NATURAL CUM HYBRID VENTILATION PROCESS FOR THE ENCLOSED ENVIRONMENTS

Abstract

The present invention discloses an advanced ventilation system designed to address the challenges of air quality and space constraints in urban housing. With increasing urban population density leading to compact living spaces and poor ventilation, this system offers a solution that combines air purification and re circulation technologies. The invention comprises a modular, space-efficient unit that can be retrofitted into existing structures or integrated into new constructions. It utilizes a multi-stage filtration process, including HEPA filters and activated carbon, to remove particulates, allergens, and gaseous pollutants. The system incorporates smart sensors to monitor air quality and adjust operations accordingly. Additionally, it features a novel air distribution· mechanism that ensures even circulation throughout t~e living space, maximizing efficiency in compact environments. This invention aims to significantly improve indoor air quality and, consequently, the health and well-being of urban dwellers, addressing a critical public health concern in densely populated areas.

Specification

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of building ventilation systems. More
particularly, the invention relates to an improved system and method for efficient
air circulation and temperature control in indoor spaces, specifically focusing on
enclosed environments such as inner-side attached bathrooms.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Ventilation, as defined by The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and
Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), is the flow of air into and out of a space.
It is a critical component in maintaining indoor air quality, regulating temperature,
and ensuring the comfort and health of building occupants. Ventilation systems
have evolved significantly over time, adapting to changing ·environmental
concerns, energy efficiency requirements, and technological advancements.
Problems in Prior Art:
• High energy consumption in traditional systems
• Poor air quality in recirculation systems
• Limited climate adaptability
• Integration challenges with existing buildings
• Inadequate user control systems
Types of Ventilation Systems
Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation relies on the movement of air through purpose-built openings
in a building's envelope, driven by natural forces such as wind and thermal
buoyancy. These openings may include windows, doors, solar chimneys, wind
towers, and trickle ventilators. The effectiveness of natural ventilation is highly
dependent on climate conditions, building design, and occupant behavior.
Mechanical Ventilation
Mechanical ventilation systems use powered equipment to move air into and out
of a space. These systems can be designed to create positive or negative pressure
within a building, depending on the specific requirements of the climate and the
building's use. For instance: In warm, humid climates, positive pressure systems
are often employed to minimize infiltration and reduce interstitial condensation. In
cold climates, negative pressure systems are typically used to prevent exfiltration
and the associated risk of condensation within building structures. Localized
negative pressure systems are commonly used in areas with high pollutant
generation, such as bathrooms and kitchens.
Hybrid or Mixed-Mode Ventilation
Hybrid ventilation systems combine elements of both natural and mechanical
ventilation. These systems can be particularly useful in situations where natural
ventilation alone is insufficient, but a fully mechanical system may be unnecessary
or undesirable. For example, exhaust fans can be installed to supplement natural
airflow in rooms housing patients with airborne infections, provided that careful
planning and testing are conducted to ensure proper air exchange rates.
Current Challenges and Limitations
While existing ventilation systems have made significant strides in improving
indoor air quality and energy efficiency, several challenges remain:
Energy Consumption: Traditional mechanical ventilation systems, particularly
those integrated with air conditioning, can be energy-intensive, contributing to high
operational costs and environmental concerns.
Air Quality: Recirculation of air, while often necessary for thermal conditioning,
can lead to the accumulation of pollutants and metabolic byproducts if not properly
managed.
Climate Adaptability: Many current systems struggle to adapt efficiently to varying
climate conditions, leading to suboptimal performance in regions with significant
:!:: temperature fluctuations.
Integration with Building Design: Effective ventilation often requrres careful
integration with building design, which can be challenging in retrotit applications
or in buildings with complex architectures.
User Control: Balancing automated operation with user preferences for comfort
and control remains a significant challenge in many ventilation systems.
PRIOR ART
Prior Art References:
I. US I 080895682: Smart ventilation system for window installation
2. US2326957 A: Automated bathroom ventilator system
3. JPS6141833A: Indoor environmental control system
4. CN206831723U: Indoor harmful gas intelligence control system
Previous attempts to address these challenges have included the development of
systems such as the "Air Handling System with Integrated Damper for Wholebuilding
Ventilation." While these systems have· made progress in improving air
recirculation and temperature control, they often still interact significantly with.
ambient surroundings, potentially compromising efficiency and indoor air quality
under certain conditions.
The limitations of existing systems highlight the need for innovative approaches to
ventilation that can provide efficient air circulation, effective temperature control,
and improved indoor air quality while minimizing energy consumption and
adapting to diverse environmental conditions.
US I 080895682
A smart ventilation system that performs the ventilation indoors, increases the air
quality in closed spaces, and maintains air quality, is positioned over a window and
includes a ventilation module on a main body, which is attached to the window to
control the air passage between indoors and outdoors; indoor and outdoor sensor groups which measure the air values indoors and outdoors, respectively; and an
electronic card which analyzes the sensor values and engages one or more of an air
intake fan group, an air outlet fan group, a dehumidifier, and a humidifier as a result
of the analysis. A device provides the necessary energy from the adaptor and water
reservoir.
US2326957A
This invention relates to bathroom ventilators and has an object to provide a device
of this character which will be energized when the toilet seat is used and will be
de-energized automatically after a fixed period of operation, approximately ten
minutes, during which time all odor will have been completely dispelled from the
bathroom. A further object is, to provide a simplified device of this character
including essentially a toilet seat, a normally open switch mounted on the seat and
adapted to close when weight is applied to the seat, a ventilating fan adapted to be
started by the closing oi the switch, and a time switch adapted to open the tan circuit
after a predetermined time interval. A further object is to provide a device of this
character which will be formed of a few strong, simple, and durable parts, which
will be inexpensive to manufacture, and which will not easily get out of order. With
the above and other objects in view the invention consists of certain novel details
of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter fully described and claimed,
it being understood that various modifications may be resorted to within the scope
of the appended claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the
advantages or the invention.
JPS6141833A
To provide an indoor environmental control system that is attractive as an interior
and is highly efticient in air conditioning by disposing of air inlets and outlets in
the fixture framework which is installed in the building wall. Wall has in it
framework which is equipped with slidable glass windows and is made of
architectural aluminum material. Air inlets 4 are arranged in the upper center of the
Framework which are flanked by air outlets on both sides and further, multiple air outlets are disposed in both sides and the bottom of the framework. Air
conditioning equipment and devices can freely be controlled by sending a signal
from a portable remote-control unillo a centralized control section via a sensor. A
receptacle that can hold the refrigerant piping, water drain pipe wiring, etc. is
integrally formed on the outside of the lower chamber of the framework, and heatinsulating
material is attached to the wall surface in the hollow space in the
framework. Blind is fitted to the glass windows to adjust the lighting condition
from the outside.
CN206831723U
An indoor harmful gas intelligence control system, including CO gas sensors
PM2.5 detection sensors installed outdoors and installation indoors, first signal
input part of the signal output part connection ZigBee control modules of PM2.5
detection sensors, the secondary signal input of the signal output part connection
ZigBee control modules of CO gas sensors, the signal output part ofZigBee control
modules first connects automatic curtain control terminal, ZigBee control module
secondary signals output end connects the control terminal of. shutter, the signal
output part of ZigBee control modules the 3rd connects the signal input part of
mobile terminalia use, CO gas sensors detect indoor CO gases ; PM2.5 outside
PM2.5 detection sensors sensing chamber, control the folding of shutter and the
folding of automatic curtain The utility model has the advantages of simple in
construction, intelligent control.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
The main objects of the present invention are:
• To provide effective ventilation in enclosed spaces without external venting
• To achieve efficient air purification using dual-layer filtration
• To maintain optimal temperature and humidity levels
• To eliminate odors in enclosed spaces
• To reduce energy consumption while maintaining air quality
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Overview:
The present invention provides an innovative solution to the challenge of
ventilating an inner-side attached bathroom in a residential building where
conventional ventilation methods are not feasible due to space constraints and
structural limitations. This invention addresses the critical need for proper
ventilation in enclosed spaces to maintain air quality, reduce humidity, and
eliminate odors, thereby promoting healthier living conditions.
The invention provides a novel ventilation system comprising:
Compact Ventilation Unit:
• Self-contained design for limited spaces
• No requirement for external wall access
Dual-Layer Filtration and Cooling:
• HEPA filter removing 99.97% of particles
• East Indian Grass layer for natural cooling
Advanced Features:
• Efficient air circulation mechanism
• Moisture control system
• Odor elimination capability
• Energy-efficient operation
• Sound dampening technology
Key Components and Features
Compact Ventilation Unit:
The invention comprises a compact, self-contained ventilation unit designed to fit
within the limited space of an inner bathroom. This unit is specifically engineered
to operate effectively without requiring direct access to exterior walls.
Dual-Layer Filtration and Cooling System:
The core of the invention lies in its advanced two-layer filtration and cooling
system: HEPA Filter Layer: Incorporates a High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA)
filter. Capable of removing at least 99.97% of airborne particles with a size of OJ
microns or larger. Effectively filters dust, pollen, mold spores, bacteria, and other microscopic contaminants. Specifically targets the removal of odors caused by
human occupancy in enclosed spaces.
East Indian Grass Layer: Utilizes East Indian Grass as a natural, eco-friendly
filtration and cooling element. Provides additional air purification and helps in
maintaining optimal humidity levels.· Contributes to the overall efficiency of the
system in improving air quality.
Air Circulation Mechanism: The invention includes a novel air circulation system
that efficiently moves air through the dual-layer filtration system without the need
for external venting.
Moisture Control: Incorporates features to effectively manage and reduce humidity
levels, preventing mold growth and maintaining a comfortable environment.
Odor Elimination: Specially designed to tackle odors common in bathroom
environments, ensuring a fresh and hygienic space.
Energy-Efficient Operation: Engineered to provide effective ventilation while
minimizing energy consumption, making it suitable for continuous operation.
Noise Reduction: Incorporates sound-dampening technology to ensure quiet
operation, essential for residential use.
Easy Installation and Maintenance:
Designed for straightforward installation in existing bathrooms .without major
structural modifications. Features easily accessible components for simple
maintenance and filter replacement.
Solves the ventilation problem for inner bathrooms surrounded by other rooms.
Improves indoor air quality without requiring structural changes to the building.
Combines advanced filtration technology with natural elements for comprehensive
air treatment. Addresses multiple aspects of air quality: particle removal, odor
elimination, and moisture control. Provides an energy-efficient and
environmentally friendly ventilation solution. This invention represents a
significant advancement in residential ventilation technology, offering a practical
solution to a common problem in urban housing design. By enabling effective
ventilation in spaces where traditional methods are not applicable, this system
contributes to improved living conditions and occupant health in densely populated
residential areas.
Brief Description of Working:
The present invention provides a self-contained ventilation system designed
specifically for enclosed spaces, such as inner-side attached bathrooms. It operates
without the need for external venting, making· it ideal for installations where
traditional ventilation methods are not feasible.
The system func(ions by drawing in air from the room using a· blower. This air is
then passed through a multi-stage filtration process. First, it is filtered through a
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter to remove microscopic particles like
dust, pollen, and bacteria. Subsequently, the air is passed through a layer of East
Indian Grass (Vetiver), which acts as a natural air purifier and humidifier. This
layer helps in reducing humidity levels, eliminating odors, and imparting a pleasant
fragrance to the air.
The purified and conditioned air is then circulated back into the room using a
second blower. The system's integrated control system ensures optimal air quality
and temperature by automatically adjusting the fan speeds and filtration processes
based on sensor readings.
Features of the invention include:
• Self-contained design: No external venting required .
• Dual-layer filtration: HEPA filter and East Indian Grass for efficient air
purification.
• Natural cooling and humidity control: East Indian Grass regulates humidity
and temperature .
• Odor elimination: Effective removal of unpleasant odors.
• Energy efficiency: Minimal energy consumption for continuous operation .
• Quiet operation: Sound-dampening technology for a peaceful environment.
• Easy installation and maintenance: Simple setup and filter replacement.
This innovative ventilation system offers a practical and efficient solution for
improving indoor air quality and comfort in enclosed spaces, particularly in
residential settings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure I (Drawing Sheet 01/03): Shows the overall assembly view of the
ventilation system with the main components labeled.
Figure 2 (Drawing Sheet 02/03): Illustrates the system's airflow pattern and
filtration stages.
Figure 3 (Drawing Sheet 03/03): Details of the control system and component
integration diagram.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, an advanced ventilation system for inner-side attached
bathrooms in residential buildings, comprises three main functional components:
air intake, air filtnition and cooling, and air outlet. Each component is designed to
work in harmony, providing an effective solution for ventilation in spaces where
conventional methods are not feasible. The following description provides a
comprehensive overview of each component's role in the system.
The system comprises three main components:
Air Intake (Blower 0 I)
• Strategic positioning for optimal air draw
• Forced convection principle
• Direct path to filtration system
Filtration and Cooling System
I. HEPA Filtration Stage:
o 99.97% particle removal efficiency
o Targets particles 2:0.3 microns
o Removes dust, pollen, mold spores
2. East Indian Grass (Vetiver) Stage:
o Natural cooling through evaporation
o Humidity regulation
o Additional air purification
o Natural fragrance addition
Air Outlet (Blower 02)
• Compensates for velocity loss
• Ensures effective air circulation
• Integrated control system
AIR INTAKE (BLOWER 01)
Configuration
The air intake system is primarily facilitated by Blower (01), a key component of
the invention. This blower is strategically positioned at the extreme sides of the
device, optimizing its ability to draw in air from the room efficiently.
Operational Mechanism
Blower 0 I operates on the principle of forced convection, actively drawing air from
the bathroom space into the ventilation system. This method ensures a consistent
and controlled airflow into the device, regardless of natural air currents within the
room.
Air Flow Path
Upon intake, the air is immediately directed toward the HEPA filter. This direct
path ensures that all incoming air undergoes filtration without any bypass,
maximizing the efficiency of the purification process.
Air Filtration and Cooling
The filtration and cooling process is a two-stage system, incorporating both
advanced synthetic filtration technology and natural cooling elements.
Stage One: HEPA Filtration .
HEPA Filter Specifications: Filtration Efficiency: Removes at least 99.97% of
particles 0.3 microns in size, Filter Material: [Specific material, glass fibers,
synthetic materials .
Filtration Process:
As air passes through the HEPA filter, it undergoes a thorough purification process.
The filter traps a wide range of airborne particles, including Dust and pollen, Mold
spores, Bacteria, Microscopic allergens, and Odor-causing particles.
Stage Two: Natural Cooling with East Indian Grass (Vetiver)
Vetiver Layer Specifications
Type: English East Indian Grass (Vetiver) Configuration: the grass is arranged, in
densely packed layers, woven mats, Cooling, and Additional Purification Process:
After HEPA filtration, the air flows through the vetiver layer, where it undergoes:
Natural cooling: The vetiver grass naturally reduces air temperature through
evaporative cooling. Humidity regulation: Vetiver helps in maintaining optimal
humidity levels. Additional purification: The grass acts as a natural filter, further
improving air quality. Aromatic effect: Vetiver imparts a subtle, pleasant fragrance
to the air.
Air Outlet (Blower 02)
Purpose and Positioning
Blower 02 is positioned at the air outlet of the device. Its primary function is to
compensate for any decrease in air velocity that may occur during the filtration and
cooling processes. Operational Mechanism: This blower increases both the
velocity and mass flow rate of the air as it exits the device, ensuring that the treated
air is effectively circulated back into the room.
System Integration and Control:
Airflow Management
The system incorporates intelligent airflow management to balance the operations
of Blower 0 I and Blower 02, ensuring optimal air circulation and energy efficiency.
This detailed description outlines the core components and processes of the
invention, demonstrating its innovative approach to solving ventilation challenges
in enclosed bathroom spaces. The combination of advanced filtration technology
with natural cooling elements, coupled with an efficient air circulation system,
provides a comprehensive solution for improving air quality and comfort in residential bathrooms.
Functional requirements and working of the present invention:
Implementation in Standard Residential Bathroom
A prototype of the ventilation system was installed in a standard-sized residential
bathroom (dimensions: 2.4m x 1.8m x 2.7m) without external windows or
ventilation access. The system was mounted on the ceiling with the following
specification-s:
System Configuration:
• Blower 0 I (Intake): 240V AC, 45W, 200 CFM capacity
• HEPA Filter: H 13 grade, 99.97% efficiency at 0.3 microns
• East Indian Grass Layer: 30cm x 30cm mat, 2.5cm thickness.
• Blower 02 (Outlet): 240V AC, 35W, 180 CFM capacity
• Housing Dimensions: 45cm x 45cm x !Scm
Test Results:
After continuous operation for 30 days:
I. Air Quality Measurements:
o Particulate matter (PM2.5) reduced by 92%
o Relative humidity maintained between 45-55%
o C02 levels maintained below 800 ppm
2. Odor Control Performance:
o Complete odor elimination achieved within 3 minutes of system
activation
o Residual odors undetectable after 5 minutes
3. Energy Consumption:
o Average daily power consumption: 1.2 kWh
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings,
which are given by way of example and should not be considered as limiting the
scope of the present invention.
Figure I (Drawing Sheet 01/03) is an overall assembly view of the ventilation
system showing:
• Main housing unit of the ventilation system
• First blower (Blower 01) for air intake
• HEPA filter assembly
• East Indian Grass (Vetiver) layer housing
• Second blower (Blower 02) for air outlet
• Control panel with integrated sensors
• Air intake grille
• Air o·utlet grille
• Mounting brackets for ceiling installation
• Access panel for maintenance
Figure 2 (Drawing Sheet 02/03) illustrates the system's airflow pattern and
filtration stages showing:
• Primary air intake path
• Air flow direction through HEPA filter
• Filtered air path to East Indian Grass layer
• Air flow through East Indian Grass (Yetiver) chamber
• Purified air path to outlet blower
• Final air discharge path
• HEPA filter element in cross-section
• East Indian Grass layer in cross-section
• (209) Air velocity indicators
• (210) Temperature and humidity sensor locations
Figure 3 (Drawing Sheet 03/03) details the control system and component
integration showing:
• Main control unit
• Power supply module
• Blower speed control circuits
• LED indicator panel
The drawings demonstrate the compact and efficient design of the ventilation
system, specifically engineered for installation in enclosed bathroom spaces
without external ventilation requirements. The system's components are arranged
to optimize air flow while maintaining accessibility for maintenance and filter replacement.
CLAIMS
We claim
I. A ventilation system for enclosed spaces comprising a first blower for air intake,
a HEPA filter, a layer of East Indian Grass (Vetiver), a second blower for air
expulsion, and a housing containing all components configured to operate without
external ventilation requirements.
2. The ventilation system as claimed in claim I, wherein said HEPA filter removes
at least 99.97% of airborne particles of size 0.3 microns or larger.
3. The ventilation system as claimed in claim I, wherein said East Indian Grass
layer provides natural cooling and purification of air passing through it.
4. The ventilation system as claimed in claim I, wherein said system comprises an
integrated control system with air quality sensors· for automated operation of the
blowers.
5. The venti"lation system as claimed in claim I, wherein said system operates
continuously in a closed-loop configuration to maintain consistent air quality
within the enclosed space .
6. A method of ventilating enclosed spaces comprising the sequential steps of
drawing air through a first blower, filtering through a HEPA filter, passing through
an East Indian Grass layer, and expelling through a second blower in a continuous
cycle.
7. The ventilation system as claimed in claim I, wherein said system is configured
to reduce humidity levels while maintaining air quality in the enclosed space.
8. A bathroom ventilation system comprising an air intake mechanism, a multistage
purification unit with HEPA filtration and East Indian Grass cooling stages,and an air outlet mechanism, all contained within a compact housing suitable for
bathroom installation.
9. The ventilation system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said system includes a
control unit for managing air quality and temperature parameters within the
bathroom space.
10. The ventilation system as claimed in claim I, wherein said system is configured
to eliminate odors while operating in a fully enclosed configuration without
external ventilation requirements.

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