IoT-Based Automatic Watering System for Efficient Water Management

Abstract

The most important cultural practice in water management and perhaps the most labor-intensive task in the day-to-day operations connected to farming or gardening is watering. It is very crucial to regulate the volume of water that reaches plants during both hot and dry days and too cloudy and wet days. Modern water application systems can water when required. However, the time and quantity of water for administration are critical requirements of manual watering. All manual activities can be replaced with an automated plant watering system and, thus, make gardening easy. An automated plant watering system in a garden or agricultural field assists plants in reaching their maximum potential and saves water. Such a system can be designed for every plant in the yard by using sprinklers, drip emitters, or a combination of both. Sprinkler systems, pipes, and nozzles are used to enable the plant to be automatically watered. This is a project using an Arduino Uno microcontroller that detects the moisture content of the plants at a given time. In case the moisture content becomes lower than the threshold value set based on the particular plant's requirement for water, it gives the required quantity of water until the threshold value is achieved.

Specification

Description:The invention is an advanced vehicle safety system designed to proactively prevent accidents by detecting obstacles and controlling vehicle speed. It integrates cutting-edge technologies, including soil moisture sensors, a microcontroller, submersible pump and an LED, to create a comprehensive accident-avoidance mechanism.

1. Arduino Uno Microcontroller:
Function: Primary microcontroller. Reads in inputs from the soil moisture sensor. Controls the submersible pump, as well as the LED.
• Properties: Programmable within the Arduino IDE. This will allow the conditions under which the pump will start to be set relative to the moisture level.
2. Soil Moisture Sensor:
• Function: Measures the percentage of moisture contained in the soil. It has two probes that can read the electric conductivity present in the soil; moist soil contains better electric conductivity than dry soil.
• Output: Converts the analog or digital signals sent from the Arduino to a display of water moisture levels.
3. Submersible Pump:
• Working: Supplies water from a source, a bucket, or a tank to the plants. The pump works only when the soil gets dry, drier than its set threshold.
• Power Source: Usually operated under a low-voltage source and is considered safe and energy efficient.
4. LED- Light Emitting Diode
• Function: It indicates the status of the system. It may mean that the pump is running or that the soil is moist enough.
• Colour coding is possible by using various colours to represent each status of the system (for example, red when the soil is dry and green when the soil is moist enough).
Operation:
• The system utilizes a soil moisture sensor that continuously senses the moisture state of the soil and decides if it is damp or dry.
• The control unit is Arduino microcontroller, which receives moisture status reports from the sensor.
• The Arduino engine either starts up or shuts down the pumping motor as long as it had recorded the soil moisture values. Once dry soils are detected, the pump is turned on to deliver water into the field until ideal levels of moisture are attained.
• During the process, Arduino continuously scans the soil condition to facilitate the effective management of moisture in irrigation.
• The system only pumps when there is need, giving water to plants in required amounts hence saving it. The system enhances crop production by utilizing water in the most effective way to grow.
, Claims:1.Automated Soil Moisture Monitoring: The system continuously monitors the soil moisture levels with corrosion-resistant sensors that exactly pick up the prevalence of wet and dry conditions.

2.Effective Water Management: The system maximizes water, waste prevention, and resource conservation by the automatic activation and deactivation of a submersible low-noise micro water pump by real-time soil moisture data.

3.Integration of the Arduino Microcontroller: It facilitates easy programming as well as processing of sensor data to drive an accurate control of the irrigation system.

4.Easy User Interface: The automated nature of the system limits instances of interference, making it easier for the user to attain favorable soil conditions without constant observation.

5.Improved Plant Growth: The application of the precise level of water to the plants will be supportive of healthier development and greater crop yield.

6. Sustainable Agriculture: With the technology, water conservation will be minimized, while the best usage of resources is improved, leading to a healthier agricultural environment.

7.Customizable Thresholds: Users can specify moisture thresholds for various plants, thus tailoring the necessary irrigation strategies depending on the crops.

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