SOLAR DRYER SYSTEM

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a solar dryer system (100) comprises a solar collector (102) positioned at an angle suitable for capturing optimal sunlight and configured to convert solar energy into heat, a drying chamber (104) configured to receive and retain heat from the solar collector (102), facilitating controlled crop drying conditions. The drying chamber (104) further comprises a humidity sensor (106) connected to the microcontroller (114), positioned within the drying chamber (104) and configured to measure humidity and temperature for optimal crop drying and a heating element (108) connected to the microcontroller (114), positioned within the drying chamber (104) and configured to provide supplementary heat during low solar radiation periods. The system (100) includes a motor driver (110) connected to the drying chamber (104), and configured to control the speed and direction of airflow from fans in the drying chamber (104), and a DC fan (112).

Specification

Description:FIELD OF DISCLOSURE
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to a solar dryer system, more specifically, relates to a system for drying and preserving crops.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] In many agricultural regions, particularly in developing areas, inadequate post-harvest preservation methods lead to substantial crop losses, impacting food security and farmer incomes. Traditional drying methods, such as open-air drying, expose crops to dust, pests, moisture fluctuations, and unpredictable weather, often resulting in quality degradation and economic loss. Addressing these issues has become essential to support sustainable agriculture and reduce food waste.
[0003] Solar drying systems offer a practical and energy-efficient solution to these challenges by using solar energy to remove moisture from crops under controlled conditions. These systems capture solar radiation, convert it to heat, and use this heat to effectively dry crops, minimizing exposure to contaminants. By reducing reliance on external power sources, solar dryer systems provide a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods, promoting food security and enhancing crop quality, particularly in areas where electricity and fuel resources are scarce.
[0004] Additionally, solar dryers are adaptable, making them suitable for preserving a wide variety of crops, which adds flexibility for smallholder farmers. These systems offer faster drying times and better quality control, helping retain the nutritional value, color, and integrity of the produce. By reducing post-harvest losses, solar drying technology not only helps farmers protect their harvests but also provides an opportunity to add value to their products, potentially increasing income and market access. Overall, solar dryers support sustainable agricultural practices, contributing to resilient food systems and economic stability for farming communities.
[0005] Existing solar drying systems often rely heavily on external energy sources, such as electricity or fossil fuels, to supplement drying processes, especially during periods of low sunlight or unfavorable weather. This reliance not only increases operational costs but also impacts environmental sustainability, as fuel-based systems contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, in remote or rural regions, access to such energy sources can be inconsistent, making these systems less viable for smallholder farmers. The dependence on non-renewable energy diminishes the appeal of these systems for communities that would benefit most from affordable and eco-friendly drying solutions.
[0006] Another significant drawback of prior solar drying systems is their limited ability to control key parameters like temperature and humidity, which are crucial for effective crop drying and preservation. Without precise control, crops may undergo uneven drying, which can lead to spoilage, reduced quality, or potential health risks due to mold or bacterial growth. Many existing models offer little to no insulation or protective enclosures, leaving crops exposed to contaminants, pests, and environmental fluctuations. This exposure compromises the quality and safety of the produce, particularly for crops that require specific drying conditions to retain their nutritional value and color.
[0007] Traditional solar dryers are often bulky and challenging to install, making them impractical for smaller farms or areas with limited space. Their design typically lacks versatility, restricting the drying system to only certain types of crops, which limits its utility for farmers with diverse produce. Furthermore, the operation of many conventional dryers is complex, requiring regular human intervention to manage airflow or adjust drying times. This increases labor demands and costs, making these systems less accessible for farmers with limited technical expertise or labor resources. The lack of built-in backup options, such as alternative heat sources, also means that drying cycles are often interrupted during cloudy days or low sunlight periods, leading to inconsistent drying outcomes and reducing the reliability of the systems for long-term crop preservation.
[0008] The present disclosure offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution by utilizing solar energy more efficiently, significantly reducing dependency on external power sources. This makes it ideal for remote and rural areas with limited access to electricity or fuel resources, lowering operational costs and environmental impact.
[0009] Unlike conventional drying systems, this invention integrates advanced temperature and humidity control, ensuring consistent and uniform drying conditions. This controlled environment minimizes spoilage risks and maintains the nutritional value, color, and quality of the crops, which is particularly beneficial for sensitive produce.
[0010] The system is compact and space-efficient, making it suitable for smallholder farms or areas with limited space. Its design is adaptable for drying various types of crops, offering flexibility and versatility that can accommodate the diverse needs of farmers. This adaptability enhances the system's utility across different agricultural settings.
[0011] The system solves the common issue of inconsistent drying caused by variable weather conditions by incorporating a backup heating element, which ensures continuous operation even during periods of low sunlight. This hybrid approach increases reliability, enabling farmers to preserve their crops effectively regardless of external conditions.
[0012] Thus, in light of the above-stated discussion, there exists a need for a solar dryer system for drying and preserving crops.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0013] The following is a summary description of illustrative embodiments of the invention. It is provided as a preface to assist those skilled in the art to more rapidly assimilate the detailed design discussion which ensues and is not intended in any way to limit the scope of the claims which are appended hereto in order to particularly point out the invention.
[0014] According to illustrative embodiments, the present disclosure focuses on a system for drying and preserving crops, which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages or provide the users with a useful or commercial choice.
[0015] An objective of the present disclosure is to reduce post-harvest losses of crops by providing a reliable, efficient, and user-friendly drying solution that preserves the quality and integrity of agricultural products, addressing the critical need for sustainable crop preservation in developing regions.
[0016] Another objective of the present disclosure is to utilize renewable solar energy as the primary source for the drying process, thereby minimizing reliance on costly and limited external power sources, and making the system an affordable, eco-friendly option that supports sustainable agricultural practices.
[0017] Another objective of the present disclosure is to create a controlled drying environment with adjustable temperature and humidity settings to ensure uniform moisture removal, preventing uneven drying, spoilage, or quality degradation, which are common in traditional drying methods.
[0018] Another objective of the present disclosure is to develop a compact, space-efficient design that can be easily integrated into small farms or areas with limited space, making it an accessible and practical tool for smallholder farmers in rural and remote areas.
[0019] Another objective of the present disclosure is to design a versatile system that can be adapted to dry a variety of crop types, enabling farmers to use a single, efficient solution for preserving different agricultural products, which enhances its utility and cost-effectiveness.
[0020] Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to incorporate a backup heating element within the system to maintain consistent drying conditions during periods of low sunlight, ensuring uninterrupted drying cycles and reliable crop preservation regardless of external weather conditions.
[0021] In light of the above, in one aspect of the present disclosure, a solar dryer system for drying and preserving crops is disclosed herein. The system comprises a solar collector positioned at an angle suitable for capturing optimal sunlight and configured to convert solar energy into heat, a drying chamber configured to receive and retain heat from the solar collector, facilitating controlled crop drying conditions. The drying chamber further comprises a humidity sensor positioned within the drying chamber and configured to measure humidity and temperature for optimal crop drying and a heating element positioned within the drying chamber and configured to provide supplementary heat during low solar radiation periods. The system also includes a motor driver connected to the drying chamber, and configured to control the speed and direction of airflow from fans in the drying chamber, and a DC fan connected to the motor driver, and configured to circulate air through the drying chamber. The system also includes a microcontroller connected to the drying chamber and motor driver, and configured to monitor and control drying conditions based on real-time data.
[0022] In one embodiment, the solar collector further comprises a black-painted corrugated aluminum sheet coupled to an insulating layer, configured to maximize heat absorption from solar energy.
[0023] In one embodiment, the system further comprises an air inlet positioned at the base of the solar collector, configured to draw in ambient air for preheating before it enters the drying chamber.
[0024] In one embodiment, the drying chamber further comprises an aluminum construction with fiberglass insulation, configured to retain heat effectively and provide an optimal drying environment.
[0025] In one embodiment, the drying chamber is additionally configured to function as a storage box, allowing it to store dried crops at a regulated temperature and humidity to preserve crop quality.
[0026] In one embodiment, the drying chamber is configured to minimize human intervention by automating humidity, temperature, and airflow control based on real-time sensor inputs and programmed logic.
[0027] In one embodiment, the DC fan operates at a predefined average airspeed, configured to facilitate consistent heat distribution within the drying chamber.
[0028] In one embodiment, the microcontroller is further configured to automate airflow and heating adjustments based on crop-specific requirements.
[0029] In one embodiment, the microcontroller is programmable to adjust the temperature and humidity thresholds for various crop types, enabling customization based on crop-specific drying requirements.
[0030] In light of the above, in another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for drying and preserving crops using the solar dryer system. The method comprises converting solar energy into heat via a solar collector. The method includes receiving and retaining heat from the solar collector. The method also includes facilitating controlled crop drying conditions via a drying chamber. The method also includes measuring humidity and temperature for optimal crop drying via a humidity sensor. The method also includes providing supplementary heat during low solar radiation periods via a heating element. The method also includes controlling the speed and direction of airflow from fans in the drying chamber via a motor driver. The method also includes circulating air through the drying chamber via a DC fan. The method also includes monitoring and controlling drying conditions based on real-time data via a microcontroller.
[0031] These and other advantages will be apparent from the present application of the embodiments described herein.
[0032] The preceding is a simplified summary to provide an understanding of some embodiments of the present invention. This summary is neither an extensive nor exhaustive overview of the present invention and its various embodiments.
[0033] The summary presents selected concepts of the embodiments of the present invention in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description presented below. As will be appreciated, other embodiments of the present invention are possible utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth above or described in detail below.
[0034] These elements, together with the other aspects of the present disclosure and various features are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and form a part of the present disclosure. For a better understanding of the present disclosure, its operating advantages, and the specified object attained by its uses, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly describes the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments or the prior art. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description merely show some embodiments of the present disclosure, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can derive other implementations from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts. All of the embodiments or the implementations shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0036] The advantages and features of the present disclosure will become better understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
[0037] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a solar dryer system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the system having flat plate collector, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the system having drying chamber, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0040] FIG. 4 illustrates a system flow diagram of a method, outlining the sequential steps involved in the solar dryer system for drying and preserving crops, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0041] Like reference, numerals refer to like parts throughout the description of several views of the drawing.
[0042] The solar dryer system is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which like reference letters indicate corresponding parts in the various figures. It should be noted that the accompanying figure is intended to present illustrations of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. This figure is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. It should also be noted that the accompanying figure is not necessarily drawn to scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0043] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
[0044] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. It may be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without some of these specific details.
[0045] Various terms as used herein are shown below. To the extent a term is used, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0046] The terms "a" and "an" herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.
[0047] The terms "having", "comprising", "including", and variations thereof signify the presence of a component.
[0048] Referring now to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 to describe various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a solar dryer system 100, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0049] The system 100 may include a solar collector 102, a drying chamber 104, a humidity sensor 106, a heating element 108, a motor driver 110, a DC fan 112 and a microcontroller 114.
[0050] The solar collector 102 is a top-open wooden box measuring 1140 x 700 x 100 mm, made from 18 mm thick plywood. It is designed to capture and convert solar energy into heat, providing the primary energy source for the drying process. This collector features a black-painted corrugated aluminum sheet on top, which maximizes heat absorption by increasing the effective surface area exposed to sunlight. The interior of the collector is lined with an insulating layer of aluminum foil to reduce heat loss, improving the efficiency of the energy transfer. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solar collector 102 serves as the main heat source for the system, channeling warm air directly into the drying chamber 104. By efficiently converting sunlight into usable heat, it enables an eco-friendly, cost-effective drying solution ideal for smallholder farmers.
[0051] In one embodiment of the present invention, the solar collector 102 further comprises a black-painted corrugated aluminum sheet coupled to an insulating layer, configured to maximize heat absorption from solar energy. It enhances the heat retention capability of the collector, allowing the system to achieve and maintain higher temperatures for extended periods. The black color on the aluminum sheet increases absorption of sunlight, while the corrugated design improves airflow and heat distribution, ensuring uniform heating. This configuration provides an optimized heat source, even in areas with variable sunlight, ensuring consistent drying.
[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, the system further comprises an air inlet positioned at the base of the solar collector 102, configured to draw in ambient air for preheating before it enters the drying chamber 104. It operates with the aid of a computer fan that facilitates airflow into the collector. This design allows ambient air to be preheated by passing over the aluminum sheet before entering the drying chamber 104, increasing the overall thermal efficiency of the system. By preheating the air, the collector ensures that the drying chamber 104 receives warm air consistently, which enhances the drying process and minimizes energy loss, making it more sustainable and effective for crop preservation.
[0053] The drying chamber 104 is an insulated enclosure made of lightweight aluminum, designed to retain and evenly distribute heat within its confines to facilitate the drying of crops. It is equipped with fiberglass insulation on its interior surfaces, which prevents heat loss and maintains a steady temperature for effective drying. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drying chamber 104 is a well-sealed, insulated box that acts as the main site for crop drying. Hot air from the solar collector 102 is directed into this chamber, where it circulates to ensure uniform drying conditions. By keeping the heat consistent and reducing the need for external heating sources, the drying chamber 104 plays a crucial role in the system's energy efficiency and effectiveness.
[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the drying chamber 104 further comprises an aluminum construction with fiberglass insulation, configured to retain heat effectively and provide an optimal drying environment. It utilizes the thermal properties of aluminum, which is both lightweight and durable, to create a stable environment while minimizing energy loss. The fiberglass insulation helps to trap heat within the chamber, making the drying process more efficient and ensuring that crops are dried uniformly, preserving their quality and reducing spoilage.
[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the drying chamber 104 is additionally configured to function as a storage box, allowing it to store dried crops at a regulated temperature and humidity to preserve crop quality. It serves a dual purpose, both as a drying unit and as a controlled environment for crop storage. This functionality is particularly beneficial in regions with variable humidity, as it allows farmers to keep their crops in optimal conditions after drying, extending the shelf life of the produce without requiring additional storage facilities.
[0056] In one embodiment of the present invention, the drying chamber 104 is configured to minimize human intervention by automating humidity, temperature, and airflow control based on real-time sensor inputs and programmed logic. It receives data from sensors, such as a DHT11 humidity sensor 106, which allows the system to adjust conditions within the chamber automatically. This automation ensures that crops are dried and stored under optimal conditions, significantly reducing the need for manual adjustments. By maintaining precise control over the drying process, the drying chamber 104 enhances the system's reliability and ease of use, making it a practical solution for farmers seeking low-maintenance crop preservation methods.
[0057] The humidity sensor 106 is a sensor designed to measure the relative humidity and temperature within the drying chamber 104. It is a compact, low-cost sensor that provides accurate readings essential for maintaining the optimal drying conditions for crops. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the humidity sensor 106 is a DHT11 unit that continuously monitors the moisture level within the drying chamber 104. By supplying real-time data to the microcontroller 114, the humidity sensor 106 enables the system to make precise adjustments to fan speed and heating, ensuring that humidity levels are kept within the ideal range for crop preservation.
[0058] The heating element 108 is a ceramic electric heating component used as a supplemental heat source in the drying chamber 104. It is durable and efficient, capable of providing consistent heat to maintain the chamber temperature when solar energy is insufficient, such as during low sunlight or nighttime conditions. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating element 108 is a ceramic-based unit that operates automatically based on signals from the microcontroller 114. When the sensor data indicates that the chamber temperature is falling below the required threshold, the microcontroller 114 activates the heating element 108, thus ensuring the drying process continues without interruption and maintaining stable conditions for crop preservation.
[0059] The motor driver 110 is a module responsible for controlling the DC fan 112 that circulates air within the system. It is capable of regulating the fan's speed and direction, providing flexible airflow control to optimize the drying conditions within the chamber. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the motor driver 110 is an L298N module that interfaces with the microcontroller 114 to receive commands based on real-time sensor data. This component allows the system to adjust the fan speed dynamically, ensuring proper air circulation and even drying of crops. By managing airflow effectively, the motor driver 110 enhances the overall efficiency of the drying process.
[0060] The DC fan 112 is a brushless fan designed to create airflow within the solar dryer system. It is responsible for circulating hot air from the solar collector 102 into the drying chamber 104, ensuring that heat is distributed evenly across the drying space. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the DC fan 112 is a brushless 12V unit, chosen for its energy efficiency and reliability in prolonged operation. This fan plays a vital role in maintaining consistent air movement, which prevents hot spots and ensures uniform drying of the crops within the chamber.
[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the DC fan 112 operates at a predefined average airspeed, configured to facilitate consistent heat distribution within the drying chamber 104. It draws in preheated air from the solar collector 102 and distributes it throughout the chamber, maintaining the optimal conditions necessary for effective drying. The fan speed can be dynamically adjusted by the motor driver 110 based on real-time data from the humidity and temperature sensors. This controlled airflow mechanism helps achieve balanced drying, reduces moisture retention in the crops, and enhances the overall efficiency of the drying process.
[0062] The microcontroller 114 is an Arduino Uno unit that serves as the central control system for the solar dryer, processing input from sensors and coordinating the actions of other components. It is programmed to manage various functions, including fan speed, heating element 108 activation, and overall system monitoring, to maintain optimal drying conditions. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microcontroller 114 is an Arduino Uno, chosen for its versatility, ease of programming, and compatibility with sensor and motor components. It plays a crucial role in automating the drying process, reducing the need for manual intervention, and ensuring a consistent and efficient drying environment for the crops.
[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, the microcontroller 114 is programmable to adjust the temperature and humidity thresholds for various crop types, enabling customization based on crop-specific drying requirements. It processes real-time data from the humidity and temperature sensors and adjusts system parameters to ensure that conditions within the drying chamber 104 remain within the optimal range. This customization capability allows the dryer to adapt to the unique drying profiles of different crops, enhancing preservation quality and preventing over- or under-drying. By dynamically managing fan speed and activating the heating element 108 as needed, the microcontroller 114 ensures consistent drying conditions, contributing significantly to the system's efficiency and reliability.
[0064] FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the system 100 having flat plate collector, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0065] The system is designed to leverage solar energy for crop drying, with each component strategically positioned to maximize efficiency. The flat plate collector is angled to capture sunlight effectively, and the drying chamber is positioned to receive heated air directly from the collector. This arrangement ensures a consistent flow of warm air into the drying chamber, facilitating the drying of crops under controlled environmental conditions. This perspective view highlights the overall structural layout, showcasing how the components work together to reduce post-harvest losses in an eco-friendly and cost-effective manner.
[0066] The system uses a flat plate collector equipped with a corrugated aluminum sheet that absorbs and retains solar heat. This absorbed heat is then channeled into the drying chamber, where it circulates around the crops to dry them uniformly. By directing warm air from the collector into the drying chamber, the system ensures optimal drying conditions, which helps in preventing spoilage due to moisture. The system's design minimizes dependence on external power sources by utilizing solar energy, making it a sustainable solution for smallholder farmers looking to preserve crop quality.
[0067] FIG. 2.1 provides a detailed side view of the flat plate collector, illustrating its dimensions and the specific angle of tilt designed to optimize solar exposure. The collector is set at an angle of 23°, which corresponds to the latitude of the region where the system is intended for use. This angle ensures that the collector captures the maximum possible solar radiation throughout the day. Additionally, the figure shows the thickness and length of the collector, which are engineered to support effective heat collection and airflow, essential for maintaining a consistent temperature inside the drying chamber. This side view helps demonstrate how the system's design is tailored to capture and utilize solar energy in a specific geographical context.
[0068] FIG. 2.2 presents a top view of the flat plate collector, detailing the layout of the corrugated aluminum sheet and its dimensions, such as a width of 0.66 meters. This view highlights the structural arrangement that allows for optimal heat absorption across the surface. The corrugated design of the aluminum sheet enhances airflow within the collector, which promotes even heating and minimizes the formation of cool spots. The width and layout are specifically designed to balance effective heat collection with airflow control, ensuring that the system generates a steady stream of warm air to be directed into the drying chamber. This top view emphasizes the compact yet efficient design of the collector, which is integral to the system's overall performance.
[0069] FIG. 2.3 shows an isometric view of the system, illustrating the flat plate collector mounted at an angle to capture sunlight optimally. This view provides a three-dimensional perspective of the system's integrated structure, with the solar collector, air inlet, and drying chamber all positioned for seamless operation. The isometric layout emphasizes how the solar energy is collected by the flat plate collector and efficiently transferred into the drying chamber through controlled airflow. This integrated setup is designed for maximum functionality, where the collector and chamber work in unison to provide a self-sustaining drying environment. By capturing, retaining, and circulating solar heat effectively, the system ensures that crops are dried evenly, reducing the risk of spoilage and enhancing storage longevity.
[0070] FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the system 100, specifically focusing on the drying chamber, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The drying chamber is elevated to facilitate airflow and improve the drying efficiency by allowing heated air from the solar collector to enter freely. This elevation provides sufficient space for air to circulate beneath the chamber, enhancing the drying efficiency and ensuring even heat distribution throughout the chamber. The drying chamber is intended to hold crops at an optimal height to receive warm air from the solar collector, minimizing contact with ground-level contaminants and maintaining controlled conditions for effective drying.
[0071] The drying chamber consists of multiple layers, each designed to hold crops in a ventilated setup that allows warm air to flow through each layer evenly. The layers are spaced apart to prevent crops from clumping together, which could otherwise impede airflow and cause uneven drying. The chamber's design ensures that all crops receive consistent heat exposure, reducing the risk of spoilage due to residual moisture.
[0072] The frame supporting the drying chamber is sturdy and designed to hold the weight of the chamber and its contents while maintaining stability in outdoor conditions. The frame also raises the chamber to a height of 0.72 meters, which is optimal for receiving air from the solar collector and facilitating easy maintenance. This structure not only provides durability but also contributes to the efficiency of the drying process by ensuring that warm air can reach all levels of the chamber.
[0073] FIG. 3.1 shows a cross-sectional side view of the drying chamber, detailing the internal layers and spacing within the chamber. The chamber is 0.65 meters tall and has compartments spaced at regular intervals to provide adequate air circulation between layers. This configuration is designed to prevent heat loss and retain warmth for a longer duration, ensuring thorough drying of crops. The cross-sectional view illustrates the construction and thickness of each layer, which are optimized to hold crops securely while facilitating efficient drying.
[0074] FIG. 3.2 provides a front view of the drying chamber, showing the dimensions and layout of the drying shelves within the chamber. Each shelf has a depth that accommodates a substantial quantity of crops, with spacing set to maintain airflow without causing overcrowding. The front view also shows the overall height of the structure, emphasizing the elevated design that allows warm air to move upward through each layer, ensuring that all levels of crops are evenly exposed to drying heat.
[0075] FIG. 4 illustrates a system 100 flow diagram of a method 400, outlining the sequential steps involved in the solar dryer system 100 for drying and preserving crops, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0076] The method 400 may include at 402, converting solar energy into heat via a solar collector, at 404, receiving and retaining heat from the solar collector, at 406, facilitating controlled crop drying conditions via a drying chamber, at 408, measuring humidity and temperature for optimal crop drying via a humidity sensor, at 410, providing supplementary heat during low solar radiation periods via a heating element, at 412, controlling the speed and direction of airflow from fans in the drying chamber via a motor driver, at 414, circulating air through the drying chamber via a DC fan and at 416, monitoring and controlling drying conditions based on real-time data via a microcontroller.
[0077] The system initiates by converting solar energy into heat via a solar collector at step 402. The solar collector, designed with a black-painted corrugated aluminum sheet, absorbs solar radiation and converts it into heat. This heat is then directed toward the drying chamber, where it begins the drying process for the crops. The efficient conversion of solar energy allows the system to operate sustainably, relying primarily on renewable energy.
[0078] At step 404, the system receives and retains heat from the solar collector, which is transferred into the drying chamber. The drying chamber, insulated with materials such as fiberglass, ensures that the heat is effectively retained, creating a controlled environment for drying the crops. This retention of heat is essential for maintaining a stable drying temperature, even as the surrounding conditions fluctuate.
[0079] At step 406, the drying chamber facilitates controlled crop drying conditions, where the structure and insulation of the chamber maintain an even distribution of heat around the crops. The crops are placed on multiple shelves or layers within the chamber, allowing warm air to flow through and around each layer, ensuring uniform drying across all levels. This controlled environment is critical for preserving the quality of the crops by preventing uneven drying.
[0080] Step 408 involves measuring humidity and temperature within the drying chamber via a humidity sensor. The humidity sensor continuously monitors the moisture levels and temperature within the chamber, providing real-time data to the microcontroller. This data is essential for the system to make precise adjustments, ensuring that the crops are dried at optimal humidity levels to avoid spoilage.
[0081] At step 410, the system provides supplementary heat during low solar radiation periods using a heating element. During times of low sunlight or at night, the heating element, controlled by the microcontroller, activates to maintain the required drying temperature. This supplementary heat source acts as a backup to the solar collector, ensuring continuous drying conditions even when solar energy is insufficient.
[0082] Step 412 focuses on controlling the speed and direction of airflow within the drying chamber via a motor driver. The motor driver regulates the DC fan's operation, adjusting its speed and, if necessary, the direction of airflow based on data from the sensors. This controlled airflow helps distribute heat evenly throughout the drying chamber, ensuring that all crops receive consistent exposure to warm air.
[0083] At step 414, the system circulates air through the drying chamber via a DC fan. The fan, powered by the motor driver, facilitates the movement of warm air from the solar collector through each layer of crops. This circulation is essential for preventing stagnant air pockets, which could lead to uneven drying and potential crop spoilage. The fan ensures that fresh, heated air continuously flows through the chamber.
[0084] Finally, at step 416, the microcontroller monitors and controls drying conditions based on real-time data received from the humidity sensor and other inputs. The microcontroller adjusts the operation of the fan, heating element, and motor driver to maintain optimal drying conditions automatically. This automated control reduces the need for human intervention, making the system user-friendly and reliable.
[0085] This method enables a self-sustaining, efficient drying process for crops, leveraging solar energy as the primary heat source while incorporating real-time monitoring and automated control to ensure consistent quality preservation. The system's design aims to minimize post-harvest losses by providing a reliable and environmentally friendly solution for crop drying and storage.
[0086] While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and various embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims.
[0087] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and algorithm steps may be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof.
[0088] The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present disclosure to the precise forms disclosed, and many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described to best explain the principles of the present disclosure and its practical application, and to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the present disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but such omissions and substitutions are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0089] Disjunctive language such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, Z," unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may be either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and should not, imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present.
[0090] In a case that no conflict occurs, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments may be mutually combined. The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
, Claims:I/We Claim:
1. A solar dryer system (100) for drying and preserving crops, the system (100) comprising:
a solar collector (102) positioned at an angle suitable for capturing optimal sunlight and configured to convert solar energy into heat;
a drying chamber (104) configured to receive and retain heat from the solar collector (102), facilitating controlled crop drying conditions, wherein the drying chamber (104) further comprises:
a humidity sensor (106) positioned within the drying chamber (104) and configured to measure humidity and temperature for optimal crop drying;
a heating element (108) positioned within the drying chamber (104) and configured to provide supplementary heat during low solar radiation periods;
a motor driver (110) connected to the drying chamber (104), and configured to control the speed and direction of airflow from fans in the drying chamber (104);
a DC fan (112) connected to the motor driver (110), and configured to circulate air through the drying chamber (104); and
a microcontroller (114) connected to the drying chamber (104) and motor driver (110), and configured to monitor and control drying conditions based on real-time data.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solar collector (102) further comprises a black-painted corrugated aluminum sheet coupled to an insulating layer, configured to maximize heat absorption from solar energy.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system () further comprises an air inlet positioned at the base of the solar collector (102), configured to draw in ambient air for preheating before it enters the drying chamber (104).
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying chamber (104) further comprises an aluminum construction with fiberglass insulation, configured to retain heat effectively and provide an optimal drying environment.
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying chamber (104) is additionally configured to function as a storage box, allowing it to store dried crops at a regulated temperature and humidity to preserve crop quality.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying chamber (104) is configured to minimize human intervention by automating humidity, temperature, and airflow control based on real-time sensor inputs and programmed logic.
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the DC fan (112) operates at a predefined average airspeed, configured to facilitate consistent heat distribution within the drying chamber (104).
8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (114) is further configured to automate airflow and heating adjustments based on crop-specific requirements.
9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (114) is programmable to adjust the temperature and humidity thresholds for various crop types, enabling customization based on crop-specific drying requirements.
10. A method (400) for drying and preserving crops using a solar dryer system (100), the method (400) comprising:
converting solar energy into heat via a solar collector (102);
receiving and retaining heat from the solar collector (102);
facilitating controlled crop drying conditions via a drying chamber (104);
measuring humidity and temperature for optimal crop drying via a humidity sensor (106);
providing supplementary heat during low solar radiation periods via a heating element (108);
controlling the speed and direction of airflow from fans in the drying chamber (104) via a motor driver (110);
circulating air through the drying chamber (104) via a DC fan (112); and
monitoring and controlling drying conditions based on real-time data via a microcontroller (114).

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