INTEGRATED IOT-BASED WATER HYACINTH GROWTH DENSITY SURVEILLANCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Abstract

Abstract of the invention: Title: Integr~ted loT-Based Wa~er Hyacinth Growth Density Surveillance for Environmental Protection The pervasive growth of water hyacinth poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide, necessitating an innovative and proactive approach to environmental protection. Thus the proposed strategy leverages advanced technology, equipped with sensors for pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, and Nitrate, to continuously monitor key water parameters in vulnerable water bodies.Our solution focuses on real-time data transmission and alerts, 1B01U)f6!fr. ·~'"' i'. Al enabling;flarlyoiiltervention and control measures. The quantified parameters, bas 'm'"cod1!uo d'"o·n~g~' ttTe lron ueturat ' , O1'1M'1;- o·1 sso Iv e d 0 xygen, an d N'J lral~, serve as k·e y ~18~<::/Jl im!is:~ e : l,lljng water hyacinth growth, with specified threshold ranges triggering an alert system.The proposed methodology involves the deployment of the loT system in water bodies for efficient and scalable network deployment. The sensors, calibrated for accurate measurements, continuously monitor parameters critical for water hyacinth growth. Data is transmitted to the cloud providing an interface for further analysis and triggering alerts to relevant authorities. The integration of an alert system, utilizing email or SMS notifications, facilitates timely intervention by Non- Governmental Organizations, environmentalists, and government agencies. The system's versatility allows for two data transmission approaches, balancing the need for real-time monitoring with resource efficiency.ln essence, the proposed integrated water hyacinth growth density survei I lance system addresses the shortcomings of existing methods, otfering a comprehensive, real-time, and efficient solution for environmental protection. By focusing on continuous monitoring and early detection, the system contributes to safeguarding aquatic ecosystems, supporting informed decision-making, and ensuring the well-being of communities dependent on these vital resources.

Specification

Description:
Title: "Integrated loT-Based Water Hyacinth Growth Density Surveillance for
Environmental Protection"
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to the prediction of water-hyacinth growih in
aquatic environments. The core concept emphasizes continuous monitoring of
key water parameters in highly vulnerable water bodies. The deployment of
the 'Integrated loT-based water monitoring platform equipped with various
sensors (pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Nitrate), enables ongoing
surveillance, facilitating timely intervention as needed. These sensors ensure
24x7 monitoring of the specified parameters, and deviations from normal
values serve as indicators of potential water hyacinth growth. Upon breaching
predetermined threshold values for any parameter, an alert system activates,
notifying Non-Governmental Organizations, environmentalists, and
government agencies. This proactive approach enables early detection.
preventing the widespread proliferation of water hyacinths across water
bodies.
·Background of the invention
Water hyacinth is highly invasive in aquatic bodies which majorly affects the
aquatic ecosystem. The presence of water hyacinth in aquatic bodies greatly
consumes the available dissolved oxygen present in it. Depletion of dissolved
oxygen makes the water body inadequate for other aquatic organisms .
Extensive growth of Water hyacinth in a particular region makes locomotion
problems for the people living along it. Thus growth of water hyacinth greatly
affects the people who are dependent on water bodies for their day to day
survival. Therefore continuous monitoring and prediction of growth of water
hyacinth at the earliest will be more crucial in solving this problem.
Traditionally, the growth of water hyacinth had been kept under control by doing manual and mechanical elimination which required huge man power and
an investment but eventually efficiency in removal is very low , Later some
biological and chemical methods have also been proposed but they have their
own drawbacks.
In addition, various methods have been utilized in the past to address the issue
of monitoring and controlling water hyacinth growth, including Geographical
Information System (GIS) and multi-criteria evaluation, a three-stage
hierarchical categorization system, water hyacinth growth mathematical
models, and machine learning. algorithms such as Rando·m Forest (RF),
Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Classification and Regression Tree
(CART). However, these methods have their limita_tions. GIS and multicriteria
evaluation research may be constrained by complexity and reliance on
limited data obtained at specific intervals, potentially failing to adequately
capture the ever-changing nature of surrounding elements. Additionally,
assumptions made during the multi-criteria evaluation process could affect
prediction accuracy. The three-stage hierarchical categorization system is
effective for large-scale and long-term monitoring but may not be able to
anticipate the earliest stages of watt:r hyacinth growth. Mathematical models
proyide a foundation for evaluating control measures but may not be suitable
for predicting water hyacinth dynamics in temperate winters or capturing
intricate spread patterns. Utilizing Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 satellite images in
conjunction with machine learning algorithms, efforts were made to identify
water hyacinth and estimate its spatial coverage. However, these methods
encountered challenges in effectively identifying small and fragmented water
hyacinth weeds using medium-resolution satellite data.
Existing methods mentioned above heavily relied on datasets fraught with
limitations, including complexity, low accuracy, limited data availability, and
an inability to prevent initial growth. The present invention focuses on
monitoring key water quality parameters that facilitate the accelerated growth
of water hyacinth, employing real-time data transmission and alerts to
proactively prevent its development. The loT -based approach offers benefits
such as immediate monitoring, early-stage prevention, reduced complexity,and real-time accessibility of ~atasets.
Objectives of the invention:
The main objective of this invention is to introduce an integrated water
hyacinth growth density surveillance system aimed at addressing the threat
posed by water hyacinth to aquatic ecosystems. The system leverages
advanced technology equipped with sensors for pH, Dissolved Oxygen,
Temperature, and Nitrate to continuously monitor crucial water parameters in
vulnerable water bodies. The primary focus of this solution is on real-time data
transmission and alerts, facilitating early intervention and control measures.
Parameters such as temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, and Nitrate serve as
key indicators for predicting water hyacinth growth, with specified threshold
ranges triggering an alert system.
The objectives are to (i) address global water hyacinth threats using advanced
technology (ii) employing sensors for real-time monitoring of key water
parameters (iii) Early intervention is facilitated through an alert system
triggered by specified threshold ranges. An efficient and scalable loT system
is deployed for continuous monitoring, anu a versatile notification system
ensures timely responses from relevant entities.
The goal is to provide a comprehensive, real-time solution, safeguarding
aquatic ecosystems and supporting informed decision-making for community
well-being.
Summary of the invention:
In summary, the proposed solution aims to predict the growth rate of water
hyacinths in water bodies through an integrated loT system. By continuously
monitoring key water parameters such as temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen,
and Nitrate levels, our approach provides real-time insights into the conditions
conducive to water hyacinth proliferation.
The comprehensive loT platform, powered by rechargeable lithium-ion or
non-rechargeable batteries and featuring diverse sensors, enables continuous monitoring and data collection. Reprogram mabie functionality and Over-theAir
Programming (OTAP) allow for customization and wireless updates,
enhancing flexibility and productivity.
Data transmission to the cloud via an loT gateway router facilitates further
analysis and the .operation of an alert system. Alerts are triggered when
threshold values are exceeded, enabling timely intervention by relevant
stakeholders. .
The system offers two data transmission approaches: daily transmission of
average sensor data for resource efficiency, and continuous transmission for
real-time monitoring and trend analysis.
Overall, the proposed solution provides several advantages:(i) Early
prediction of water hyacinth growth through continuous monitoring of key
parameters.(ii) Customizable and flexible loT platform, allowing for tailored
functionality and wireless updates.(iii) Efficient use of resources with options
for daily or continuous data transmission.(iv) Real-time alerts enable timely
intervention and control measures by stakeholders.(v)Comprehensive
understanding of water body conditions, facilitating informed decisionmaking
and proactive management of aquatic ecosystems.(vi)By leveraging
these advantages, our solution offers an effective and proactive approach to
mitigating the impact of water hyacinth growth on aquatic ecosystems
worldwide.
Brief description of drawings:
Figure I depicts the process flow of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention:·
The present invention aims to predict the growth rate of water hyacinths in
water bodies through an integrated loT system. The system employs Integrated
loT-based water monitoring platform to enable real-time monitoring of crucial
water parameters. The parameters under consideration are temperature, pH,dissolved oxygen, and nitrate levels. The monitoring platform is equipped with
· a series of sensor probes, comprising a Temperature sensor, pH sensor,
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) sensor, and Nitrate sensor.
Water hyacinth is a remarkabl.e aquatic plant species that flourishes in warm
temperatureS ranging between· 20 °C tO 41 °C (68 °F tO 106 °f), With a
particular preference for heat, and is vulnerable to colder climates. The plant
is indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions, and it attains optimal growth
within the preferred temperature range of 28 °C to 30 °C (77 °F· to 86 °F),
exhibiting exceptional adaptability to its environment.
The growth and development of water hyacinth are significantly influenced by
the pH level of its surroundings, with a preference for neutral to slightly acidic
conditions within a fixed threshold range of 6.5 to 8.5. The plant's sensitivity
to pH levels underscores the importance of monitoring and managing them to
control water hyacinth growth and mitigate ecological impacts.
Dissolved oxygen, a critical factor that supports water hyacinth's metabolic
processes, plays an essential role in aiding nutrient absorption and energy
production. Elevated levels of dissolved oxygen (DO), within the fixed
threshold range of 1-4 milligrams per litre (mg/L), contribute to the rapid
proliferation and formation of dense mats.
Similarly, nitrate serves as a vital nutrient that facilitates the synthesis of
essential proteins and enzymes, with a fixed threshold range of 5.5 to 20
milligrams per litre (mg/L). Nitrate is the primary source of nitrogen and
promotes vigorous plant development in aquatic environments. However, it is
noteworthy that Nitrate and Dissolved Oxygen levels require close attention,
as their elevation can stimulate excessive proliferation, disrupt ecosystems,
outcompete native vegetation, and negatively impact water quality.
The ability to predict growth accurately necessitates a comprehensive
monitoring of these factors over an extended period. The duration required to
make a prediction is dependent on the complexity of the ecosystem and the
precision of the data collected. To accurately establish trends and patterns in
the growth of water hyacinth, it is typically necessary to collect data over a period of several weeks or even months. This is because the growth of water
hyacinth is subject to a variety of factors, including seasonal changes and local
conditions, which can have a significant impact on the rate of growth. To
ensure accurate and reliable monitoring, it is imperative to monitor these four
specific parameters continuously.
To. achieve this, data must be collected from. the sensors 24/7. The
comprehensive loT platform, incorporating diverse sensors, is powered by a
rechargeable lithium-ion battery featuring a 6600 rnA· h capacity and a
nominal voltage of3.7 V.This rechargeable battery can be replenished using
a solar panel. Alternatively, a non-rechargeable battery is available, boasting
a capacity of52000 mA·h and a nominal voltage of3.4 V. For sensor probes
recharging, a waterproof USB cable is utilized. An External Battery Module
(EBM) serves as an accessory to extend battery life, with the extension period
ranging from months to years based on sleep cycles and radioactivity.
Reprogramming the loT monitoring platform provides the flexibility to tailor
its functionality" to specific applications or use cases. Reprogramming can be
done through Over-the-Air Programming (OTAP), which enables wireless
reprogramming of installed sensor nodes via Wi-Fi or 4G radios. This wireless
procedure eliminates the need for physical contact, resulting in significant time
savings and increased productivity.
Following reprogramming, data is transmitted to the Cloud through an loT
gateway router designed to connect sensor networks to the Internet using
Ethernet and 4G/3G/2G interfaces. The router features an loT platform with a
Manager System that offers a secure web interface for controlling all
networking interfaces and system options. Furthermore, the router provides
plug-ins facilitating easy connectivity with third-party cloud servers. Thus the
data is sent to the cloud for further operations to maintain the alert system
based on conducive conditions. Then depending on the range, an alert will be
given to Non-Governmental Organizations, environmentalists, and
gov·ernment agencies.
The system employs an alert mechanism that uses emails or SMS to notify
authorities of conducive conditions, enabling timely intervention and initiation of control measures. Alert will be given whenever the threshold value and
threshold time limit are exceeded.
Data transmission can be done in either of the 2 ways: (i) To optimize resource
utilization and minimize network congestion, a prudent approach involves
. transmitting average sensor data once daily, prioritizing the essential
information needed for alerts. This strategy strikes a balance by ensuring
relevant data is communicated without overwhelming the network with
unnecessary transmissions. The choice to transmit once daily enhances
resource efficiency, addressing concerns of congestion ·and resource
consumption while maintaining the system's functionality. (ii) By leveraging
available 24/7 data, it is possible to develop growth prediction models that ·
enable continuous data transmission. This approach enables the collection and
analysis of data in real-time, providing businesses and organizations with a
more detailed and comprehensive understanding of their operations. The
continuous transmission of data can also facilitate the identification of trends
and patterns, which can be used to inform decision-making processes. Thus it
is feasible to anticipate a denser growth of water hyacinth by employing these
measures.




Claims:
1/We claim,
I. The present invention claims an integrated loT-based water monitoring
system that enables proactive monitoring and early intervention to mitigate
the impact of water hyacinth infestations on aquatic ecosystems.
2. The process of claim I, involves the incorporation of diverse sensors
such as pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Nitrate sensors in the
proposed comprehensive loT platform.
3. The process of claim I, entails utilizing an loT network to facilitate
continuous data transmission from sensors to a cloud-based platform.
4. The process of claim 3, involves employing a cloud-based platform for
data analysis and alert generation based on predetermined threshold ranges
for various parameters such as pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and
Nitrate levels.
5. The process of claim 4 involves notifying th~ relevant stakeholders,
including Non-Governmental Organizations(NGOs), environmentalists,
and government agencies, of detected threshold breaches.
6. The process of claim 2, wherein the threshold ranges are set as 28 °C
to 30 °C (77 °f to 86 °f) for temperature, 6.5 to 8.5 for pH, 1-4 milligrams
per litre (mg!L) for Dissolved Oxygen, and 5.5 to 20 milligrams per litre
(mg/L) for Nitrate. Among the four parameters, DO level and Nitrate level
·are monitored more closely for accuracy.
7. The process of claim 3, wherein the reprogramming of the proposed
. system can be done through Over-the-Air Programming(OTAP) that
allows for wireless reprogramming of installed sensor nodes using Wi-Fi
or 40 radios. This wireless process saves time and boosts productivity by
removing the need for physical contact.
8. The process of claim 3, outlines the deployment of an loT router,
emphasizing advantages such as resistance to interference, long-range
.coverage, efficiency, and resistance to multipath fading.
9. The present invention claims compatibility with rechargeable batteries
replenished via a renewable source, specifically solar panels.
I 0. The process of claim 5 incorporates a dual-mode data transmission
approach. The primary method encompasses a once-daily transmission of
average sensor data, ensuring the efficient communication of pertinent
information without causing network congestion. Meanwhile. the
secondary approach involves continuou~ data transmission, enabling the
development of a growth prediction model through the utilization or 24/7
data availability. This dual strategy provides flexibility, optimizing
_resource utilization while harnessing continuous data streams for
predictive modeling.

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