“INVESTIGATING THE ANTIOXIDANT, ANTHELMENTIC, AND ANTI-DIABETIC PROPERTIES OF YOUNG TENDER BAMBOO SHOOTS AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD”

Abstract

The present invention relates to a phytochemically active Bamboo (Bambusa) shoot extract screened for bioactive compounds. The method for extracting a bioactive compound from Bambusa, comprising the steps of: i) Refluxing 100 grams of dried Bambusa in demineralized water for 4 hours; ii) Refluxing the Bambusa extract in aqueous methanol (50%) for 4 hours; iii) Refluxing the Bambusa extract in methanol for 4 hours; iv) Repeating steps (i), (ii), and (iii) for an additional 2 hours per solvent; v) Drying the residue after each extraction step; vi) Pooling the extracts obtained from steps (i), (ii), and (iii); vii) Concentrating the pooled extracts using a rotary evaporator; viii) Screening the concentrated extracts for phytochemical analysis. Figures 1 to 9

Specification

Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a novel method for extracting bioactive compounds from Bambusa (Bamboo) shoots, which involves a sequential extraction process using multiple solvents followed by phytochemical screening of the resultant extracts. Bambusa, a genus of bamboo plants, is known for its various traditional uses in herbal medicine, as well as its potential therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Despite the promising medicinal attributes of Bambusa, there is limited information regarding the specific bioactive compounds present in the plant, particularly in its shoots, which are often underutilized in traditional practices.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Medicinal plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins, which have been shown to exhibit a wide range of therapeutic effects. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds produced by plants and are responsible for the plant's medicinal properties. Many of these compounds have demonstrated biological activities that make them useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and cancer.
[0003] The identification and isolation of bioactive compounds from plant material are critical for the development of new pharmaceutical agents. However, the extraction process plays a significant role in determining the types and quantities of bioactive compounds obtained. Thus, the choice of solvents, extraction techniques, and extraction parameters (such as temperature and time) can significantly influence the efficacy and quality of the extract.
[0004] In ancient Indian medicinal systems including Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicinal systems, bamboo has been used to treat several diseases. Leaves and shoots of bamboo have great therapeutic potential and can be an alternative to natural and eco-friendly ways of healthcare in a sustainable manner [93]. Bamboo shoots are used as an ingredient in food and traditional medicine.
[0005] Bamboo possesses anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activities due to the presence of lignans. The leaf extract has great potential to prevent inflammatory, cardiovascular, hypertension, detoxification, respiratory diseases, metabolic, and neurological/neuropsychiatric diseases. Also, it has active constituents like flavonoids, polyphenols, and active polysaccharides, which possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering effects.
[0006] Bamboo shoots also provide a modest amount of protein which is essential for various bodily functions including muscle repair and enzyme production. The protein content of bamboo shoots is about 2.6 grams per 100 grams (Nirmala et al., 2007). While this may not be as high as other plant-based protein sources but it still contributes to the overall protein intake particularly in vegetarian and vegan diets prevalent among some communities in Northeast India.
[0007] 3 Biotech. 2017 May 31;7(2):120. doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-0776-8; Bambusa balcooa (Poaceae) is native to India and has been used traditionally by the tribes of Northeast India to treat diabetes. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the toxicity, anti-diabetic activity along with in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaf of B. balcooa in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and also identify active compounds by using HPLC. The acute toxicity test of aqueous extract of B. balcooa leaf revealed that the median lethal dose (LD50) of B. balcooa aqueous extract (BAQE) was 5.18 g/kg body weight in mice. Administration of BAQE at 100 and 200 mg/kg in alloxan-induced diabetic rats showed significant reduction in fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin while plasma insulin level was elevated compared to diabetic control. Both the doses were effective when compared to diabetic glibenclamide rats. The BAQE treated diabetic rats showed significant increase in the endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and decrease in malondialdehyde levels. HPLC analysis of BAQE showed the presence of rutin, gallic acid and β sitosterol. Thus, it can be inferred from this study that BAQE possess antidiabetic and in vivo antioxidant activity. The overall activity might be possibly due to the presence of potential antioxidants.
[0008] One of the challenges in extracting bioactive compounds from Bambusa is the complexity and diversity of its chemical composition. The plant contains a variety of bioactive compounds that may differ in solubility depending on their polarity. Some compounds may be water-soluble, while others may require organic solvents like methanol or ethanol for efficient extraction. Consequently, a simple single-solvent extraction process may not be sufficient to extract all the valuable compounds from Bambusa shoots.
[0009] To address this issue, multiple solvent extraction methods have been developed. Solvent mixtures, such as aqueous methanol, are commonly used to extract a wide spectrum of phytochemicals from plant material. The solvent's polarity can affect the solubility of various bioactive compounds, making it necessary to employ multiple solvents with different polarities to ensure a comprehensive extraction process. Moreover, the extraction conditions, including temperature, time, and method (e.g., refluxing), need to be optimized to maximize the yield and quality of the bioactive compounds.
[0010] Various methods for extracting bioactive compounds from plants have been described in the literature, including maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and reflux extraction. Reflux extraction is particularly advantageous for the extraction of heat-sensitive compounds, as it allows for the use of higher temperatures while maintaining a closed system that prevents solvent loss. This method is commonly used in the extraction of phytochemicals from plant material and is effective in obtaining both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds.
[0011] However, despite the effectiveness of these methods, the extraction of bioactive compounds from Bambusa shoots remains an area with limited standardized protocols. The need for a systematic and efficient method that can maximize the extraction of a broad range of bioactive compounds from Bambusa shoots, while maintaining the integrity of the phytochemicals, has not been fully addressed in prior art.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0012] The principal object of the present invention is to extract bamboo's tender young shoots using various solvents and assess the antioxidant, anthelmentic, and anti-diabetic properties in vitro.
[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient and reproducible method for extracting bioactive compounds from Bambusa shoots using a series of solvent-based extraction steps. The method ensures high yield and enhanced extraction of phytochemicals from the plant material, making the bioactive compounds available for further analysis and potential use in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, or cosmetic applications.
[0014] Another object of the present invention is to employ a sequential extraction process using three different solvents: demineralized water, aqueous methanol (50%), and methanol. This solvent combination is designed to extract a broad range of bioactive compounds with varying polarities, ensuring the inclusion of both water-soluble and organic-soluble phytochemicals.
[0015] Another object of the present invention is the method incorporates multiple refluxing steps (three times for 4 hours followed by two additional 2-hour steps for each solvent) to maximize the extraction of bioactive compounds. The extraction process is designed to ensure that the resultant extracts are of high quality and purity, providing a reliable source of active ingredients for subsequent applications.
[0016] Another object of the present invention is to concentrate the pooled extracts efficiently using a rotary evaporator. This process allows for the removal of solvents, thereby concentrating the bioactive compounds while preserving their chemical integrity. The rotary evaporation step ensures that the final extract is suitable for further analysis or formulation.
[0017] Another object of the present invention aims to screen the concentrated extracts for a broad range of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and other phytochemicals. This step is critical for identifying and quantifying the specific bioactive compounds present in the Bambusa extracts and determining their potential therapeutic applications.
SUMMARY
[0018] The present invention relates to the investigation of antioxidant, anthelmentic, and anti-diabetic properties of young tender bamboo shoots as a functional food. The present invention relates to a phytochemically active Bamboo (Bambusa) shoot extract screened for bioactive compounds.
[0019] According to an embodiment of this study looks at the antioxidant, anthelmintic, and antidiabetic qualities of young, fragile bamboo shoots using in vitro assays.
[0020] According to an embodiment of the present invention by using alpha-amylase enzyme inhibition, in vitro antidiabetic activity was measured, indicating potential impacts on glucose regulation.
[0021] The method for extracting a bioactive compound from Bambusa, comprising the steps of: i) Refluxing 100 grams of dried Bambusa in demineralized water for 4 hours;
ii) Refluxing the Bambusa extract in aqueous methanol (50%) for 4 hours;
iii) Refluxing the Bambusa extract in methanol for 4 hours;
iv) Repeating steps (i), (ii), and (iii) for an additional 2 hours per solvent;
v) Drying the residue after each extraction step;
vi) Pooling the extracts obtained from steps (i), (ii), and (iii);
vii) Concentrating the pooled extracts using a rotary evaporator;
viii) Screening the concentrated extracts for phytochemical analysis.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] The accompanying illustrations are incorporated into and form a part of this specification in order to aid in comprehending the current disclosure. The pictures demonstrate exemplary implementations of the current disclosure and, along with the description, assist to clarify its fundamental ideas.
[0023] Fig 1 shows the Young Bamboo
[0024] Fig 2 shows the External part of bamboo.
[0025] Fig 3 shows the Slices of bamboo
[0026] Fig 4 shows the Bamboo is soaked in water
[0027] Fig 5 shows the Extraction of bamboo
[0028] Fig 6 shows the Bamboo extract
[0029] It should be noted that the figures are not drawn to scale, and the elements of similar structure and functions are generally represented by like reference numerals for illustrative purposes throughout the figures. It should be noted that the figures do not illustrate every aspect of the described embodiment sand do not limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0030] Other objects, advantages, and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the present embodiment when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0031] While the present invention is described herein by way of example using embodiments and illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of drawing or drawings described and are not intended to represent the scale of the various components. Further, some components that may form a part of the invention may not be illustrated in certain figures, for ease of illustration, and such omissions do not limit the embodiments outlined in any way. It should be understood that the drawings and the detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claim.
[0032] As used throughout this description, the word "may" is used in a permissive sense (i.e. meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense, (i.e. meaning must). Further, the words "a" or "an" mean "at least one" and the word "plurality" means "one or more" unless otherwise mentioned. Furthermore, the terminology and phraseology used herein are solely used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as limiting in scope. Language such as "including," "comprising," "having," "containing," or "involving," and variations thereof, is intended to be broad and encompass the subject matter listed thereafter, equivalents, and additional subject matter not recited, and is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers, or steps. Likewise, the term "comprising" is considered synonymous with the terms "including" or "containing" for applicable legal purposes. Any discussion of documents acts, materials, devices, articles, and the like are included in the specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all these matters form part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention.
[0033] In this disclosure, whenever a composition or an element or a group of elements is preceded with the transitional phrase "comprising", it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition, element, or group of elements with transitional phrases "consisting of", "consisting", "selected from the group of consisting of, "including", or "is" preceding the recitation of the composition, element or group of elements and vice versa.
[0034] The present invention is described hereinafter by various embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein reference numerals used in the accompanying drawing correspond to the like elements throughout the description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment set forth herein. Rather, the embodiment is provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the following detailed description, numeric values and ranges are provided for various aspects of the implementations described. These values and ranges are to be treated as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. In addition, several materials are identified as suitable for various facets of the implementations.
[0035] The present invention relates to the investigation of antioxidant, anthelmentic, and anti-diabetic properties of young tender bamboo shoots as a functional food.
[0036] The present invention relates to a phytochemically active Bamboo (Bambusa) shoot extract screened for bioactive compounds. The method for extracting a bioactive compound from Bambusa, comprising the steps of:
i) Refluxing 100 grams of dried Bambusa in demineralized water for 4 hours;
ii) Refluxing the Bambusa extract in aqueous methanol (50%) for 4 hours;
iii) Refluxing the Bambusa extract in methanol for 4 hours;
iv) Repeating steps (i), (ii), and (iii) for an additional 2 hours per solvent;
v) Drying the residue after each extraction step;
vi) Pooling the extracts obtained from steps (i), (ii), and (iii);
vii) Concentrating the pooled extracts using a rotary evaporator;
viii) Screening the concentrated extracts for phytochemical analysis.
[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention this study looks at the antioxidant, anthelmintic, and antidiabetic qualities of young, fragile bamboo shoots using in vitro assays.
[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention in contrast to traditional treatments, anthelmintic activity demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy. Using alpha-amylase enzyme inhibition, in vitro antidiabetic activity was measured, indicating potential impacts on glucose regulation.
[0039] In an embodiment of the present invention the method for prepare a
Collection of Drugs:
• The young tender shoots of Bamboo were collected from local market. Authentication of plant was done at SRMC, College of applied sciences, Botany Department, Shivamogga. Authenticated as Bambusa vulgaris.
• The young shoots were cut in to small pieces, & it is washed with water. After washing the young shoots were kept in water for 5 days.
• Every morning, the previously soaked water was syphoned off and fresh water was used.
• After 5 days, the young shoots were dried. The dried shoots were stored in a closed container for further studies.
Extraction of the drug in different solvents.
[0040] To isolate different extracts, the dried powder of Bambusa vulgaris was extracted by refluxation method as reported by Forsyth (1955)
[0041] Extraction with water, Aqueous methanol 50% & methanol was done.
Solvents
1. Water ( De mineralized water)
2. Aqueous methanol (50%):
3. Methanol
Procedure:
[0042] 100 gms of dried Bambusa was refluxed with all the solvents three times for 4 hrs, followed by another two times for 2 hrs respectively, residue was dried each time before extraction with next solvent. The extracts were pooled together & concentrated by rotary evaporator. All the extracts were screened for the phytochemical analysis. The % yield was calculated with reference to dried powder drug & the results are tabulated.
Sl No Solvent Colour % Yield
01 Water Dark chocolate brown 2
02 Aqueous methanol Creamish white 1.6
03 Methanol White 1.4

Phytochemical screening of bamboo shoots extract:
1. Carbohyrate Test
a. Molischs Test:
[0043] Filtrate was treated with 2 drops of alcoholic alpha-napthol solution in a test tube and 2 ml of con.sulphuric acid was added carefully along th sides o the test tube. Formation of violet ring at the junction indicates the presence of carbohydrates.
b. Benedicts test:
[0044] Filtrate was treated with benedicts reagent and heated on water ath. Formation of orange red precipitate indicates the presence of reducing sugars.
2. Alkoloids Test:
a. Mayers Test:
[0045] Few ml of extract was treated with Mayers reagent. Foraion of cream or pale yellow precipitate indicates the presence of alkaloids.
b. Hagers Test:
[0046] Few ml of extract was treated with Hagers test reagent.Formation of yellow ppt indicates the presenc of alkaloids.
c. Wagners Test:
[0047] Few ml of extract was treated with Waners test ragent.Formation of rddish brown ppt indicates the presence of alkaloids.
3.Protein Test:
a. Biurets Test:
[0048] Add 2ml of sodium hydroxide and 5to6 drops of copper sulfate solution to it.shake the test tube gently to mix the ingredients thoroughly and allow the mixture to stand for 4to5 minutes .if there is appearance of bluish -violet colour,it indicates the presence of protein.
b. Ninhydrin Test:
[0049] A 1 percent solution of amino acid is prepared in distilled water and a few drops of 2 percent ninhydrine solution is added to this solution the test tube the kept in a hot water bath for approximately 5 minutes. After a few minutes a blue or violet colour indicates the presence of amino acids, amine and protein groups.
4. Tannins Test:
a. Test with Ferric chloride:
[0050] To the solution of sample added ferric chloride, A blue, black, violet or green ppt or colour confirms the presence of tannins.
5.Flavonoids Test:
a. NaOH test:
[0051] To the extract add 10 percent NaOH was added. Formation of yellow colour indicates presence of Flavonoids.
b. Ferric chloride test:
[0052] Extract was treate with ferric chloride solution. Formation of green to black colour indicates presence of Flavonoids.
6. Glycosides Test:
a. Keller Killianis test:
[0053] Extract the powder with water glacial acetic acid add ferric chloride and add con. sulphuric acid through the sides of the test tube, brown ring at the junction of liquid, indicates the presence of glycosides.
b. Legals Test:
[0054] To the glycoside solution add sodium nitro preside solution and add sodium hydroxide, red colour indicates the presence of glycosides.
Tabular column:
SL.NO TEST Macerated methanol extract Hot methanol extract Aqueous extract
1 Carbohydrate Test
a. Molischs test:
b. Benedicts test:
+
+

+
+


+
+
2 Alkaloid Test
a. Mayers test:
b. Hagers test:
c. Wagners test:
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
3 Protein Test
a. Biurete test:
b.Ninhydrin test:
c.Xanthoproteic test:
d.Iodine test:
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
4 Tannins test:
a.Ferric chloride test:
+
+
+
5 Flavonoids test
a.NaOH test:
b.Fecl3 test:
+
+
-
+
+
+
6 Glycosides test
a.Keller killiani test:
b.Legals test:
+
+
+
+
+
+

[0055] Test samples of the Extracts was prepared at the concentrations, 3,6,9 &12 mg /ml in distilled water and 6 earthworms (Lumbritus terrestris) in each group of approximately equal size (same type) were placed in each petridish containing 25ml of above test solution of bamboo extract. Standard Albendazole (500 mg/ml) was used as reference standard and double distilled water has control. All the test solution and standard drug solution were prepared freshly before starting he experiment. The time taken for the paralysis and death of the earthworms were noted.
Anthelmintic property of Bambusa extracts:
Sl no Group Concentration Mg/ml Time taken for paralysis in seconds of Lumbritus terrestris Time taken for Death in seconds of Lumbritus terrestris
01 Control
Double filtered Distilled water ----------- -----------
02 Standard
Albendazole
500
183
366
03 Aqueous extract 3 30 83
6 20 48
9 10 48
12 08 30
[0056] Evaluation of Anti-oxidant activity:
[0057] In -vitro free radical scavenging activity of the extracts and isolated compounds was determined using a method based on the reduction of a methanolic solution of the coloured DPPH (1-1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl). The activity was expressed as effective concentration at 50% reduction (EC50) or the concentration of the test solution requires giving a 50% decrease in absorbance compared to that of blank solution.
Reagents:
1. DPPH solution: A working solution DPPH having an absorbance of .9 at 516nm was used.This was prepared by taking 75µl of stock solution containing 4.3µg of DPPH in 3ml of methanol.
2.Standard solution: Ascorbic acid was used as a standard free radical scavenger. 50mg of ascorbic acid was dissolved in 100ml of methanol.
3.Test solution: The aqueous extract and methanolic extract were tested. The 1mg per ml test solution of the extracts were prepared by dissolving them in respective solvent.
Procedure:
[0058] To 75µl of DPPH solution in methanol, different concentrations of ascorbic acid were added and the volumes were made up to 3ml with methanol. DPPH diluted to 3ml was taken as blank. Decrease in absorbance in the presence of ascorbic acid was noted down after 15min.Linear regression was applied for concentration and % inhibition and EC50 was calculated. The test solutions were treated in the similar manner and the EC50 values were calculated.
O.D extract absent - O.D extract present X 100
O.D extract absent

SAMPLE % OF INHIBITION EC50
Ascorbic acid 50.44 18mcg
Water extract 51.18 12.5mcg
Aqueous Methanol extract 50.27 25mcg
The results are tabulated in the above table.
[0059] Invitro Anti Diabetic Activity(Alpha amylase inhibition)
Alpha amylase inhibition Assay
Formula:
(Ac - As)
Percentage inhibition % =
× 100
Ac
Absorbance of Acarbose
Concentration of glucose µg/ml Absorbance of standard Absorbance of control(Acarbose) Percentage of Inhibition (%)
25 0.047 0.042 10.63±0.000577
50 0.047 0.0256 45.53±0.000333
75 0.047 0.024 48.93±0.000318
100 0.047 0.0086 81.70±0.000318
125 0.047 0.006 87.23±0.000577
[0060] Absorbance of Bamboo extract
Concentration of glucose µg/ml Absorbance of standard Absorbance of control(Bamboo extract) Percentage of Inhibition (%)
25 0.047 0.027 42±0.001453
50 0.047 0.029 38±0.020342
75 0.047 0.021 55±0.020502
100 0.047 0.02 55.3±0.000333
125 0.047 0.017 63±0.000333

[0061] Determination of Glucose Adsorption Capacity:-
[0062] Principle: In the presence of atmospheric oxygen, glucose present in the specimen is oxidized by the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
[0063] Thus formed H2O2 oxidatively couples with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in presence of peroxidase (POD) to form red-colored quinoneimine dye, which is measured calorimetrically at 514 nm. The intensity of the colour is directly proportional to the concentration of glucose present in the specimen.


[0064] Requirements: GOD-POD glucose diagnosing kit, glucose, shaker water bath.
[0065] Preparation of stock solution
Glucose solution- about 18.016gm of glucose was weighed and dissolved in small amount of distilled water then diluted up to 100ml to make 1000mM ( stock solution).
[0066] Preparation of series of dilutions
From the stock solution dilutions were made to prepare 5mM (0.005M), 10mM (0.01M), 20mM (0.02M), 50mM (0.05M) and 100mM (0.1M) solution i.e., 0.5ml, 1ml, 2ml, 5ml, and 10ml of the stock solution was taken and diluted up to 100ml with distilled water to get 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100mM glucose solution respectively. From each above series of dilutions 10μl of the solution was taken into the ephendroff's tubes separately to which 1ml of working reagent was added (prepared from GOD-POD kit) and observed for original glucose concentration i.e., G1 using colorimeter at 514 nm.
[0067] Preparation of 1% Extract solution
250mg of the extract was weighed and added into small amount of distilled water and sonicated, diluted to 25ml to make it 1% of the solution.
[0068] Procedure
[0069] To 25ml of the each 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100mM of glucose 1ml of 1 percent solution of plant was added and mixed properly. The mixture was then incubated on a shaker water bath which was maintained at 37°c for 6 hrs for thorough mixing of the solution. After 6hrs of the incubation the mixture was collected separately in ephendroff's tubes and centrifuged at 4000rpm for 20minutes. The supernatant was analysed using GOD-POD kit in colorimeter at 514 nm for the determination of glucose bound using the given formula.
Formula: The amount of glucose bound was determined by using given formula and the results were expressed in the terms of mM/L.
G1 - G6
Glucose bound =
× volume of solution
Weight of sample

G1 = original glucose concentration G6 = Glucose concentration after 6 hours.
[0070] Glucose Adsorption Capacity by GOD-POD Method
The adsorption of glucose was noticed at all concentrations of extract, and the binding capacity was found to be proportional to the molar concentration of glucose.
[0071] Glucose concentration before and after incubation with Acarbose standard.
Glucose concentration G1 mg/dL G6 mg/dL
5mM 302.1 92.8±0.1
10mM 450.6 120.9±0.152753
20mM 526.3 193.2±0.1
50mM 713.2 212.6±0.305505
100mM 1240.4 328.7±0.057735
[0072] The values are mean ± SEM of triplicate determination.
[0073] Glucose Adsorption by Acarbose Standard
Concentration of glucose solution Glucose bound (mg) Glucose bound (mM/L)
5mM 20.93±0.1 1.1618±0.00015
10mM 32.97±0.152753 1.8301±0.00014
20mM 33.31±0.1 1.849±0.00202
50mM 50.06±0.305505 2.778±0.001
100mM 91.17±0.057735 5.0608±0.000267
[0074] Glucose concentration before and after incubation with Bamboo extract
Glucose concentration G1 mg/dL G6 mg/dL
5mM 302.1 115.0±0.66667
10mM 450.6 214.26±0.53333
20mM 526.3 387.36±0.088192
50mM 713.2 390.2±0.152753
100mM 1240.4 482.36±0.13333
Concentration of glucose solution Glucose bound (mg) Glucose bound (mM/L)
5mM 18.7±0.66667 1.0380±0.000153
10mM 23.58±0.53333 1.3089±0.000219
20mM 13.89±0.088192 0.7710±0.000167
50mM 32.27±0.152753 1.7913±0.000145
100mM 75.83±0.13333 4.2104±0.00012
[0075] The values are mean ± SEM of triplicate determination.
[0076] Glucose Adsorption by Bamboo extract
[0077] The values are mean ± SEM of triplicate determination
[0078] Glucose concentration in mM = Glucose concentration in mg X 0.05551
[0079] RESULTS
[0080] The extract of Bamboo was incubated with glucose solution of different concentration for 6 hours and analysed for glucose concentration. The difference in the glucose content before and after incubating with extracts represents the adsorption capacity. The glucose binding capacity was observed to be increasing with increasing concentration.
[0081] The extract was more effective in adsorbing glucose at both lower and higher concentrations which may proportionate by hinder of glucose transport across the intestinal lumen. The data clearly proclaims that Bamboo extract shows intervene with transportation of into bloodstream and thus control the across the intestinal epithelium post postprandial glucose levels.
[0082] The adsorption capacity can be attributed to presence of fibres in the plant as fibres are reported to adsorb glucose. From the results it is evident that Bamboo extract is showing significant Glucose adsorption capacity. Higher the glucose adsorption capacity lower will be the PPBS.
[0083] Further, the operations need not be performed in the disclosed order, although in some examples, an order may be preferred. Also, not all functions need to be performed to achieve the desired advantages of the disclosed system and method, and therefore not all functions are required.
[0084] Various modifications to these embodiments are apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and the accompanying drawings. The principles associated with the various embodiments described herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the description is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown along with the accompanying drawings but is to be providing the broadest scope consistent with the principles and the novel and inventive features disclosed or suggested herein. Accordingly, the invention is anticipated to hold on to all other such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the present invention and appended claims.
, Claims:1. A phytochemically active Bamboo (Bambusa) shoot extract screened for bioactive compounds.
2. The method for extracting a bioactive compound from Bambusa as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
i) Refluxing 100 grams of dried Bambusa in demineralized water for 4 hours;
ii) Refluxing the Bambusa extract in aqueous methanol (50%) for 4 hours;
iii) Refluxing the Bambusa extract in methanol for 4 hours;
iv) Repeating steps (i), (ii), and (iii) for an additional 2 hours per solvent;
v) Drying the residue after each extraction step;
vi) Pooling the extracts obtained from steps (i), (ii), and (iii);
vii) Concentrating the pooled extracts using a rotary evaporator;
viii) Screening the concentrated extracts for phytochemical analysis.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dried Bambusa is refluxed three times in each solvent for 4 hours followed by two additional refluxing steps for 2 hours in each solvent.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the aqueous methanol used for extraction is 50% methanol and 50% water by volume.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the extracts are concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to remove the solvents.
7. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drying of the residue between extractions is carried out under a vacuum to remove excess solvent.
8. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the extraction is performed at a temperature between 50°C and 80°C during each refluxing step.

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