IGNITION INTERRUPTION DEVICE USING ALCOHOL SENSOR

Abstract

ABSTRACT The project addresses global road safety challenges by integrating innovative features to combat drowsy driving, drunken driving, and inadequate helmet use. By enforcing sobriety, helmet use, and alertness of the rider, this smart helmet substantially reduces the possibility of accidents. Further, it integrates a speed-controlling system depending upon the alertness of the rider and thus assures disciplined driving. This is an innovative solution for the prevention of fatalities and injuries, offering a high social impact on riders' protection and enforcement of safety rules. The smart helmet thus serves as a proactive way of minimizing road accidents and loss of life. The idea provides a proactive approach to enhancing road safety and mitigating the impact of key contributors to accidents worldwide

Specification

"IGNITION INTERRUPTION DEVICE USING ALCOHOL SENSOR"
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention relates to the field of road safety, specifically addressing the prevention of accidents
involving motorcycles. It introduces a smart helmet system designed to mitigate risks associated
with drowsy driving, alcohol-impaired driving, and non-compliance with helmet usage. The
invention integrates a combination of sensors, including an alcohol detection sensor, an eye blink
sensor, and a helmet use verification system, which together ensure that the rider is sober, alert, and
wearing a helmet. Furthermore, the invention includes a throttle control mechanism that prevents
the motorcycle from operating if any of these safety conditions are not met. By focusing on realtime
monitoring and automated control, this invention contributes to enhanced rider safety, reducing
the likelihood of accidents caused by human error, and enforcing critical road safety regulations.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Road safety remains a critical global concern, with a significant number of accidents involving
motorcycles. These accidents often result from factors such as drowsy driving, alcohol impairment,
and failure to wear protective gear like helmets. According to the World Health Organization
-(WHO), road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death worldwide, particularly in low- and
~middle-income countries where motorcycles are a common mode of transportation. Helmet use is
~ proven to reduce the risk of death by 42% and the risk of head injuries by 69%, yet many riders still
neglect this vital safety measw·e.
C. Additionally, alcohol consumption impairs judgment and reflexes, making drunken driving a major
~ contributor to road accidents. Drowsiness while riding also poses significant risks, as it leads to
._ delayed reaction times and loss of focus, which can result in fatal crashes.
~ In· response to these challenges, there has been a growing demand for innovative technologies that
~ can enhance rider safety by addressing these critical risk factors. The existing solutions, however,
~ are often reactive and depend on manual intervention, such as law enforcement checks or voluntary
.o... . compliance by riders. This invention aims to offer a proactive solution that integrates real-time
-::r monitoring and automatic enforcement of safety protocols, significantly reducing the chances of
~ accidents due to human error.
0
N o The smart helmet system addresses these issues by combining alcohol detection, helmet usage
~ verification, and drowsiness monitoring into a single, comprehensive solution. By incorporating a
~ throttle control mechanism that prevents the motorcycle from operating if the rider fails to meet any
:!:: of these safety conditions, this invention provides a groundbreaking approach to enforcing safe
~ driving behavior. Through this innovation, the invention offers a substantial contribution to global
~ road safety efforts, with the potential to save lives and reduce the burden of road traffic injuries.
DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SOLUTION
1. Lack of Real-Time Monitoring:
Most safety systems are reactive rather than proactive. They rely heavily on manual enforcement,
such as random police checks for alcohol impairment or helmet compliance, rather than real-time
monitoring. This means that unsafe behaviors can go undetected until after an accident occurs,
limiting the ability to prevent accidents proactively.
2. No Automated Enforcement of Safety Protocols:
While helmets and breathalyzers exist as separate safety measures, there is often no mechanism to
enforce their use automatically. Riders can choose not to wear helmets, and drunken riders may still
be able to operate their motorcycles, putting themselves and others at risk. These safety devices
depend on voluntary compliance or external enforcement, both of which are unreliablt:.
3. Failure to Address Drowsy Driving:
Existing motorcycle safety systems typically do not account for rider fatigue, which is a major cause
of accidents. While there are systems in cars to monitor driver alertness, such technology has not
been widely implemented in motorcycles, leaving drowsy driving unchecked.
_ 4. Limited Integration of Multiple Safety Features:
~Current solutions tend to address individual risk factors in isolation, such as standalone
Ill breathalyzers, helmet laws, or drowsiness detection systems in other vehicles. However, they fail to
'; integrate these critical safety features into a single, comprehensive system for motorcycles, which
E limits their overall effectiveness in ensuring rider safety.
-1- N 5. Lack of Automatic Speed Control: E Existing safety mechanisms do not typically incorporate a way to control the motorcycle's speed in
o response to the rider's condition. If a rider is drowsy, intoxicated, or not wearing a helmet, the
. ~ motorcycle can still operate at full capacity, which increases the risk of accidents. Without a system
1.1') that automatically limits or cuts off the throttle, these dangers remain present. en
M :g 6. Inconsistent Helmet Use Compliance:
; Even though helmets are proven to reduce fatalities and injuries, there are still many regions where
~ helmet laws are not strictly enforced, or riders deliberately avoid wearing helmets. This issue is
o exacerbated by a lack of built-in technology that verifies whether a rider is wearing a helmet and
~ automatically prevents operation if the helmet is not in use.
ADVANTAGES OF PRESENT DISCLOSED INVENTION
1. Real-Time Monitoring:
The smart helmet continuously monitors key rider conditions in real-time, including helmet use,
alcohol intoxication, and alertness. This ensures that potential hazards are detected immediately,
allowing for proactive intervention to prevent accidents.
2. Automated Enforcement:
Unlike existing systems that rely on voluntary compliance or manual enforcement, this invention
automatically enforces essential safety protocols. If the rider is not wearing a helmet, is intoxicated,
or drowsy, the system prevents the motorcycle from functioning, ensuring that unsafe behaviors are
addressed immediately.
3. Integrated Safety Features:
The smart helmet combines multiple safety features-alcohol detection, helmet use verification, and
drowsiness monitoring-into a single, cohesive system. This integration allows for comprehensive
rider protection, addressing multiple risk factors simultaneously rather than in isolation.
4. Throttle Control Mechanism:
A key feature of this invention is its ability to control the motorcycle's throttle. If any unsafe
_condition is detected, such as the rider being drunk, drowsy, or not wearing a helmet, the throttle
~position sensor (TPS) is cut off, preventing the bike from operating. This automatic intervention
Ill directly reduces the chances of accidents by eliminating the rider's ability to operate the motorcycle
'; under unsafe conditions.
C. 5. Prevention of Multiple Risks:
N The system targets three primary causes of motorcycle accidents-alcohol impairment, drowsiness, E and helmet non-compliance--effectively reducing the likelihood of accidents due to any of these
o factors. This multi-faceted approach significantly enhances overall road safety for both the rider and
LL.
~ other road users.
1.1')
~ 6. Enhancement of Road Safety Compliance:
:g By making the operation of the motorcycle contingent on wearing a helmet and being in a sober,
; alert state, the system enforces compliance with critical safety regulations without requiring external
~ monitoring. Riders are compelled to follow these safety measures, which increases overall
~ adherence to road safety laws.
0
~ 7. User-Friendly and Seamless Design:
N The sensors and control systems are embedded in the helmet and integrated with the motorcycle's
-~ throttle system in a way that does not interfere with the rider's comfort or experience. This ensures ~ that the helmet remains practical and easy to use while offering enhanced safety.
8. Reduction in Fatalities and Injuries:
With its automated safety protocols, the smart helmet reduces the risk of accidents caused by human
error, such as impaired judgment from alcohol consumption, falling asleep while riding, or
neglecting to wear a helmet. By preventing the motorcycle from operating under unsafe conditions,
the invention has a direct impact on reducing road fatalities and serious injuries.
9. Social Impact:
The invention holds significant social benefits, contributing to public health and safety by
addressing major causes of motorcycle accidents worldwide. It offers a proactive solution with high
potential to reduce the burden of road traffic accidents, benefiting both individual riders and society
at large.
10. Adaptability to Various Environments:
The system is adaptable to different regions ;m(l regulatory environments, making il suitable for
widespread adoption in countries with varying road safety challenges. Its flexibility allows it to
address local enforcement gaps, particularly in areas with weak helmet law enforcement or high
rates of alcohol-related accidents.
SUMMARY OF INNOVATION
i Q) The present invention introduces a smart helmet system designed to address critical road safety
g> issues related to drowsy driving, drunken driving, and helmet non-compliance. This innovative
D.. solution integrates several safety features into a single system, significantly enhancing rider safety
and reducing the risk of accidents.
The smart helmet is equipped with:
1. Alcohol Detection (MQ3 Sensor):
Detects alcohol levels in the rider's breath, automatically disabling the motorcycle if the rider's
~ blood alcohol concentration exceeds safe limits.
en
~ 2. Helmet Use Verification (Push Button): .
~ Ensures that the motorcycle can only be operated when the rider is wearing the helmet. A push
~ button located inside the helmet engages with the rider's head and signals the system when the
S helmet is properly worn.
~
~ 3. Drowsiness Detection (Eye Blink Sensor): Monitors the rider's eye activity, detecting prolonged eye closure (more than four seconds), which
indicates drowsiness. The system disables the motorcycle if the rider is found to be drowsy '
N 4. Throttle Control Mechanism:
A receiver located on the motorcycle's throttle position sensor (TPS) receives signals from the
helmet's sensors. If the rider is intoxicated, not wearing a helmet, or drowsy, the system
automatically cuts off the throttle, preventing the motorcycle from operating.
This system proactively addresses multiple causes of motorcycle accidents by ensuring that the rider
is sober, alert, and wearing a helmet before allowing the motorcycle to operate. It automatically
enforces these critical safety measures without requiring manual intervention, greatly improving
compliance with safety regulations. By integrating real-time monitoring and control, the smart
helmet provides an effective, user-friendly, and practical solution to enhance road safety and reduce
fatalities and injuries.
The invention offers a groundbreaking approach to road safety by:
• Preventing motorcycle operation under unsafe conditions.
• Reducing the likelihood of accidents caused by human error.
• Promoting compliance with helmet use and sobriety requirements.
OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of the present invention is to enhance road safety for motorcycle riders by
developing a smart helmet system that proactively prevents accidents caused by drowsy driving,
alcohol impairment, and helmet non-compliance. This invention aims to significantly reduce the
risk of road traffic accidents and fatalities by integrating real-time monitoring and automatic
_enforcement of essential safety protocols. Specifically, the objectives of the invention are
~ 1. E~sure Hel.met Compl~anc~: . . .
Cll Automatically venfy that the nder Is weanng a helmet and prevent the motorcycle from operatmg 1f
E the helmet is not properly worn.
-1- N 2. Detect Alcohol Impairment: E Monitor the rider's alcohol levels using a breath detection sensor, preventing the motorcycle from
~ functioning if the rider is intoxicated. --::1'
~ 3. Detect Drowsiness: .
M Monitor the rider's alertness using an eye blink sensor, cutting off the motorcycle's throttle if the
:g rider exhibits signs of drowsiness. . .....
-::1'
~ 4. Automate Safety Protocols:
~ Eliminate the need for manual enforcement or external monitoring by integrating all critical safety
0 features into a single helmet system that automatically enforces compliance.
M S. Reduce Accident Rates:
:!:: By addressing the primary causes of motorcycle-related accidents, such as alcohol consumption,
~ fatigue, and helmet non-use, the invention aims to lower the incidence of accidents, injuries, and
~ fatalities on the road.
6. Promote Disciplined Driving:
Introduce a throttle control mechanism that ensures disciplined driving by preventing unsafe riders
from operating their motorcycles.
The overarching objective is to create a safer riding environment and contribute to the global
reduction of road traffic accidents, particularly those involving motorcycles, through innovative
technology.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT WITH RELEVANCE TO THE
ARCHITECTURAL DIAGRAM
FIGURE 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 1 -WORKING PROCESS
FIGURE 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 2- PROTOTYPE
l<'IGURE 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 1 -WORKING PROCESS
The whole setup comprises of the transmitter in the helmet consisting of an Arduino Uno interfaced
with the MQ3 alcohol sensor, one push button, an RF transmitter the eye blink sensor, and an RF
receiver in the bike at the TPS.
The push button is located inside the helmet, exactly at the top, and just hits the head of the rider
Cil while putting on the helmet. It remains engaged with the rider's head while the helmet is worn. It
g> only disengages when the helmet is removed. The MQ3 sensor is in the cheek region of the helmet
D.. which detects alcohol levels and changes in the exhaled breath of the motorcycle rider. The system ! can estimate the level of ethanol concentration and give a HIGH response when this level goes
i= beyond 200 ppm. An eye blink sensor is connected to the system which is controlled by an
N algorithm run in Anaconda Navigator. The condition to remain in LOW is when the rider wears the
E helmet and should not be drunk and close his eyes for more than four seconds. The data thus o received is evaluated by the rnicrocontroller and sent to the RF transmitter. This converts the DC
!:!:: pulses to 433 MHz RF signal. This RF signal is received by the receiver located on the Throttle ;g Position Sensor (TPS). Our aim is to control the throttle position sensor.
en
~ The TPS will be cut off if the push button is LOW, the MQ3 sensor is HIGH and/or eye blink
sensor is HIGH, i.e., the rider is not wearing a helmet, is drunk and/or is drowsy. Even if any one
of the conditions fails, the system will not work.

~ Why control acceleration - Disadvantages of ignition locking system: -0
1. It is very easy to start a bike without using a key, by pulling off the ignition wire and
reattaching to the cap socket. So, this method is not foolproof, as every motorcycle driver will
have a working knowledge of this feature and override the ignition lock.
2. If the ignition is locked, the bike might stop abruptly leading to accidents
FIGURE 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM 2- PROTOTYPE
1. Helmet Setup
The helmet setup integrates the Arduino Uno as the central microcontroller, the MQ3 Alcohol
Sensor is strategically positioned in the helmet's cheek region to measure ethanol concentration in
the rider's breath, providing crucial data on alcohol levels. A Push Button, located at the top of the
helmet, detects whether the helmet is worn by engaging with the rider's head; it remains engaged
when the helmet is on and disengages when removed. Additionally, the Eye Blink Sensor monitors
the rider's eye closure to detect drowsiness. Finally, the RF Transmitter transmits data from the
helmet to the bike's receiver.
2. Bike Setup
On the bike, the system includes an RF Receiver that captures the signals sent from the helmet's RF
transmitter. This data is used to control the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS), which adjusts the
throttle based on the received information, thus ensuring the safe operation of the motorcycle.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The suggested system consists of a smart helmet and motorbike module equipped with sensors such
as MQ3 alcohol sensor to detect sobriety, eye blink sensor to detect drowsiness and push button to
detect the wearing of the helmet. After processing the sensor data, the Arduino UNO uses the
Q) several threshold conditions set to determine whether the rider is under the influence of alcohol, is
g> driving drowsily or is not wearing the helmet. If either of the conditions is not met, the bike
D.. decelerates by controlling the throttle position sensor
Q)
j:: Operation Logic -N
E 1. Push Button . .
0 The push button, located at the top of the helmet, plays a critical role in the system's functionality.
-;L:gL It is engaged when the helmet is worn, ensuring that the helmet is correctly positioned on the rider's head. When the helmet is removed, the button disengages, signaling that the helmet is not being •
en worn.

~ 2. MQ3 Sensor
~ The MQ3 sensor, placed in the helmet's cheek area, detects the rider's breath alcohol levels. It
S sends a lllGH signal to the Arduino Uno if the ethanol concentration in the rider's breath exceeds
~ 200 ppm, indicating the rider is potentially intoxicated.

3. Eye Blink Sensor
~ The eye blink sensor monitors the duration of the rider's eye closure. If the rider's eyes remain
~ closed for more than four seconds, the sensor signals drowsiness. This data is processed by an
S algorithm running in Anaconda Navigator to evaluate the rider's alertness.
4. Condition for Throttle Cutoff
The system is designed to cut off the throttle if any of the following conditions are met: the Push
Button is LOW, indicating the helmet is not worn; the MQ3 Sensor is HIGH, indicating the rider is
drunk with an alcohol level greater than 200 ppm; or the Eye Blink Sensor is HIGH, suggesting the
rider is drowsy with eyes closed for more than four seconds. The throttle will only operate normally
if all conditions are within safe parameters.
5. Data Transmission
The rnicrocontroller processes sensor data and sends it to the RF Transmitter, which converts DC
pulses into a 433 MHz RF signal. The RF Receiver then receives this signal on the bike. Based on
the received data, the receiver controls the TPS to ensure the motorcycle operates safely.

·CLAIMS
We Claim,
(1] A Smart Helmet System designed to address road safety challenges by integrating sensors to
monitor helmet usage, rider sobriety, and alertness, thus reducing the chances of accidents.
[2] The helmet is equipped with an MQ3 Alcohol Sensor strategically placed near the rider's
mouth to detect ethanol levels in the rider's breath, ensuring that the throttle is disabled if the
alcohol concentration exceeds 200 ppm.
[3] A sensor system continuously monitors the rider's helmet status, eye blink duration, and alcohol
levels, ensuring safety by sending the necessary signals to control the bike's throttle in real time.
[4] The centralized control unit, powered by an Arduino Uno, processes sensor data to automate
. throttle cutoff, speed control, and alerting functions, ensuring proper helmet wear, rider sobriety,
and alertness before enabling the bike's operation.
-Q)
[5] The system includes a wireless data transmission mechanism using RF communication
between the helmet's transmitter and the bike's receiver, ensuring real-time data relay for
immediate action based on the rider's condition.
g> [6] A method for automating rider safety, comprising of monitoring the rider's helmet status,
D.. detecting alcohol levels using the MQ3 sensor, and evaluating eye closure using an eye blink sensor,
with automatic throttle cutoff when unsafe conditions are detected.

I- N [7] A modular and scalable design that allows additional safety features to be integrated into the
E system without altering the existing control infrastructure, ensuring flexibility and adaptability for
0 various types of motorcycles.

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