Solar Tracking and Automatic Irrigation

Abstract

Solar Tracking and Automatic Irrigation is a modern solution Designed to enhance agriculture by improving water management, increasing Crop yields, and reducing environmental impact. It addresses challenges such as water scarcity and climate change that affect traditional irrigation methods. The Solar Tracking and Automatic Irrigation integrates essential components: Soil moisture sensors for precise scheduling, weather data for informed Decisions and real-time monitoring with intelligent algorithms for effective Irrigation. This system focuses on conserving electricity and water. Automating the irrigation setup is to enable remote control and monitoring of the status of the setup even when farmer is away from the location. This paper proposes a new system with the use of advanced sensors and a Telegram Bot to provide SMS acknowledgment whenever there is any critical action that is initiated during the process. This includes water being pumped in excess to a crop, there is too much of sunlight for a sustained period and many other critical situations. The farmer will then have opportunity to, ARDUINO UNO, DC WATER PUMP, Moister Sensor, take necessary action It offers a Sustainable solution for agriculture by optimizing water usage, improving crop Yields, and reducing resource consumption.

Specification

Description:The architectural design has been constructed to communicate with a number of sensors in order to monitor natural conditions:
Solar Tracking Subsystem:
The system employs NODE MCU ESP8266 microcontroller and light sensors or photodiodes to track the sun's movement.
Automatic Irrigation Subsystem:
• Soil moisture sensors and DHT 11 temperature sensors monitor soil and environmental conditions.
Integration and Communication:
• The system integrates weather data analytics to adapt irrigation schedules based on climatic conditions.

Operation:

The operation of the Solar Tracking and Automatic Irrigation System is outlined in a methodical way, focusing on efficient solar energy capture and optimal irrigation practices based on real-time environmental data Initialization and Alignment:

1. Solar Tracking for Efficient Energy Generation:
• The system begins by using light sensors or photodiodes to continuously monitor the intensity and direction of sunlight throughout the day.
• These sensors provide real-time data to the microcontroller (NODE MCU ESP8266), which runs algorithms to determine the deviation between the current solar panel position and the sun's optimal angle.
2. Automatic Irrigation for Optimal Plant Care:
• Soil moisture sensors continuously monitor the moisture level in the soil, while DHT11 temperature sensors track ambient temperature.
• The data from these sensors is transmitted to the central microcontroller, which compares the moisture level against a predefined threshold.
3. Integrated Monitoring and Control:
• The system includes a Telegram bot that allows farmers to remotely monitor and control irrigation and solar tracking operations.
• Farmers receive real-time notifications on their mobile devices about critical conditions, such as soil moisture levels, excess sunlight, or system errors (e.g., pump failure).
4. Synergy between Solar Tracking and Irrigation:
• The microcontroller coordinates both the solar tracking and irrigation subsystems, ensuring that energy generated by the solar panels is efficiently utilized to power the irrigation system.
• During periods of high sunlight, the system may prioritize irrigation if soil moisture levels are low, leveraging the available solar energy for agricultural use.
, Claims:1. A solar tracking subsystem configured to track the sun's movement in real time and adjust the orientation of solar panels to maximize sunlight capture, using one or more light sensors, a microcontroller, and a motorized actuation mechanism
2.A dual-axis tracking mechanism configured to adjust the solar panels' position horizontally and vertically for optimal solar energy absorption throughout the day.

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