“PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR THE THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF LUMPY SKIN DISEASE IN LIVESTOCK”

Abstract

ABSTRACT 5 The present invention pertains to the field of alternative medicine, specifically Ayurveda, herbal medicines, and pharmacy (healthcare). More particularly, it relates to a phytotherapeutic formulation for the treatment and management of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in livestock, especially cattle. The formulation utilizes 10 a combination of plant-based extracts known for their antimicrobial, antiviral, antiinflammatory, and immune-boosting properties. .

Specification

Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to the 5 field of alternative medicine, specifically
Ayurveda, herbal medicines, and pharmacy (healthcare). More particularly, it
relates to a phytotherapeutic formulation for the treatment and management of
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in livestock, especially cattle. The formulation utilizes
a combination of plant-based extracts known for their antimicrobial, antiviral, anti10
inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV), is
a vector-borne viral infection that primarily affects cattle and other livestock. The
15 disease results in fever, the formation of nodules on the skin, and a significant
reduction in milk production and overall health, leading to substantial economic
losses. LSD is transmitted by insect vectors such as mosquitoes and biting flies.
Current treatments for LSD primarily involve vaccination and chemical antiviral
20 agents. However, these treatments often have limitations, such as side effects,
development of resistance, and environmental contamination. Additionally, there is
growing concern about the environmental impact of synthetic drugs and their
residue in animal products, such as milk and meat. As such, there is an increasing
need for natural, sustainable, and safer alternatives to manage and treat LSD in
25 livestock.
The present invention provides a novel phytotherapeutic formulation that offers a
safer, eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative to synthetic treatments. The
formulation uses various plant-based ingredients with proven antiviral, anti30
inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immune-boosting properties to manage and treat
LSD.
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To develop a phytotherapeutic formulation for the treatment and management of
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in livestock, particularly cattle.
To reduce reliance on chemical antiviral agents and provide a plant-based
alternative that minimizes side effects and environmental impact.
To enhance immune function, 5 reduce viral load, alleviate skin lesions, and promote
faster recovery in livestock affected by LSD.
To provide a cost-effective, sustainable, and accessible treatment for farmers,
particularly in rural regions.
To offer a formulation that addresses both the prevention and therapeutic
10 management of Lumpy Skin Disease.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a phytotherapeutic formulation designed to manage and
treat Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in livestock. This formulation contains a blend of
15 plant-based extracts, each selected for its active compounds known to inhibit viral
replication, reduce inflammation, control secondary bacterial infections, and
enhance immune responses in livestock.
The formulation is available in both oral and topical forms, making it flexible in
20 terms of administration. It aims to reduce the dependency on chemical antiviral
agents, mitigate their adverse effects, and offer a sustainable, eco-friendly
alternative. The key ingredients in the formulation include Tulsi, Neem, Ginger,
Garlic, Ashwagandha, Guggul, Liquorice, Coriander, Harda, Andrographis
paniculata, Turmeric, Papaya, Grapefruit extract, Calendula, and Carrot extract.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure.
The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure.
However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated
30 variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all
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modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the
present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification which follow,
the word "comprise" and variations thereof, such as, "comprises" and "comprising"
are 5 to be construed in an open, inclusive sense that is as "including, but not limited
to."
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment"
means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection
with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances
10 of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places
throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same
embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may
be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
The headings and abstract of the invention provided herein are for convenience only
15 and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.
The present invention relates to a phytotherapeutic formulation developed for the
therapeutic management of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in livestock, particularly
cattle. LSD, a viral infection caused by the Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV),
significantly impacts the health of cattle and leads to substantial economic losses in
20 the livestock industry. The disease is transmitted primarily by vector insects such
as mosquitoes and biting flies, leading to symptoms such as fever, nodules on the
skin, and severe discomfort, ultimately affecting the productivity and wellbeing of
affected animals.
Traditional treatments for LSD rely on vaccines and chemical antiviral agents,
25 which, while effective to some extent, often have side effects such as toxicity,
environmental contamination, and development of resistance in the virus.
Moreover, the use of chemical treatments can adversely affect the health of the
livestock, with potential harm to crops and the environment due to pesticide residue.
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In light of these challenges, there is an increasing need for safer, sustainable, and
natural alternatives to manage and treat LSD.
The present invention proposes a phytotherapeutic solution utilizing a blend of
plant-based extracts, each selected for their antiviral, anti-inflammatory,
immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and 5 antioxidant properties. The formulation is
designed to not only alleviate the clinical symptoms of LSD but also enhance the
immune response, reduce viral load, and promote the healing of skin lesions
associated with the disease. The key plant ingredients in the formulation have been
chosen based on their traditional medicinal use and scientifically validated
10 therapeutic effects, making this formulation both a safe and effective alternative to
chemical treatments.
1. Key Plant Ingredients:
a. Tulsi Leaves (Ocimum sanctum)
Therapeutic Benefits: Known for its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immune15
boosting properties, Tulsi reduces viral replication and enhances immune
responses.
b. Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica)
Therapeutic Benefits: Neem has antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory
effects, helping control infections and reduce inflammation.
20 c. Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Therapeutic Benefits: Ginger has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and
antimicrobial properties, reducing inflammation and aiding in viral infection relief.
d. Garlic (Allium sativum)
Therapeutic Benefits: Garlic possesses antiviral, antibacterial, and immune25
enhancing effects, promoting faster healing and reducing infection severity.
e. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
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Therapeutic Benefits: An adaptogen, Ashwagandha strengthens the immune system
and reduces inflammation, improving the animal's ability to combat stress.
f. Guggul (Commiphora wightii)
Therapeutic Benefits: Supports immune function and reduces inflammation
5 associated with viral infections.
g. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Therapeutic Benefits: Liquorice has antiviral and immune-boosting properties,
alleviating inflammation and promoting healing.
h. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
10 Therapeutic Benefits: Antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties that
support recovery and reduce skin lesions.
i. Harda (Terminalia chebula)
Therapeutic Benefits: Reduces oxidative stress, reduces inflammation, and
promotes healing.
15 j. Andrographis Paniculata (Kalmegh)
Therapeutic Benefits: Known for potent antiviral and immune-enhancing
properties, it controls viral replication and boosts immune responses.
k. Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Therapeutic Benefits: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that reduce
20 inflammation and promote tissue healing.
l. Papaya Fruit (Carica papaya)
Therapeutic Benefits: Helps break down proteins and reduce inflammation,
promoting faster healing of skin lesions.
m. Grapefruit Extract (Citrus paradisi)
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Therapeutic Benefits: Antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties that
support the body in combating viral infections and inflammation.
n. Calendula Leaves (Calendula officinalis)
Therapeutic Benefits: Supports wound healing, reduces inflammation, and prevents
5 secondary infections.
o. Carrot Fruit Extract (Daucus carota)
Therapeutic Benefits: Promotes skin regeneration and boosts immune responses.
2. Formulation Preparation
a. The formulation is prepared by extracting the bioactive compounds from
10 the selected plants using appropriate solvent extraction methods. These
extracts are then combined in precise proportions to create a synergistic
formulation. The formulation can be administered in oral and topical forms,
depending on the severity and symptoms of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in
livestock.
15 b. The oral dosage is provided as a powder, which can be administered to
livestock at a recommended dose of 2-3 spoons for adult cattle. The topical
dosage is formulated as a dusting powder, designed for direct application on
the skin lesions, and applied 2-3 times a day based on the severity of the
lesions.
20 c. The active ingredients in the formulation work in synergy to reduce viral
replication, control inflammation, promote tissue healing, and strengthen
the immune response.
3. Mode of Administration
a. Oral Formulation:
25 Powdered form, to be administered orally at a recommended dose of 2-3 spoons for
adult cattle.
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b. Topical Formulation:
Dusting powder to be applied to the affected skin areas 2-3 times daily.
4. Benefits of the Invention:
The formulation uses plant-derived ingredients, making it safe for livestock and
5 minimizing the risk of adverse side effects.
Active compounds target viral replication and reduce inflammation, accelerating
recovery in affected livestock.
The formulation is biodegradable, non-toxic, and environmentally safe.
The use of commonly available medicinal plants makes the formulation affordable,
10 especially for farmers in rural areas.
In addition to managing LSD, the formulation strengthens the immune system and
supports the overall health of livestock.
5. Validation Results / Stability Study / Antimicrobial Study:
Methodology:
15 a. Preparation of Test Microorganisms:
Cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida
albicans were grown on nutrient agar plates and adjusted to a standard
inoculum density equivalent to 0.5 McFarland standard to ensure uniform
microbial load.
20 b. Preparation of Sample Disks: Sterile filter paper disks were impregnated
with 100 mg/ml of the phytotherapeutic powder formulation dissolved in an
appropriate solvent. Positive control disks were prepared using standard
antibiotics (Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, and Fluconazole) at known
concentrations.
25 c. Agar Disk Diffusion:4 = The inoculated plates were evenly spread with
microbial cultures, and the test sample disks were placed on the surface of
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the agar. Plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours for bacteria, and 28°C
for 48 hours for fungi.
d. Measurement of Zones of Inhibition: After incubation, the zones of
inhibition around the disks were measured in millimeters, indicating the
5 antimicrobial activity of the formulation.
Interpretation of Results:
a. Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive): The
phytotherapeutic formulation exhibited a zone of inhibition of 17 mm,
indicating strong activity against S. aureus. This result is comparable to the
10 positive control (Gentamicin 10 μg), which produced a 20 mm inhibition
zone, demonstrating that the formulation has potent activity against grampositive
bacteria. This is significant for the prevention and treatment of
secondary bacterial infections that can aggravate skin lesions in livestock
affected by Lumpy Skin Disease.
15 b. Activity Against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative): The formulation
showed a zone of inhibition of 16 mm against E. coli, indicating effective
antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria. The positive control
(Ciprofloxacin 10 μg) produced a 19 mm zone, highlighting the
formulation's broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. This is important
20 as E. coli is a common contaminant that can lead to systemic infections and
exacerbate the health conditions of livestock.
c. Activity Against Candida albicans (Fungal):The formulation demonstrated
a zone of inhibition of 18 mm against C. albicans, a pathogenic yeast that
can cause fungal infections in immunocompromised animals. The positive
25 control (Fluconazole 25 μg) showed a 21 mm zone, proving the
formulation's antifungal efficacy, which is crucial for preventing fungal
infections that could develop due to compromised skin integrity in livestock
with LSD.
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The present invention provides a novel, eco-friendly, and cost-effective
phytotherapeutic formulation for the treatment and management of Lumpy Skin
Disease in livestock. The formulation combines the therapeutic benefits of
traditional herbal ingredients, reducing reliance on chemical treatments and
providing a sustainable solution 5 to the challenges posed by LSD. The invention
offers a viable alternative for farmers seeking a safe and effective treatment for
LSD, benefiting both animal health and the environment. , Claims:1. A phytotherapeutic formulation for the treatment and management of Lumpy
Skin Disease (LSD) in livestock.
2. The phytotherapeutic formulation as claimed in claim 1, comprising plant
extracts from Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), 5 Neem (Azadirachta indica), Ginger
(Zingiber officinale), Garlic (Allium sativum), Ashwagandha (Withania
somnifera), Guggul (Commiphora wightii), Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra),
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Harda (Terminalia chebula), Andrographis
paniculata (Kalmegh), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Papaya (Carica papaya),
10 Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), Calendula (Calendula officinalis), and Carrot
(Daucus carota).
3. The phytotherapeutic formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active
compounds are selected for their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immuneboosting,
antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
15 4. The method of administering the formulation as claimed in claim 1, the
treatment and management of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in livestock, wherein
the formulation is administered in the following ways;
a. Orally, as a powder at a recommended dose of 2-3 spoons for adult cattle,
b. Topically, as a dusting powder, to be applied directly to the affected skin
20 lesions 2-3 times per day, based on the severity of the lesions.
5. The phytotherapeutic formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant
extracts are combined in proportions that create a synergistic therapeutic effect
to control the viral infection, reduce inflammation, prevent secondary bacterial
and fungal infections, and promote faster recovery of affected animals.
25 6. The method of preparation of phytotherapeutic formulation, comprising;
a. The formulation is prepared by extracting the bioactive compounds from
the selected plants using appropriate solvent extraction methods.
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b. The oral dosage is provided as a powder, which can be administered to
livestock at a recommended dose of 2-3 spoons for adult cattle.
c. The active ingredients in the formulation work in synergy to reduce viral
replication, control inflammation, promote tissue healing, and strengthen
5 the immune response.

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