gel, hydrothermal,
and solvothermal methods, which allow for precise control over the material's morphology,
particle size, and phase composition. In addition, hybrid materials that combine tri-metal oxides
with conductive substrates, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, or conducting polymers, have
been developed to further enhance performance by increasing electrical conductivity and
providing additional active sites for charge storage.
Despite these promising developments, challenges remain in scaling up the synthesis of trimetal
oxides, reducing production costs, and ensuring consistent performance across different
batches. Addressing these challenges is critical for the commercialization of tri-metal oxidebased
supercapacitors and their adoption in energy storage systems.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a novel method for synthesizing a tri-metal oxide composition,
specifically designed for use as electrode materials in high-performance supercapacitors. The
method employs a hydrothermal synthesis technique, wherein metal salts of Cobalt (Co), Nickel
(Ni), and Iron (Fe) are dissolved in a precursor solution. The pH of this solution is adjusted, and
the mixture is then subjected to controlled hydrothermal conditions in a Teflon-lined autoclave,
heated to temperatures between 150°C and 200°C for a duration of 12 to 24 hours.
Following synthesis, the solid product is collected, washed, dried, and optionally calcined to
enhance crystallinity and electrochemical properties. The resulting tri-metal oxide exhibits
superior performance characteristics, including high capacitance, enhanced conductivity, and
improved cycling stability, making it particularly suitable for supercapacitor applications.
The invention also includes variations in the synthesis process, such as adjusting the molar ratio
of the metals and combining the tri-metal oxide with conductive materials like graphene or
carbon nanotubes to further optimize the performance of the supercapacitor electrodes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention aims to address the limitations of conventional supercapacitor materials
by providing a novel tri-metal oxide composition for use in supercapacitor electrodes. This
invention offers a synergistic combination of metals to achieve superior electrochemical
performance, including high capacitance, enhanced conductivity, and improved cycling
stability. The invention also includes methods for synthesizing these tri-metal oxide materials
and their integration into supercapacitor devices.

CLAIMS
I. A method for synthesizing a tri-metal oxide composition for use in supercapacitor
electrodes, comprising the steps of:
4 Preparing a precursor solution by dissolving metal salts of Cobalt (Co), Nickel
(Ni), and Iron (Fe) in a solvent, wherein the metal salts are selected from the group
consisting of cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, and iron nitrate.
_,. Adjusting the Ph of the precursor solution to a range between 8 and I 0 using a
basic solution, wherein the basic solution is selected from the group consisting of
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or ammonia (NH,· H20).
_. Transferring the precursor solution into a hydrothermal reactor, wherein the
reactor is a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave .
.Q. Heating the reactor to a temperature in the range of 150°C to 200°C and
maintaining this temperature for a duration of 12 to 24 hours to induce the
formation of the tri-metal oxide materiaL
.Y. Cooling the reactor to room temperature naturally, followed by collecting the
resulting solid product through filtration or centrifugation .
.Y. Washing the collected solid product with deionized water and ethanol multiple
times to remove any impurities or unreacted precursors .
.Q. Drying the washed solid at a temperature in the range of 60°C to 80°C for 12 to
24 hours to obtain a powder form of the tri-metal oxide.
.Q. Optionally calcining the dried powder at a temperature in the range of 300°C to
500 oc for 2 to 4 hours to enhance crystallinity and improve electrochemical
properties of the tri-metal oxide composition.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), and Iron (Fe)
in the precursor solution is maintained in a specific ratio, such as I: I: I, to achieve optimal
electrochemical performance in the resulting tri-metal oxide composition.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal synthesis is carried out under a specific
pressure, generated autogenously within the sealed reactor, to facilitate the growth of the trimetal
oxide crystals.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of combining the tri-metal oxide
powder with a conductive material, selected from graphene or carbon nanotubes, to form a
composite electrode material for enhanced performance in supercapacitor applications.

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