REAL-TIME ADAPTIVE VENTILATOR CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ICU PATIENTS

Abstract

A Real; Time Adaptive Ventilator Control System (RTAVCS) for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients is designed to enhance ventilation treatment via continuous patient monitoring. The system incorporates IoT sensors that monitor critical physiological metrics like oxygen 5 saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate, blood pressure, and tidal volume. The ventilator processes these readings to alter parameters such as tidal volume, inspiratory pressure, and respiratory rate in real time, therefore assuring customised breathing assistance. The RTAVCS adapts to changes in the patient’s state, delivering appropriate ventilation for ailments such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), hypoxaemia, and hypercapnia. The technology boosts 10 respiratory outcomes, mitigates the risk of ventilator-associated problems, and improves overall patient care in ICU settings by adjusting to the patient's changing demands. This method reduces human involvement, offering automatic modifications to ventilator settings according to real-time data, so guaranteeing prompt and precise care for critically sick patients.

Specification

Field of Invention
The Real-Time Adaptive Ventilator Control System (RTAVCS) is designed to provide optimised ventilatory assistance for ICU patients via the continuous monitoring and adjustment of ventilation settings based on real-time patient data. The system employs IoT sensors to monitor essential physiological parameters like oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate, tidal volume, and blood pressure. The data is delivered wirelessly to a centralised system that interprets the information and automatically modifies ventilator parameters, such as tidal volume, inspiratory pressure, and respiratory rate, to provide optimum oxygenation and ventilation. The RTAVCS adapts in real-time to changes in the patient's state, guaranteeing that ventilation assistance is consistently tailored to the patient's current requirements. The system incorporates alert systems to inform healthcare personnel when any metrics exceed safe thresholds, facilitating prompt action. The technology boosts patient safety minimises problems such as hypercapnia and hypoxaemia and improves overall ICU care efficiency by decreasing the need for manual modifications, so enabling healthcare staff to concentrate more on patient outcomes.


Background of Invention
When people are very sick, their breathing problems are getting more complicated ICUs need more advanced air control devices. Traditional motorised ventilators often need to be adjusted by hand after regular checks of the patient's conditions, which can take time and lead 5 to mistakes. This problem shows how important it is to have a more flexible, automated system that can change based on how a patient is doing in real time. This problem is solved by the RTAVCS, which has Internet of Things (IoT) devices that constantly check critical signs like blood pressure, oxygen levels, breathing rate, and tidal volume. These devices send data in real time that is used to change the settings on the respirator automatically. This 10 makes sure that the treatment is tailored to the patient's current needs. By making changes at the right time, the device helps avoid problems like hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, and accidents related to ventilators. It also makes it easier for healthcare professionals to think clearly, so they can focus on making important decisions and taking care of patients. This invention is a big step towards better patient results in the ICU while also making respirator control more 15 reliable and efficient.


Summary of Invention
The RTAVCS employs many sensors and a microprocessor to incessantly monitor and modify ventilator settings according to the patient's state. The NodeMCU, a microcontroller with Wi-Fi capabilities, is fundamental to the system's functioning, facilitating data collection and transmission between the sensors and the ventilator. It serves as the interface for real­time data acquisition and processing, relaying information to the ventilator for prompt modifications depending on the identified physiological signals. The Pulse Oximeter is essential for monitoring a patient's oxygen saturation levels (SpO2). This sensor is non- invasive and continually quantifies the blood's oxygen saturation, offering critical insights into the patient's respiratory condition. Should the SpO2 levels drop beyond a specified threshold, the NodeMCU activates the ventilator to augment the oxygen delivery or modify other ventilator parameters to enhance the patient's oxygenation. Real-time monitoring of oxygen saturation is crucial for ensuring that the patient receives sufficient respiratory support, particularly in critical situations when oxygen levels may change quickly.
A pressure sensor is included into the system to measure airway pressure during breathing.
This sensor monitors both inspiratory and expiratory pressures, providing immediate feedback on the ventilator's performance. Elevated pressure may signify airway resistance or incorrect ventilator configurations, whilst diminished pressure might imply insufficient airflow or system leakage. The pressure sensor continually measures airway pressure to prevent the patient from experiencing high pressures that may result in ventilator-induced lung harm, including barotrauma. It enables the dynamic adjustment of ventilator settings to avert these complications and enhance ventilatory support. The Temperature Sensor monitors the temperature of the patient's breath, usually at the airway or inside the ventilator circuit.
Respiratory illnesses or certain diseases may modify body temperature, influencing ventilation needs. Monitoring this parameter enables the system to identify early indicators of fever or illness, perhaps necessitating an escalation in ventilator support or adjustments to its settings. Furthermore, maintaining an ideal temperature inside the ventilator circuit is crucial for averting issues such as condensation and guaranteeing the efficacy of gas delivery.
The breathing Effort Sensor delivers critical information about the patient's breathing effort.
This sensor monitors the patient's breathing rate and effort, ascertaining whether the patient is beginning breaths or depending entirely on the ventilator. It is crucial in selecting the appropriate ventilator mode, including assist-control or synchronised intermittent mandatory


ventilation (SIMV). Should the sensor identify insufficient breathing effort from the patient, the ventilator may be modified to provide more support. If the patient is breathing adequately independently, the system may decrease ventilator support, facilitating weaning or reducing superfluous mechanical help. The respiratory effort sensor ensures that ventilator settings remain consistently aligned with the patient's spontaneous breathing patterns, enhancing patient comfort and minimising ventilator-associated problems.


Detailed Description of Invention
An open-source development board that uses the ESP8266 microprocessor, the NodeMCU is multifunctional. Perfect for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, it integrates Wi-Fi with the simplicity of Arduino programming. Rapid development and deployment of IoT applications are made possible with the help of the NodeMCU's Lua-based firmware, GPIO pins, and built-in USB-to-serial converter. Thanks to its small size and affordable price, it has quickly become a favorite among professionals, students, and amateurs who are interested in building smart systems and linked gadgets.
A pulse oximeter is a medical device used to measure oxygen saturation levels in the blood. It works by emitting light wavelengths through the skin and detecting the amount of oxygen- carrying hemoglobin present. This non-invasive method provides real-time feedback on blood oxygen levels, crucial for monitoring respiratory function in patients with conditions such as asthma, COPD, or COVID-19. Pulse oximeters are commonly used in hospitals, clinics, and home settings, offering a simple yet essential tool for assessing patient health.
An electrical device that can detect the pressure of a gas or liquid is called a pressure sensor.
As the pressure varies, the sensing element generally deforms, and an electrical signal corresponding to the pressure is generated. Automotive systems, industrial gear, and medical equipment are just a few of the many places you could find these sensors in use. To avoid issues like barotrauma and maintain adequate breathing in critical conditions like ventilators, pressure sensors are crucial for monitoring airway pressure. Their dependability and precision make them vital for many different types of companies to keep their workers safe.
Electronic devices called pressure sensors can detect the pressure of gases and liquids. One common component is a pressure sensor, which may be bent or twisted to measure changes in pressure and then turned into an electrical signal with a linear relationship to that pressure.
These sensors find extensive usage in a variety of contexts, such as in medical equipment, industrial gear, and automobile systems. Pressure sensors are especially important in high- stakes settings like ventilators, where they measure airway pressure to avoid problems like barotrauma and guarantee adequate breathing. Due to their excellent dependability and precision, they are essential instruments for many sectors in ensuring safe operating
conditions.
The patient's respiratory effort may be tracked with the use of a respiratory effort sensor. As a
j
rule, it picks up on shifts in diaphragmatic excursion or the motion of the. chest wall, giving



useful information on breathing mechanics. Improving the patient-ventilator interface and overall respiratory support, this information is vital for ventilator management as it helps modify the ventilator settings to synchronize ventilation with the patient's normal breathing rhythm. Optimal ventilation methods, improved patient comfort, and reduced risk of 5 ventilator-associated problems are all greatly assisted by respiratory effort sensors in critical
care settings.


Detailed Description of Drawings (1) Figure (i) shows the Block Diagram (2) Figure (ii) shows the NodeMCU
An open-source development board that uses the ESP8266 microprocessor, the NodeMCU is 5 multifunctional. Perfect for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, it integrates Wi-Fi with the simplicity of Arduino programming. Rapid development and deployment of IoT applications are made possible with the help of the NodeMCU's Lua-based firmware, GPIO pins, and built-in USB-to-serial converter. Thanks to its small size and affordable price, it has quickly become a favorite among professionals, students, and amateurs who are interested in building 10 smart systems and linked gadgets. (3) Figure (iii) shows the Pulse Oximeter
A pulse oximeter is a medical device used to measure oxygen saturation levels in the blood. It works by emitting light wavelengths through the skin and detecting the amount of oxygen­carrying hemoglobin present. This non-invasive method provides real-time feedback on 15 blood oxygen levels, crucial for monitoring respiratory function in patients with conditions such as asthma, COPD, or COVID-19. Pulse oximeters are commonly used in hospitals, clinics, and home settings, offering a simple yet essential tool for assessing patient health.
(4) Figure (iv) shows the Pressure Sensor
An electrical device that can detect the pressure of a gas or liquid is called a pressure sensor. 20 As the pressure varies, the sensing element generally deforms, and an electrical signal corresponding to the pressure is generated. Automotive systems, industrial gear, and medical equipment are just a few of the many places you could find these sensors in use. To avoid issues like barotrauma and maintain adequate breathing in critical conditions like ventilators, pressure sensors are crucial for monitoring airway pressure. Their dependability and precision 25 make them vital for many different types of companies to keep their workers safe. (5) Figure (v) shows the Temperature Sensor Electronic devices called pressure sensors can detect the pressure of gases and liquids. One common component is a pressure sensor, which may be bent or twisted to measure changes in pressure and then turned into an electrical signal with a linear relationship to that pressure.

These sensors find extensive usage in a variety of contexts, such as in medical equipment,

industrial gear, and automobile systems. Pressure sensors are especially important in high- stakes settings like ventilators, where they measure airway pressure to avoid problems like barotratima and guarantee adequate breathing. Due to their excellent dependability and precision, they are essential instruments for many sectors in ensuring safe operating
5 conditions.
(6) Figure (vi) shows the Respiratory Effort Sensor The patient's respiratory effort may be tracked with the use of a respiratory effort sensor. As a rule, it picks up on shifts in diaphragmatic excursion or the motion of the chest wall, giving useful information on breathing mechanics. Improving the patient-ventilator interface and 10 overall respiratory support, this information is vital for ventilator management as it helps modify the ventilator settings to synchronize ventilation with the patient's normal breathing rhythm. Optimal ventilation methods, improved patient comfort, and reduced risk of ventilator-associated problems are all greatly assisted by respiratory effort sensors in critical
care settings.

Different Embodiment of Invention
5
10
a) A lightweight, portable RTAVCS developed for emergency situations that provides adaptive ventilation during travel or in critical care settings. b) RTAVCS may be connected to existing ICU ventilators, allowing for real-time adaptive modifications based on ongoing patient monitoring. c) Wearable IoT sensors provide continuous, non-invasive monitoring, with data sent to the ventilator system for personalised, real-time breathing management. d) A cloud-based monitoring software gathers data from numerous patients and allows healthcare practitioners to alter ventilator settings remotely for better treatment. e) The system uses rule-based Al to recommend ventilator settings, supporting physicians with condition-specific modifications without requiring real-time machine
learning.


Application of Invention
i. The technology allows for continuous, real-time monitoring and change of ventilator settings, guaranteeing appropriate respiratory assistance for critically sick patients in
ICUs.
ii. In emergency medical settings, such as ambulances or trauma units, the RTAVCS provides prompt and adaptive ventilatory assistance to patients during transit. iii. The device may be used for post-operative recovery, continually modifying ventilator settings to avoid issues such as hypoventilation and hypercapnia. iv. For patients with chronic diseases such as COPD or ARDS, the RTAVCS provides personalised ventilation changes depending on their changing respiratory demands. v. The device may be used in rural or distant healthcare settings, allowing adaptive ventilator management without the need for regular human intervention from
professionals
vi. The RTAVCS decreases the incidence of ventilator-associated problems including barotrauma and volutrauma by continually responding to the demands of the patient.



We Claim
The invention of Real-Time Adaptive Ventilator Control System for ICU Patients comprises
of:
1) The RTAVCS automatically modifies ventilator settings in real time to provide 5 adequate oxygenation and ventilation while lowering the risk of problems such as hypoxia or hypercapnia. 2) By reducing the need for manual modifications, the system enables healthcare staff to , concentrate on vital care activities, increasing total ICU productivity. 3) The device delivers personalised respiratory assistance by continually monitoring and 10 adjusting ventilator settings to fit each patient's specific requirements. 4) By making automated real-time modifications based on patient data, the RTAVCS reduces the chance of human mistake in ventilator control, resulting in more dependable patient care.

Documents