Novel Multi-Source High Gain Integrated DC-DC Converter Topology for Electric Shipboard Applications and Method Thereof

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Title: Novel Multi-Source High Gain Integrated DC-DC Converter Topology for Electric Shipboard Applications and Method Thereof The present disclosure proposes a novel multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) that operates efficiently and reliably by integrating multiple power sources and providing high output voltage with minimal component stress. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) comprises a first voltage source (V1) (102), a second voltage source (V2) (104), a first inductor (L1) (106), a primary switching element (Q1) (112), a capacitor (C1) (114), a first diode (D1) (118), a second inductor (L2) (120), a secondary switching element (Q2) (126), a second diode (D2) (128) and an output filtering capacitor (C2) (132). The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) for electric shipboard applications, efficiently combines multiple power sources to provide a consistent 98V output, improving power management and reliability.

Specification

Description:DESCRIPTION:
Field of the invention:
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of DC-DC power converters, in specific, relates to a novel multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that operates efficiently and reliably by integrating multiple power sources and providing high output voltage with minimal component stress.
Background of the invention:
[0002] DC-DC converters are widely used in various applications where it is necessary to convert one level of DC voltage to another. These converters are essential in systems where multiple voltage levels are required, such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and industrial power supplies. In particular, for shipboard applications, where reliability and efficiency are paramount, DC-DC converters play a crucial role in maintaining consistent power supply for various onboard systems. Traditional DC-DC converter designs typically rely on either a boost or buck topology, depending on the required voltage conversion. However, these designs often face limitations in terms of efficiency, component stress, and the ability to handle multiple power sources.

[0003] In shipboard environments, where power needs can vary significantly and multiple sources like solar panels, batteries, or fuel cells may be used, there is an increasing demand for converters that can integrate multiple inputs efficiently. Existing converter topologies, such as the standard boost converter, can be inefficient when dealing with low-voltage inputs or multiple power sources. Similarly, SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter) topologies, though useful for providing flexibility in step-up and step-down operations, can suffer from complex control strategies and increased losses due to higher component stress, particularly at higher power levels.

[0004] Moreover, many traditional converters are prone to reliability issues when exposed to the harsh conditions often found in marine environments. These conditions include temperature variations, humidity, and electrical noise, all of which can affect the performance of power electronic components. Additionally, converters designed for such environments need to have high fault tolerance to ensure continuous operation, as unexpected downtime could have serious consequences for both safety and operational efficiency.

[0005] Prior art systems, such as US20100213927A1, disclose multi-input DC-DC converters capable of integrating multiple power sources. However, these systems often involve complex circuitry, increased costs, and a high number of switching components, which increase both the physical size and maintenance requirements. Furthermore, these systems often do not address the challenge of maintaining high efficiency across a wide range of input voltages and load conditions, particularly in dynamic environments such as shipboard systems.

[0006] A prior art DC-DC converter might disclose various topologies and methods for achieving high voltage gain and efficiency. However, many of these solutions do not address the specific challenges of integrating multiple sources with minimal component count and reduced stress on switching devices. Existing solutions often lack the necessary simplicity and reliability for high-power applications. Addressing these challenges, there is a need for a DC-DC converter that integrates a high-gain boost and SEPIC functionality, designed to efficiently manage power from multiple sources. Such a converter would enhance reliability, reduce component count, and improve efficiency in applications requiring robust power conversion solutions.

[0007] By addressing the aforementioned challenges, there is a need for a DC-DC power converter that delivers high voltage gain, high efficiency, and fault tolerance while managing multiple power sources. Such a converter would be beneficial in improving the performance and reliability of power systems in various high-demand applications.

[0008] By addressing all the above-mentioned problems, there is a need for a novel multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that operates efficiently and reliably by integrating multiple power sources and providing high output voltage with minimal component stress. There is also a need for a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter for electric shipboard applications that simplifies the construction and reduces the component count, leading to easier assembly, reduced cost, and lower maintenance requirements. There is also a need for a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that simplifies the construction and reduces the component count, leading to easier assembly, reduced cost, and lower maintenance requirements.

[0009] There is also a need for a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that improves voltage regulation through the combined use of boost and SEPIC topologies, ensuring smooth power delivery even in fluctuating load conditions. There is also a need for a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that reduces stress on switching devices, leading to longer operational life and increased reliability in demanding environments such as electric shipboard systems. Further, there is also a need for a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology with high energy density and efficient power conversion that makes it suitable for electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and other high-demand applications.
Objectives of the invention:
[0010] The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a novel multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that operates efficiently and reliably by integrating multiple power sources and providing high output voltage with minimal component stress.

[0011] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology for electric shipboard applications that efficiently combines multiple power sources to provide a consistent 98V output, improving power management and reliability.

[0012] The other objective of the present invention is to provide a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that integrates two solid-state switches, two power diodes, and four energy storage elements to achieve higher energy conversion efficiency while maintaining low switching losses.

[0013] The other objective of the present invention is to provide a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that operates at a high switching frequency of 25kHz, reducing the size of passive components and improving the overall compactness and portability of the system.

[0014] The other objective of the present invention is to provide a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that simplifies the construction and reduces the component count, leading to easier assembly, reduced cost, and lower maintenance requirements.

[0015] The other objective of the present invention is to provide a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that enhances fault tolerance by incorporating a reliable control system that ensures the system can adapt to fluctuations in input power without affecting output stability.

[0016] The other objective of the present invention is to provide a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that improves voltage regulation through the combined use of boost and SEPIC topologies, ensuring smooth power delivery even in fluctuating load conditions.

[0017] Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that reduces stress on switching devices, leading to longer operational life and increased reliability in demanding environments such as electric shipboard systems.

[0018] Further objective of the present invention is to provide a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology with high energy density and efficient power conversion that makes it suitable for electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and other high-demand applications.
Summary of the invention:
[0019] The present disclosure proposes a novel multi-source high gain integrated dc-dc converter topology for electric shipboard applications and method thereof. The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0020] In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure is to solve the technical problem to provide a novel multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that operates efficiently and reliably by integrating multiple power sources and providing high output voltage with minimal component stress.

[0021] According to one aspect, the invention provides the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 comprises a first voltage source (V1), a second voltage source (V2), a first energy storing element, a primary switching element (Q1), a third energy storing element, a first diode (D1), a second energy storing element, a secondary switching element (Q2), a second diode (D2) and a fourth energy storing element.

[0022] In one embodiment herein, the first voltage source (V1) and the second voltage source (V2) are configured to provide independent input voltages. The first energy storing element is electrically connected to a positive terminal of the first voltage source (V1), where a current (i1) flows between the first voltage source (V1) and the first energy storing element. The first energy storing element comprises a first inductor (L1) with a first series resistor (R1).

[0023] In one embodiment herein, the primary switching element (Q1) is connected to a negative of the first energy storing element at a first intermediate node. The primary switching element (Q1) is configured to control charging and discharging cycle of the first energy storing element, thereby controlling the current flow between the first energy storing element and an output terminal through the first diode (D1).

[0024] In one embodiment herein, the second energy storing element is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second voltage source (V2), where a current (i2) flows between the second voltage source V2 and the second energy storing element. The second energy storing element comprises a second inductor (L2) with a second series resistor (R2). In one embodiment herein, the secondary switching element (Q2) is connected to the negative terminal of the second energy storing element at a second intermediate node. The secondary switching element (Q2) is configured to control charging and discharging cycle of the second energy storing element, thereby controlling the current flow between the second energy storing element and an output terminal through a second diode (D2).

[0025] In one embodiment herein, the primary switching element (Q1) and the secondary switching elements (Q2) include MOSFETs, IGBTs, and JFETs, which are configured to switch in coordination to regulate the operation of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology. The primary switching element (Q1) and the secondary switching elements (Q2) are solid-state switches, configured to operate at a frequency of at least 25kHz. The first diode (D1) and the second diode (D2) are Schottky diodes, which are configured to switch in coordination to regulate the operation of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology. The first diode (D1) and the second diode (D2) are configured to facilitate a unidirectional current flow within the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology.

[0026] In one embodiment herein, the third energy storing element is electrically coupled between the first intermediate node and a third intermediate node, and connected to the first energy storing element. The first inductor (L1) is configured to control charging and discharging cycle of the third energy storing element. The third energy storing element is configured to smooth the output current . The third energy storing element comprises a capacitor (C1) with a third series resistor (R3). In one embodiment herein, the fourth energy storing element is electrically connected in between the output terminal and the common terminal, across a load (R0). The fourth energy storing element is configured to filter out to filter an output current . The fourth energy storing element comprises the output filtering capacitor (C2) with a fourth series resistor (R4). The load (R0) is connected between the output terminal and the common terminal.

[0027] In one embodiment herein, the controller configured to control the primary switching element (Q1), the secondary switching element (Q2), the first diode (D1), and the second diode (D2) in coordination with real-time voltage conditions to regulate energy transfer through the first energy storing element, the second energy storing element, the third energy storing element and the fourth energy storing element to the load (R0). The controller dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the switches based on the input voltage variations from multiple sources to ensure stable output voltage.

[0028] In one embodiment herein, the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology operates in plurality of operational modes based on the switching states of the primary switching element (Q1), the secondary switching element (Q1), the first diode (D1) and the second diode (D2) to produce an output voltage of at least 98V for a ship's electrical system. The plurality of operational modes of the converter comprises a first operational mode, a second operational mode and a third operational mode.

[0029] In one embodiment herein, the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology is configured to operate with one or more input sources simultaneously, providing high gain and efficient power conversion for shipboard or other high-power applications. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology is configured to operate with a fault-tolerant architecture, ensuring continuous operation in the event of a failure in one of the power sources.

[0030] According to another aspect, the invention provides a method for achieving high voltage gain through the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology. At one step, the first voltage source (V1) and the second voltage source (V2) provide the independent input voltages to the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology. At one step, the controller activates the primary switching element (Q1) and the secondary switching elements (Q2), and deactivates the first diode (D1) and the second diode (D2) in the first operational mode to enable the second energy storing element and the third energy storing element to charge from the second voltage source (V2), simultaneously, the first energy storing element to charge from the first voltage source (V1), thereby supplying an output voltage to a load (R0) from the fourth energy storing element.

[0031] At one step, the controller deactivates the primary switching element (Q1) and the second diode (D2), and activates the secondary switching element (Q2) and the first diode (D1) in the second operational mode to enable the second energy storing element to charge from the second voltage source (V2), simultaneously, the first energy storing element and the third energy storing element to charge from the first voltage source (V1), thereby supplying the output voltage to the load (R0) from the fourth energy storing element.

[0032] At one step, the controller deactivates the primary switching element (Q1) and the secondary switching elements (Q2) and activates the first diode (D1) and the second diode (D2) in the third operational mode, thereby enabling the second energy storing element to discharge through the second diode (D2), the fourth energy storing element, and the first diode (D1), simultaneously, the first energy storing element and the third energy storing element charge from the first voltage source (V1), while the output voltage is supplied to the load (R0) from the second voltage source (V2). At one step, the controller operates the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology in plurality of operational modes based on the switching states of the primary switching element (Q1) and the secondary switching elements (Q2) and the first diode (D1) and the second diode (D2) to produce the output voltage of at least 98V for the ship's electrical system.

[0033] Further, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a study of the following portion of the specification, the claims, and the attached drawings.
Detailed description of drawings:
[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention, and, together with the description, explain the principles of the invention.

[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic circuit diagram of a novel multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0036] FIG. 2 illustrates a timing diagram of the switching operation of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0037] FIG. 3 illustrates the schematic circuit diagram of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology while performing a first operational mode, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0038] FIG. 4 illustrates the schematic circuit diagram of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology while performing a second operational mode, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0039] FIG. 5 illustrates the schematic circuit diagram of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology while performing a third operational mode, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates the pictorial representations of the test bench setup for the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology system in real time, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates the pictorial representations of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0042] FIG. 8 illustrates the pictorial representations of the gate driver circuit, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0043] FIG. 9 illustrates the graphical representations of the PWM signals of the switching elements (Q1 and Q2), in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0044] FIGs. 10A-10B illustrate graphical representations of the input voltages of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology in a first case, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0045] FIG. 10C illustrates the graphical representation of an output voltage of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology in the first case, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0046] FIGs. 11A-11B illustrate the graphical representations of the input voltages of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology in a second case, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0047] FIG. 11C illustrates a graphical representation of an output voltage of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology in the second case, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0048] FIGs. 12A-12B illustrate the graphical representations of the input voltages of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology in a third case, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0049] FIG. 12C illustrates a graphical representation of an output voltage of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology in the third case, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0050] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method for achieving high voltage gain in the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology, in accordance to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Detailed invention disclosure:
[0051] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps.

[0052] The present disclosure has been made with a view towards solving the problem with the prior art described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology that operates efficiently and reliably by integrating multiple power sources and providing high output voltage with minimal component stress.

[0053] According to one exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 1 refers to a schematic circuit diagram of a novel multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 operates efficiently and reliably by integrating multiple power sources and providing high output voltage with minimal component stress. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 simplifies the construction and reduces the component count, leading to easier assembly, reduced cost, and lower maintenance requirements. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 improves voltage regulation through the combined use of boost and SEPIC topologies, ensuring smooth power delivery even in fluctuating load conditions. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 comprises a first voltage source (V1) 102, a second voltage source (V2) 104, a first energy storing element 105, a primary switching element (Q1) 112, a third energy storing element 113, a first diode (D1) 118, a second energy storing element 119, a secondary switching element (Q2) 126, a second diode (D2) 128 and a fourth energy storing element 131 and a load (R0) 136.

[0054] In one embodiment herein, the first voltage source (V1) 102 and the second voltage source (V2) 104 are configured to provide independent input voltages. The first energy storing element 105 is electrically connected to a positive terminal of the first voltage source (V1) 102, where a current (i1) flows between the first voltage source (V1) 102 and the first energy storing element 105. The first energy storing element 105 comprises a first inductor (L1) 106 with a first series resistor (R1) 108.

[0055] In one embodiment herein, the primary switching element (Q1) 112 is connected to a negative of the first energy storing element 105 at a first intermediate node 110. the primary switching element (Q1) 112 is configured to control the flow of current through the first energy storing element 105 during specific intervals.

[0056] In one embodiment herein, when the primary switching element (Q1) 112 is in ON state, it allows current to flow through the first energy storing element 105. As current flows, the first energy storing element 105 stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. Once the primary switching element (Q1) 112 is in OFF state, the stored energy in the first energy storing element 105 is released. This energy is then transferred to the load (R0) 136, usually through the first diode (D1) 118, which ensures that the current flows toward the load (R0) 136. In many cases, this energy also charges the fourth energy storing element 131, which helps smooth out the output voltage before it reaches the load (R0) 136, providing a steady and consistent power supply.

[0057] In one embodiment herein, the second energy storing element 119 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second voltage source (V2) 104, where a current (i2) flows between the second voltage source V2 104 and the second energy storing element 119. The second energy storing element 119 comprises a second inductor (L2) 120 with a second series resistor (R2) 122. In one embodiment herein, the secondary switching element (Q2) 126 is connected to the negative terminal of the second energy storing element 119 at a second intermediate node 124. In one embodiment herein, when the secondary switching element (Q2) 126 is in ON state, it allows current to flow through the second energy storing element 119. As current flows, the first energy storing element 105 stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. Once the secondary switching element (Q2) 126 is in OFF state, the stored energy in the second energy storing element 119 is released. This energy is then transferred to the load (R0) 136, usually through the second diode (D2) 128, which ensures that the current flows toward the load (R0) 136. In many cases, this energy also charges the fourth energy storing element 131, which helps smooth out the output voltage before it reaches the load (R0) 136, providing a steady and consistent power supply.

[0058] In one embodiment herein, the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126 include MOSFETs, which is configured to switch in coordination to regulate the operation of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100. The primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126 are solid-state switches, configured to operate at a frequency of at least 25kHz. The first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 are Schottky diodes, which are configured to switch in coordination to regulate the operation of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100. The first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) are configured to facilitate a unidirectional current flow within the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100.

[0059] In one embodiment herein, the third energy storing element 113 is electrically coupled between the first intermediate node 110 and a third intermediate node 130, and connected to the first energy storing element 105. The first inductor (L1) 106 is configured to control charging and discharging cycle of the third energy storing element 113. The third energy storing element 113 is configured to smooth the output current . The third energy storing element 113 comprises a capacitor (C1) 114 with a third series resistor (R3) 116. In one embodiment herein, the fourth energy storing element 131 is electrically connected in between the output terminal 140 and the common terminal 138, across the load (R0) 136. The fourth energy storing element 131 is configured to filter out to filter an output current . The fourth energy storing element 131 comprises the output filtering capacitor (C2) 132 with a fourth series resistor (R3) 134. The load (R0) 136 is connected between the output terminal 140 and the common terminal 137.

[0060] In one embodiment herein, the controller configured to control the primary switching element (Q1) 112, the secondary switching element (Q2) 126, the first diode (D1) 118, and the second diode (D2) 128 in coordination with real-time voltage conditions to regulate energy transfer through the first energy storing element 105, the second energy storing element 119, the third energy storing element 113 and the fourth energy storing element 131 to the load (R0) 136. The controller dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the switches based on the input voltage variations from multiple sources to ensure stable output voltage.

[0061] In one embodiment herein, the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 operates in plurality of operational modes based on the switching states of the primary switching element (Q1) 112, the secondary switching element (Q1) 126, the first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 to produce an output voltage of at least 98V for a ship's electrical system. The plurality of operational modes of the converter 100 comprises a first operational mode, a second operational mode and a third operational mode.

[0062] In one embodiment herein, the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 is configured to operate with one or more input sources simultaneously, providing high gain and efficient power conversion for shipboard or other high-power applications. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 is configured to operate with a fault-tolerant architecture, ensuring continuous operation in the event of a failure in one of the power sources. The Table 1 depicts specification of the each component of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100.

[0063] Table 1:
Component Specification
First inductor (L1) 450 μH
Second inductor (L2) 450 μH
Capacitor (C1) 220 μF
Output filtering capacitor (C2) 470 μF
Switching elements (Q1 and Q2) IRFP240
Diodes (D1, and D2) MUR1560
Controller (TMS) LAUNCHXL-F28379D Launchpad™

[0064] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 refers to a timing diagram 200 of the switching operation of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100. In one embodiment herein, the timing diagram that illustrates the various control signals and switching events occurring within the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100. This timing diagram is critical for understanding how different components, such as switches and diodes, operate during distinct operational modes, and how control signals, such as Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM), influence the system's performance. The timing diagram also helps visualize the transitions between modes, ensuring proper regulation of energy flow and optimizing the converter's overall performance. In timing diagram 200, which depicts the PWM signals for the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126, the X-axis represents the time, while the Y-axis shows the PWM signal amplitude. The graph illustrates the varying duty cycles of PWM1 and PWM2 applied to the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126, respectively, over time. In one embodiment herein, the plurality of operational modes of the converter comprises a first operational mode (0<t<d1Ts), a second operational mode (d1Ts<t<d2Ts) and a third operational mode (d2Ts<t<Ts), each representing different phases of the converter's switching cycle. Here Ts is the total period of one switching cycle. (d1 and d2) are duty ratios of the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126, respectively.

[0065] In one embodiment herein, the first operational mode (0<t<d1Ts) represents an idle state where no energy transfer occurs. While the second operational mode (d1Ts<t<d2Ts) activates the primary switching element Q1 112, allowing energy transfer from the first voltage source V1 102 to the first inductor L1 106 and the capacitor C1 114 for storage. In third operational mode (d2Ts<t<Ts), the secondary switching element Q2 126 and the first diode D1 becomes active, transferring energy to the load (R0) 136 through the output filtering capacitor (C2) 132.

[0066] In one embodiment herein, the control signals c1Tx and c2Tx determine when the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126 are active. The c1Tx controlling the switch Q1 112 in the second operational mode and the c2Tx controlling the switch Q2 126 in the third operational mode. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals PWM1 and PWM2 regulate the energy transfer by adjusting the duty cycles for the switches the first operational mode (0<t<d1Ts) Sampling instants allow the converter 100 to measure voltage or current and adjust the PWM signals to maintain efficiency.

[0067] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3 refers to the schematic circuit diagram of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 while performing the first operational mode. In one embodiment herein, the first operational mode (0<t<d1Ts) is defined by a specific circuit configuration and its operational characteristics during part of the switching cycle.

[0068] During the first operational mode (0<t<d1Ts), the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126 are activated, while the first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 remain OFF. This configuration establishes a conductive path that allows current to flow through the inductors (L1 and L2) (106, 120). The inductor (L1) 106 charging from the first voltage source (V1) 102 and inductor (L2) 120 charging from the second input voltage source (V2) 104. This arrangement facilitates the storage of energy in both inductors (L1 and L2) (106, 120) as a magnetic field.

[0069] At the same time, the capacitor (C1) 114 is charged from the first voltage source (V1) 102, storing energy in an electric field. The capacitor(C2) 132, which powers the load (R0) 136, discharges its stored energy to supply the load (R0) 136 directly. During this mode, the load (R0) receives power from capacitor (C2) 132.

[0070] In one embodiment herein, the non-conduction of the first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 ensures that current does not bypass these components, thereby directing the current through the inductors and capacitors as described. This state allows for effective energy transfer and storage, with inductors charged and capacitors prepared to deliver power to the load (R0) 136.

[0071] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 4 refers to the schematic circuit diagram of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 while performing the second operational mode. In one embodiment herein, the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100, the second operational mode is characterized by a specific configuration and behavior during a designated part of the switching cycle. In this mode, the solid-state switch (Q2) 126 and the power diode (D1) 118 are activated, while the solid-state switch (Q1) 112 and the power diode (D2) 128 are deactivated. This configuration changes the flow of current and energy distribution within the converter 100.

[0072] In one embodiment herein, when the switch (Q2) 126 is on, the current flows through the inductor (L2) 120, which is charged by the second voltage source (V2) 104. Meanwhile, the inductor (L1) 106 and capacitor (C1) 114 continue to charge from the first voltage source (V1) 102, despite the switch (Q1) 112 being off. During this phase, the load (Ro) 136 is powered solely by capacitor (C2) 132. The circuit diagram effectively captures this operational phase, showcasing how the converter 100 transitions between modes to achieve efficient performance.

[0073] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 5 refers to the schematic circuit diagram of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 while performing the third operational mode. In one embodiment of herein, the third operational mode is marked by a unique circuit configuration and energy management during a specific interval of the switching cycle.

[0074] During this mode, the first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 are ON, while the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126 remain OFF. This alters the current flow and redistributes energy within the converter 100. the first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 activated, the energy stored in the inductor (L2) 120 is discharged through the diode (D2) 128 to capacitor (C2) 132 and then to the load (Ro) 136, ensuring uninterrupted power to the load (Ro) 136. Concurrently, the inductor (L1) 106, charged from the first input voltage source (V1) 102, continues to store energy, while capacitor (C1) 114 also charges from the first voltage source (V1) 102. Since the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126 are OFF, no current passes through them during this interval.

[0075] In one embodiment herein, the third operational mode should depict the first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 as conducting, with the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126 in their OFF states, emphasizing the flow of energy from capacitor (C2) 114 to the load. Inductor (L1) 106 and capacitor (C1) 114 continue to receive energy from the first voltage source (V1) 102, highlighting the role of these components in sustaining power flow. This embodiment showcases the converter's efficient energy management by transitioning between modes, optimizing performance, and ensuring continuous load power through strategic diode and switch control.

[0076] According to exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 6 refers to the pictorial representation of the test bench setup multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology system 600 in real time. The complete test bench setup of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 is configured to facilitate the testing and validation of the converter's performance under various operating conditions The complete test bench setup of the converter system 600 comprises an HTC DC-3002-II (0-30V, 0-5A) dual channel DC Regulated power supply 602, a converter 604, a gate driver circuit 606, a resistive load 608, the user device 610, a multi-meter 612 and a dual channel non-isolated digital oscilloscope (DSO) with 10x probe 614.

[0077] In one embodiment herein, the HTC DC-3002-II (0-30V, 0-5A) dual-channel DC regulated power supply 602, which provides two separate input voltage sources to the converter. These input sources can be independently adjusted to deliver precise voltage and current levels, allowing for the testing of the converter 604 under different multi-source conditions. The converter 604 is the core component being tested, incorporating the innovative circuit design that integrates Boost and SEPIC converter functionalities to achieve high gain and efficient power conversion.

[0078] In one embodiment herein, the gate driver circuit 606 is employed to control the switching elements within the converter. The gate driver circuit 606 ensures accurate timing and control of the converter's solid-state switches (Q1 and Q2) by generating the necessary gate signals. This component is critical in regulating the switching frequency and duty cycle to achieve the desired voltage and current outputs. In one embodiment herein, the resistive load 608 is connected to the output of the converter 604 to simulate the real-world load conditions. By adjusting the resistive load 608, the behaviour of the converter 604 is analyzed under varying power demands, allowing for comprehensive performance testing.

[0079] In one embodiment herein, the user device 610 is used to monitor and control the test parameters, that include input voltages, switching frequency, and load resistance. The user device interfaces with other components to collect data and enable real-time adjustments to the system. In one embodiment herein, the multi-meter 612 is included in the setup to measure key electrical parameters such as input and output voltages, currents, and resistance. The multi-meter provides accurate, real-time readings essential for assessing the efficiency, gain, and operational stability of the converter 604.

[0080] In one embodiment herein, the setup 600 incorporates a dual-channel non-isolated digital oscilloscope (DSO) with a 10x probe 614. The oscilloscope 614 allows for the detailed observation of waveforms, that include voltage and current signals, at various points in the circuit. With its dual-channel capability, the DSO 614 is simultaneously monitoring the input and output waveforms of the converter, as well as the gate signals driving the switches. The 10x probe ensures minimal interference with the circuit while capturing accurate signal data. In one embodiment herein, the embodiment of the test bench setup effectively supports the evaluation of the converter's performance, providing comprehensive control, measurement, and data analysis capabilities. Through the use of the described components, the behaviour of the converter under different input conditions, loads, and switching configurations can be accurately assessed, leading to optimized performance in practical applications.

[0081] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 7 refers to the pictorial representation of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 604. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 604 facilitates the efficient conversion of power from multiple input sources by integrating a combination of boost and SEPIC topologies. It allows for high voltage gain with minimal stress on components, ensuring reliable and stable output. The converter 604 efficiently manages input fluctuations, provides fault tolerance, and optimizes energy transfer through its multi-source input ports.

[0082] The converter 604 comprises multi-source input ports 604A, Inductors (L1 and L2) 604B, the capacitors (C1 and C2) 604C, MOSFET power switches (Q1 and Q2) 604D and power diodes (D1 and D2) 604E, and a Load connection point 606F. In one embodiment herein, the multi-source input ports 604A to accept input from various power sources, inductors (L1 and L2) 604B to store and transfer energy, and capacitors (C1 and C2) 604C for smoothing voltage. The converter uses MOSFET power switches (Q1 and Q2) 604D for switching operations, power diodes (D1 and D2) 604E to direct current flow, and provides a load connection point 604F for delivering the converted power to the load (R0).

[0083] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 8 refers to the pictorial representations of the gate driver circuit 606. The gate driver circuit 606 comprises the TMS controller (LAUNCHXL F28379D Launchpad™) 606A, driver circuits 606B and step-down transformers 606C. The TMS controller (LAUNCHXL F28379D Launchpad™) 606A acts as the primary control unit, generating precise gate signals for the converter's switches. These signals are further amplified by driver circuits 606B, ensuring the appropriate voltage and current levels needed to control the switching devices. Additionally, the step-down transformers 606C are utilized to reduce voltage levels where necessary, ensuring safe and efficient operation of the gate driver circuit within the converter system.

[0084] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 9 refers to the graphical representation 900 of the PWM signals of the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126. In one embodiment herein, the graphical representations of the PWM signals for the switching elements (Q1) 112 and (Q2) 126 illustrate the timing and duty cycles of the pulse-width modulation controlling these switches. The PWM signals determine when the switches are turned on and off, directly affecting the conduction of the diodes (D1) 118 and (D2) 128, which regulate the flow of current in the converter 100. These graphical representations showcase the synchronization between the PWM signals and the switching elements to achieve efficient power conversion. In graphical representation 900, the X-axis represents time, measured in seconds or milliseconds, over which the PWM signals for d1 and d2 are observed. The Y-axis indicates the voltage of the PWM signals, typically switching between 0V (OFF) and the supply voltage (ON).

[0085] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIGs. 10A-10B refer to the graphical representations (1000, 1002) of the input voltages of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 in a first case. These figures illustrate the voltage profiles of the multiple input sources integrated into the converter system 100. FIG. 10A shows the input voltage from the first voltage source (V1) 102, while FIG. 10B displays the input voltage from the second voltage source (V2) 104. These graphs highlight the stable and consistent voltage levels provided by each source (102, 104) during the converter's operation, demonstrating the converter's ability to effectively manage and combine power from multiple inputs.

[0086] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 10C refers to the graphical representation 1004 of an output voltage of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 in a first case. The graph depicts the converter's performance under specific operational conditions, showing the steady and regulated output voltage achieved through the novel converter topology. The output voltage curve highlights the efficiency and stability of the converter in maintaining the desired voltage level across varying loads and input sources. This graphical data validates the high gain and performance efficiency of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100. In FIG. 10A and the FIG. 10B the X-axis typically represents time (t) in seconds. The Y-axis represents the voltage (V) in volts, displaying the input voltages V1 and V2. In FIG. 10C the X-axis typically represents time (t) in seconds. The Y-axis represents the voltage (V) in volts, displaying the output voltage V0.

[0087] In one embodiment herein, FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B show the input source voltages for the first case with V1 = 24V and V2 = 24V, while FIG. 10C displays the output voltage Vo = 104V. The practical efficiency achieved by the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 is found to be 98.51%.

[0088] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIGs. 11A-11C refer to the graphical representations (1100, 1102, 1104) of an output voltage of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 in a second case. In one embodiment herein, FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B show the input source voltages for the first case with V1 = 12V and V2 = 24V, while FIG. 10C displays the output voltage Vo = 82V. The practical efficiency achieved by the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 is found to be 97.41%. In FIG. 11A and the FIG. 11B the X-axis typically represents time (t) in seconds. The Y-axis represents the voltage (V) in volts, displaying the input voltages V1 and V2. In FIG. 11C the X-axis typically represents time (t) in seconds. The Y-axis represents the voltage (V) in volts, displaying the output voltage V0.

[0089] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIGs. 12A-12C refer to the graphical representations (1200, 1202 and 1204) of an output voltage of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 in a second case. In one embodiment herein, FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B show the input source voltages for the first case with V1 = 12V and V2 = 12V, while FIG. 10C displays the output voltage Vo = 52V. The practical efficiency achieved by the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 is found to be 96.15%. In FIG. 12A and the FIG. 12B the X-axis typically represents time (t) in seconds. The Y-axis represents the voltage (V) in volts, displaying the input voltages V1 and V2. In FIG. 12C the X-axis typically represents time (t) in seconds. The Y-axis represents the voltage (V) in volts, displaying the output voltage V0.

[0090] Table 2:

d1=0.4; d2=0.6

Cases
V1
V2 V0
(Theoretical) V0
(Experimental) Current Delivering Capability
Efficiency

Case-I
24
24
100
104
High
98.51

Case-II
12
24
80
82
Medium
97.41

Case- III
12
12
50
52
Low
96.15

[0091] Table 2 represents the high-gain performance of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 under different operating conditions. The voltage Gain Expression of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology is as follows,


[0092] According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 13 refers to a flowchart 1300 of a method for achieving high voltage gain through a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100. At step 1302, the first voltage source (V1) 102 and the second voltage source (V2) 104 provide the independent input voltages to the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100. At step 1304, the controller activates the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126, and deactivates the first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 in the first operational mode to enable the second energy storing element 119 and the third energy storing element 113 to charge from the second voltage source (V2) 104, simultaneously, the first energy storing element 105 to charge from the first voltage source (V1) 102, thereby supplying an output voltage to a load (R0) 136 from the fourth energy storing element 131.

[0093] At step 1306, the controller deactivates the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the second diode (D2) 128, and activating the secondary switching element (Q2) 126 and the first diode (D1) 118 in the second operational mode to enable the second energy storing element 119 to charge from the second voltage source (V2) 104, simultaneously, the first energy storing element 105 and the third energy storing element 113 to charge from the first voltage source (V1) 102, thereby supplying the output voltage to the load (R0) 136 from the fourth energy storing element 131.

[0094] At step 1308, the controller deactivates the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126 and activates the first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 in the third operational mode, thereby enabling the second energy storing element 119 to discharge through the second diode (D2) 128, the fourth energy storing element 131, and the first diode (D1) 118, simultaneously, the first energy storing element 105 and the third energy storing element 113 charge from the first voltage source (V1) 102, while the output voltage is supplied to the load (R0) 136 from the second voltage source (V2) 104. At step 1310, the controller operates the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 in plurality of operational modes based on the switching states of the primary switching element (Q1) 112 and the secondary switching elements (Q2) 126 and the first diode (D1) 118 and the second diode (D2) 128 to produce the output voltage of at least 98V for the ship's electrical system.

[0095] Numerous advantages of the present disclosure may be apparent from the discussion above. In accordance with the present disclosure a novel multi-source high gain integrated dc-dc converter topology 100 for electric shipboard applications and method thereof, is disclosed. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 improves voltage regulation through the combined use of boost and SEPIC topologies, ensuring smooth power delivery even in fluctuating load conditions. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology 100 reduces stress on switching devices, leading to longer operational life and increased reliability in demanding environments such as electric shipboard systems. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology with high energy density and efficient power conversion to make it suitable for electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and other high-demand applications.

[0096] It will readily be apparent that numerous modifications and alterations can be made to the processes described in the foregoing examples without departing from the principles underlying the invention, and all such modifications and alterations are intended to be embraced by this application.
, Claims:CLAIMS:
I/We Claim:
1. A multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100), comprising:
a first voltage source (V1) (102) and a second voltage source (V2) (104), wherein the first voltage source (V1) (102) and the second voltage source (V2) (104) are configured to supply independent input voltages;
a first energy storing element (105) electrically connected to one terminal of the first voltage source (V1) (102), where a current (i1) flows between the first voltage source V1 (102) and the first energy storing element (105);
a primary switching element (Q1) (112) connected to another terminal of the first energy storing element (105) at a first intermediate node (110), wherein the primary switching element (Q1) (112) is configured to control the flow of current through the first energy storing element (105) during specific intervals, thereby regulating the conversion of input voltage into the desired output voltage through a first diode (D1) (118);
a second energy storing element (119) electrically connected to one terminal of the second voltage source (V2) (104), where a current (i2) flows between the second voltage source V2 (104) and the second energy storing element (119);
a secondary switching element (Q2) (126) connected to another terminal of the second energy storing element (119) at a second intermediate node (124), wherein the secondary switching element (Q2) (126) is configured to control the flow of current through the second energy storing element (119), thereby regulating the conversion of input voltage into the desired output voltage through a second diode (D2) (128);
a third energy storing element (113) electrically coupled between the first intermediate node (110) and a third intermediate node (130), and connected to the first energy storing element (105), wherein the first energy storing element (105) is configured to control charging and discharging cycle of the third energy storing element (113),
wherein third energy storing element (113) is configured to smooth the output current ;
a fourth energy storing element (131) electrically connected in between the output terminal (140) and the common terminal (138), across a load (R0) (136), wherein the fourth energy storing element (131) is configured to filter out to filter an output current , wherein the load (R0) (136) is connected between the output terminal (140) and the common terminal (138); and
a controller configured to control the primary switching element (Q1) (112) and a secondary switching element (Q2) (126) in coordination with real-time voltage conditions to regulate energy transfer through the first energy storing element (105), the second energy storing element (119), the third energy storing element (113) and the fourth energy storing element (131) to the load (R0) (136),
whereby the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) operates in plurality of operational modes based on the switching states of the primary switching element (Q1) (112) and the secondary switching elements (Q2) (126) to produce an output voltage of at least 98V for a ship's electrical system.
2. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first energy storing element (105) comprises a first inductor (L1) (106) with a first series resistor (R1) (108),
wherein the second energy storing element (119) comprises a second inductor (L2) (120) with a second series resistor (R2) (122),
wherein the third energy storing element (113) comprises a capacitor (C1) (114) with a third series resistor (R3) (116),
wherein the fourth energy storing element (131) comprises an output filtering capacitor (C2) (132) with a fourth series resistor (R3) (134).
3. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary switching element (Q1) (112) and the secondary switching elements (Q2) (126) include MOSFETs, which is configured to switch in coordination to regulate the operation of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100).
4. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first diode (D1) (118) and the second diode (D2) (128) are Schottky diodes, which are configured to switch in coordination to regulate the operation of the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100).
5. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary switching element (Q1) (112) and the secondary switching elements (Q2) (126) are solid-state switches, configured to operate at a frequency of at least 25kHz.
6. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first diode (D1) (118) and the second diode (D2) (128) are configured to facilitate a unidirectional current flow within the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100).
7. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the switches based on input voltage variations from multiple sources to ensure stable output voltage.
8. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) is configured to operate with one or more input sources simultaneously, providing high gain and efficient power conversion for shipboard or other high-power applications.
9. The multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) is configured to operate with a fault-tolerant architecture, ensuring continuous operation in the event of a failure in one of the power sources,
wherein the plurality of operational modes of the converter comprises a first operational mode, a second operational mode and a third operational mode.
10. A method for achieving high voltage gain through a multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100), comprising:
providing, by a first voltage source (V1) (102) and a second voltage source (V2) (104), independent input voltages to the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100);
activating, by a controller, a primary switching element (Q1) (112), a secondary switching elements (Q2) (126), and deactivating a first diode (D1) (118) and a second diode (D2) (128) in a first operational mode to enable a second energy storing element (119) and a third energy storing element (113) to charge from a second voltage source (V2) (104), simultaneously, a first energy storing element (105) to charge from a first voltage source (V1) (102), thereby supplying an output voltage to a load (R0) (136) from a fourth energy storing element (131);
deactivating, by the controller, the primary switching element (Q1) (112) and the second diode (D2) (128), and activating the secondary switching element (Q2) (126) and the first diode (D1) (118) in the second operational mode to enable the second energy storing element (119) to charge from the second voltage source (V2) (104), simultaneously, the first energy storing element (105) and the third energy storing element (113) to charge from the first voltage source (V1) (102), thereby supplying the output voltage to the load (R0) (136) from the fourth energy storing element (131);
deactivating, by the controller, the primary switching element (Q1) (112) and the secondary switching element (Q2) (126), and activating the first diode (D1) (118) and the second diode (D2) (128) in the third operational mode, thereby enabling the second energy storing element (119) to discharge through the second diode (D2) (128), the fourth energy storing element (131), and the first diode (D1) (118), simultaneously, the first energy storing element (105) and the third energy storing element (113) charge from the first voltage source (V1) (102), while the output voltage is supplied to the load (R0) (136) from the second voltage source (V2) (104); and
operating, by the controller, the multi-source high gain integrated DC-DC converter topology (100) in plurality of operational modes based on the switching states of the primary switching element (Q1) (112) and the secondary switching elements (Q2) (126) and the first diode (D1) (118) and the second diode (D2) (128) to produce an output voltage of at least 98V for a ship's electrical system.

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