Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties Of Concrete With Jute Fiber

Abstract

Concrete, a globally used construction material, lacks tensile strength without reinforcement. Researchers explore novel materials to enhance reliability and sustainability. Notably, concrete contains significant carbon due to cement use. Recent research indicates jute fiber's (JF) potential to enhance concrete's mechanical strength and reduce carbon emissions. This study analyzes JF's application in mechanical properties and environmental impact, addressing a literature gap. Experiments added JF at varying percentages (0%, 0.10%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%) and conducted tests in fresh and hardened states (slump, CS, STS, FS, WA). Embodied carbon (EC) ratios were computed. Results show JF reduces environmental impact, with optimal proportions (e.g., 0.10% JF) enhancing CS, STS, and FS. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) created a model for JF effects. The study identifies potential benefits for advancing concrete through JF utilization.

Specification

Description:DESCRIPTION

1. TITLE: Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties Of Concrete With Jute Fiber

2. FIELD OF INVENTION
This study analyzes JF's application in mechanical properties and environmental impact, addressing a literature gap. Experiments added JF at varying percentages (0%, 0.10%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%) and conducted tests in fresh and hardened states (slump, CS, STS, FS, WA). Embodied carbon (EC) ratios were computed.
3. ABSTRACT: Concrete, a globally used construction material, lacks tensile strength without reinforcement. Researchers explore novel materials to enhance reliability and sustainability. Notably, concrete contains significant carbon due to cement use. Recent research indicates jute fiber's (JF) potential to enhance concrete's mechanical strength and reduce carbon emissions. This study analyzes JF's application in mechanical properties and environmental impact, addressing a literature gap. Experiments added JF at varying percentages (0%, 0.10%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%) and conducted tests in fresh and hardened states (slump, CS, STS, FS, WA). Embodied carbon (EC) ratios were computed. Results show JF reduces environmental impact, with optimal proportions (e.g., 0.10% JF) enhancing CS, STS, and FS. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) created a model for JF effects. The study identifies potential benefits for advancing concrete through JF utilization.

4. BACKGROUND:
Despite its widespread usage in construction, concrete has drawbacks such as poor tension strength, fissure susceptibility, and limited fracture strain capacity. Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is thought to be a workable way to improve the material's brittleness and tensile strength. Concrete components can be reinforced with a variety of fibers, both organic and inorganic; the choice of fiber depends on characteristics like as composition, length, and flexibility. Thin fibers, particularly microfibers with widths of microns, efficiently lessen plastic shrinkage cracks by lowering permeability and leaking. Although they are pricey and stiff, studies mostly concentrate on steel, carbon, glass, and propylene fibers. In emerging nations, composites made of natural fiber-reinforced cement are becoming more affordable options for building construction. Natural fibers are being more and more used in reinforcing materials because of their capacity to decompose and environmental sustainability. They are inexpensive, strong, recyclable, and safe for the environment. Bio composites- especially those made with natural fibers-have taken the role of synthetic polymers in a number of industries, including the automotive, construction, and aviation sectors. It has been demonstrated that adding coconut, sugarcane bagasse, Roselle, sisal, hemp, and jute to concrete composites improves their compressive and tensile strength. The addition of roselle fiber strengthened the cement matrix, making it less brittle and more ductile.

Natural fibers included in cement-based materials serve as fissure arrestors, halting the spread of fractures and averting disastrous consequences. Improved tensile strength and flexibility are achieved in building materials made with continuous fiber reinforcement. According to research that has already been done, jute fiber (JF) in concrete shows a lot of potential for a variety of uses, such as affordable building materials, gypsum-based walls, and lightweight roofing. For industrial machinery basic structures, this method works effectively. Using natural fibers in cement composites is an eco-friendly and adaptable option for a range of building uses. Because they are abundant, affordable, and made from annual plants, jute fibers (JF) have gained interest as a potential substitute in concrete composites. Their structural adaptability, wide availability, and antimicrobial qualities render them appropriate for a range of uses, especially as reinforcements in laminated and bionic composites. Jute textiles are perfect for outdoor use because of their antimicrobial, shielding properties against UV rays, and pentagonal or hexagonal cross patterns. Because of its exceptional mechanical qualities, jute textiles are used in many different sectors and satisfy both structural and budgetary requirements.

Adding Jute Fiber (JF) increased the fibrous surface area of the concrete, which decreased its fluidity and increased its abrasiveness. The study discovered that adding 2% JF increased the maximum mechanical strength to the greatest extent possible, with the biggest gains occurring in the areas of split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), and compressive strength (CS). But mechanical qualities deteriorated after a 2% point. By influencing density, water absorption, drying shrinkage, and resilience to acidic conditions, JF inclusion enhanced durability qualities. Increased JF content was shown to be positively correlated with lower slump in newly mixed concrete in another investigation conducted by Muhammad S. Islam et al.

5. OBJECTIVE OF INVENTION
Jute and sisal fibers have better mechanical qualities than those of coconut and sugarcane fibers, as shown by materials that have been reinforced with these fibers. According to research, jute fibers have a density seven times lower than that of steel fibers and a tensile strength between 250 and 300 MPa, which makes them useful for a variety of applications. Studies on cementitious composites that take into account continuous and extended jute fibers show benefits in terms of strength, resistance to external forces, and resistance to cracks. Variables including fiber type, amount, and infill affect the characteristics of natural fiber-reinforced concrete (NFRC). Sufficient fiber content and ideal conditions are essential for NFRC operation. While there is disagreement about the use of jute fiber (JF) and issues with corrosion and thermal expansion when using steel fibers in concrete, JF's environmental effect is taken into account throughout the whole processing and cultivation cycle. Since jute can be grown in a variety of climates and requires less pesticides, it is typically considered an environmentally beneficial crop. Concerns regarding the long-term structural integrity of jute fibers are raised by the possibility of their deterioration over time as a result of alkaline assault, moisture exposure, and microbes in concrete settings. The evaluation of JF's environmental effect takes into account several elements, including farming techniques, energy sources, transportation, and processing techniques, all of which contribute to the fiber's reputation as being reasonably ecologically benign. JF's carbon footprint is calculated using the embodied carbon factor from the literature that is currently accessible.


6. SUMMARY OF INVENTION:

The main material used in the experiment was ordinary Portland cement (OPC), which ensured that the binders met ASTM C150M-15 criteria. Jute was procured from local sources, highlighting its essential function in the formulation of concrete. The acquired jute was evaluated in accordance with supplier guidelines to verify its appropriateness for concrete manufacturing. To improve the quality of reinforced concrete, it is important to keep an eye on the growth of jute within the concrete and assess its structural soundness. Jute and concrete bonding at its best increases component strength. A local vendor was used to purchase micro silica, and after conveyance, the density and pertinent properties of the material were evaluated. The results of the study showed a relationship between the characteristics of the material, its reduced capacity to absorb water, and its enhanced capacity to absorb water by materials of particular particle sizes. While fine aggregate was readily accessible locally, coarse material was purchased from a merchant in the vicinity. To satisfy water requirements in the production of self-consolidating concrete, a Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (SP) with a density of 1200 kg/m³ was purchased from nearby vendors. Jute and superplasticizers were cross-matched in an effort to find any possibly dangerous chemical components.
The concrete under investigation complied with ACI 211.1-91 requirements for jute-free controlled samples. Response surface methods (RSM) and Design Expert 13 software were used to illustrate the effect of varying jute quantities as an independent variable on the dependent variables by including them into the compounds. Implementing Mix Design was made easier by RSM manipulation within the software's best design selection. There were several composite formulas made, with jute content varying from 0% to 0.75%. Relevant to the investigation were freshly mixed and cured concrete studies, which included collapse cone assessments, water absorption (WA), embodied carbon (EC), split tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), compressive strength (CS), and eco-strength efficiency (ESE). While RSM produced a variety of mixes with varying JF proportions, the mixture's consistent ingredients were micro silica, gravel, fine sand.

Fresh Properties: Slump Flow: The slump flow of concrete decreases with increased JF content due to JF's water absorption and cohesive properties. The control mix (0% JF) had an 85 mm slump flow, while adding 0.10% JF reduced it by 10.5%, and 0.25% JF reduced it by 22.3%. Higher JF content (0.50% and 0.75%) led to greater reductions of 41.1% and 54.11%, respectively.
Mechanical Properties:
1. Compressive Strength (CS): Control mix CS was 59 MPa. Adding 0.10% JF improved CS by 6.77%, with the optimal JF addition being 0.10%. Higher JF (0.50% and 0.75%) decreased CS by 3.39% and 11.86%, likely due to fiber agglomeration.
2. Split Tensile Strength (STS): STS for the control mix was 5.62 MPa. Adding 0.10% JF increased STS by 6.91%, and 0.25% JF achieved the highest STS improvement (3.21%). Above this, STS reduced slightly.
3. Flexural Strength (FS): The control mix FS was 4.76 MPa. Adding 0.10% JF increased FS by 9.63%. However, higher JF levels led to minimal FS improvement, with a reduction at 0.75% JF.
ANOVA Analysis Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM): ANOVA and RSM were used to evaluate the influence of JF on concrete's properties, confirming statistical significance with low p-values (≤0.05) and high F-values. High R-squared values indicated model reliability for predicting properties like CS, STS, FS, Embodied Carbon (EC), and Eco-Strength Efficiency (ESE).
Sustainability:
1. Embodied Carbon (EC): The cubic model with an F-value of 9.68 million suggested that JF addition impacts EC positively.
2. Eco-Strength Efficiency (ESE): ESE improvement was significant with an F-value of 148.03, highlighting JF's beneficial role in enhancing sustainability by reducing EC per unit strength.

7. INFORMATION ABOUT DRAWING
Figure 1.Compression test of jute fibre

8. Industrial Applicability: Structural Engineering
, Claims:CLAIMS
I/We CLAIM the following,
The present work employed statistical models like Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and computational elements to examine the effects of jute fiber (JF) on the mechanical, fresh, and environmental characteristics of concrete. The following are the study's main conclusions:
1. Optimal Percentage of Jute Fiber: Based on scientific research, the best and most desired outcomes for concrete that has been mixed with JF are obtained when the concrete has a 0.10% JF content. Concrete's fresh and hardened characteristics do not show positive impacts over this proportion.
2. Statistical Significance: The use of forecast models based on p-values yielded statistically significant outcomes, which made a substantial contribution to the assessment of the mechanical characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete, both fresh and hardened.
3. Coefficients of Determination (R-squared): They are 0.9997, 0.9732, 0.9485, 0.9202, 0.9973, 0.999, and 0.9801 for slump flow, concrete's compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), water absorption (WA), embodied carbon (EC), and eco-strength efficiency (ESE), in that order.
4. Features of Slump: The lowest slump flow was seen at a JF percentage of 0.75%, and the maximum slump was noted at 0%. The build-up of JF in the concrete was the reason given for the reduction in slump flow of new concrete.
5. Mechanical Properties: The highest CS, STS, and Flexural Strength (FS), measured 63 MPa, 6.01 MPa, and 5.22 MPa, respectively, when 0.10% JF was included into the concrete.
6. Maximized Results: The investigation yielded optimal results for a number of characteristics, such as slump, concrete's CS, STS, WA, EC, and ESE. For these replies, the corresponding desirability level was determined to be 0.994.
7. Prognostication Formulas: By adding various percentages of JF, the derived equations may be used to forecast the characteristics of concrete with effectiveness.
These results provide important new information about how to optimize and forecast the characteristics of concrete by carefully using jute fiber.

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