ENERGY HARVESTING AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR MULTI AXLE VEHICLE WITH REAL-TIME MONITORING

Abstract

The invention relates to a four-wheeler energy harvesting system that captures, stores, and manages energy from thermoelectric and piezoelectric sources. The system comprises an energy generator module (101), including a thermoelectric generator (102) positioned near the vehicle's heat source to convert waste heat into electrical energy and piezoelectric generators (103) installed in areas exposed to mechanical stress, converting vibrations into electricity. The energy management system (104) integrates a battery (105) for long-term energy storage and a supercapacitor (106) for immediate power needs. An energy routing controller (107) dynamically allocates energy between the battery (105) and supercapacitor (106) based on real-time vehicle conditions. The system includes a communication module (108) for transmitting data to a cloud server (109), enabling remote monitoring and control via a mobile/web app (110). This system enhances vehicle efficiency by utilizing waste energy, reducing reliance on external power, and supporting auxiliary systems like lighting and climate control, increasing overall fuel efficiency and sustainability.

Specification

Description:The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:
TECHNICAL FIELD

[001] The present invention relates to energy management systems, specifically focusing on energy harvesting in multiple axle vehicles.

BACKGROUND
[002] In modern automobiles, energy efficiency and sustainability are crucial factors, as the automotive industry faces increasing pressure to reduce emissions, improve fuel economy, and make vehicles more environmentally friendly. The demand for auxiliary power in four-wheelers has increased significantly due to the proliferation of advanced systems such as infotainment, climate control, GPS navigation, lighting, and safety features. These systems place an additional burden on the vehicle's power supply, primarily provided by the engine, alternator, and battery. In electric and hybrid vehicles, the situation is even more challenging, as these energy-intensive systems further drain the limited stored electrical energy, affecting overall driving range and performance.
[003] Four-wheelers face challenges in balancing energy supply with growing demands and ensuring optimal performance. Traditional vehicles rely on mechanical energy from fuel combustion or stored electrical energy from batteries, leading to waste energy loss, battery strain, intermittent power needs, limited energy management flexibility, and suboptimal utilization of resources. The conventional battery is not designed to handle quick bursts of energy, making it less efficient in meeting these power demands. Current energy management systems lack dynamic adaptability, resulting in suboptimal utilization of available resources. Sustainability goals are also being met by inefficient harnessing of renewable energy sources, despite the increasing need to reduce emissions and adopt renewable energy recovery methods.
[004] At present, the challenges of energy management are addressed by installing larger or more powerful batteries and alternators, especially in hybrid and electric vehicles. In some cases, regenerative braking systems are used to capture kinetic energy and convert it into electrical energy to recharge the battery. However, these solutions have limitations in energy efficiency and do not fully harness available renewable or waste energy from heat or mechanical vibrations.
[005] Despite these advancements, traditional vehicles, which still dominate the global market, continue to operate with little regard for energy recovery.
[006] This invention presents a comprehensive solution to the above challenges by introducing a four-wheeler energy harvesting and management system.

SUMMARY
[007] Energy harvesting technologies, such as thermoelectric generators (TEG) and piezoelectric crystals (PEC), offer a viable solution for capturing and converting waste energy into usable electricity. TEGs can convert the heat generated by the exhaust system and other engine components into electrical energy, while PECs can harness mechanical energy from road vibrations and vehicle dynamics. By integrating these technologies into conventional vehicles, energy that is typically lost can be recaptured and stored for powering auxiliary systems or supporting hybrid powertrains.
[008] This not only improves overall vehicle efficiency but also aligns with the broader goals of green energy adoption by reducing the net energy consumption and carbon footprint of vehicles. Additionally, energy harvesting technologies can be used in conjunction with electric or hybrid powertrains to extend vehicle range, reduce fuel consumption, and further decrease emissions.
[009] The invention is about is an advanced energy harvesting system installed in a four-wheeler that utilizes Thermoelectric Generators (TEG), and Piezoelectric Crystals (PEC) to capture waste energy generated by the vehicle during various driving conditions. The energy harvested from these TEG and PEC is stored and managed using a sophisticated Energy Management System (EMS) that includes a battery, supercapacitor, and energy routing controller. This system ensures efficient energy capture, storage, and distribution to power auxiliary components, enhance fuel efficiency, and support electric or hybrid powertrains.
[0010] One of the standout features of the EMS is its ability to enhance the lifespan of the battery. By carefully managing how energy flows into and out of the battery, the system avoids deep cycling (i.e., discharging and recharging the battery too frequently or too much), which is one of the primary causes of battery degradation. Instead, the EMS intelligently uses the supercapacitor to handle fast and frequent power demands, thus preserving the health of the battery.
[0011] Additionally, the EMS is equipped with a predictive maintenance feature. It continuously monitors the performance and health of both the battery and the supercapacitor, using data analytics and machine learning algorithms to predict when maintenance is required. This ensures that the system operates efficiently without unexpected failures, minimizing vehicle downtime and costly repair


BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] The foregoing detailed description of embodiments is better understood when read in conjunction with the attached drawing.
[0013] Figure 1 is the block diagram description of the invention

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] The present invention relates to an advanced energy harvesting system designed for four-wheeled vehicles, specifically aimed at improving energy efficiency, sustainability, and performance. The system incorporates Thermoelectric Generators (TEG) and Piezoelectric Crystals (PEC) as key components to capture and convert waste energy generated by the vehicle during different driving conditions
[0015] In one of the embodiments, Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs) are strategically placed near heat sources in the vehicle, such as the exhaust manifold and engine compartment. These locations are selected because of their continuous heat generation during vehicle operation. The TEGs convert this heat, which would otherwise be wasted, into electrical energy. This thermal-to-electric conversion leverages the Seebeck effect, where temperature differences between the hot side (e.g., exhaust pipe) and cooler vehicle areas produce a voltage, which is then harvested and fed into the vehicle's energy system
[0016] In another embodiment, Piezoelectric Crystals (PECs) are installed in areas of the vehicle subjected to mechanical stress, such as the suspension system, tires, and floor panels. These crystals convert mechanical vibrations and road-induced shocks into electrical energy. The dynamic nature of driving, including braking, acceleration, and uneven surfaces, generates ample mechanical energy that the piezoelectric crystals capture. These vibrations are transformed into usable electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect, where applied mechanical stress produces a voltage across the material.
[0017] In one of the embodiment, The thermoelectric generator (TEG) converts waste heat from the vehicle's engine and exhaust system into electrical energy, while the piezoelectric generators capture mechanical energy from vehicle vibrations and stress, especially in high-impact areas such as the suspension system and chassis.
[0018] Referring to figure 1, depicts an energy harvesting and management system designed to efficiently capture, store, and manage energy from renewable sources. the invention includes a Energy Generator Module (101) which consists of different types of generators, such as Thermoelectric Generator (102) which captures energy from heat differentials, Piezoelectric Generator (103) which converts mechanical stress into electrical energy, Energy Management System (104), where the generated energy is directed to this system, which includes Battery (105) which stores the harvested energy for later use, Supercapacitor (106) which provides quick bursts of energy for immediate demands., Energy Routing Controller (107) which manages the distribution and flow of energy between the battery, supercapacitor, and other connected systems, Communication Module (108) which sends data related to energy management to a central system or cloud server, ensuring real-time monitoring and control, a cloud server (109) which stores and processes data collected by the communication module for analysis and optimization, and a Mobile/web app (110) which provides a user interface for remote monitoring and control of the energy system through a mobile or web-based application.
[0019] In another embodiment, the system is portable and easily attachable/detachable from a vehicle, allowing it to be used across multiple vehicles or environments, thus making it portable to be moved between different vehicles or installed in new vehicles.
[0020] This system efficiently harvests energy from renewable sources, stores it, and enables real-time monitoring and control via a cloud-based interface.
[0021] In another embodiment, the harvested energy from these TEGs and PECs is then fed into an Energy Management System (EMS), which plays a pivotal role in storing, managing, and distributing the energy effectively.
[0022] In another embodiment, the Energy Management System (EMS) includes several key components like battery, super capacitor, and, Energy Routing Controlle, that ensure efficient energy handling.
[0023] In another embodiment, A lithium-ion or similar battery is used to store the energy harvested from TEGs and PECs. The battery acts as the primary storage for longer-term use of energy, such as powering auxiliary vehicle systems like lights, infotainment, and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning).
[0024] In another embodiment, a supercapacitor is included in the EMS for quick energy storage and discharge. This component is highly efficient in capturing short bursts of energy, especially from piezoelectric sources, where mechanical stress generates a rapid but temporary flow of energy. The supercapacitor bridges the gap between energy generation and usage, providing quick power delivery to systems that require immediate power.
[0025] In another embodiment, the energy routing controller manages the flow of electrical energy between the TEGs, PECs, battery, and supercapacitor. It dynamically adjusts how energy is stored and distributed based on real-time vehicle demands, such as switching between stored battery power and supercapacitor bursts for different vehicle systems.
[0026] In another embodiment, the EMS is equipped with a predictive maintenance feature. It continuously monitors the performance and health of both the battery and the supercapacitor, using data analytics and machine learning algorithms to predict when maintenance is required. This ensures that the system operates efficiently without unexpected failures, minimizing vehicle downtime and costly repairs.
[0027] In another embodiment, the the Energy Management System (EMS) has an energy routing controller (ERC) which is designed to manage nd optimize the flow of electrical energy between different energy sources and storage components in the vehicle. It ensures that energy captured from the thermoelectric generator (TEG) and piezoelectric crystals (PEC) is efficiently allocated between the battery and supercapacitor.
[0028] In another embodiment, the energy routing controller (ERC) is capable of making real-time decisions based on vehicle conditions, energy availability, and power demand. This dynamic nature ensures that energy is routed based on optimal efficiency and the specific requirements of the vehicle's systems at any given time
[0029] In another embodiment, the energy routing controller (ERC) determines here the harvested energy should go-whether it should be stored in the battery for long-term use, routed to the supercapacitor for immediate power bursts, or used to power auxiliary systems directly.
[0030] In another embodiment, the energy routing controller (ERC) serves as the brain of the energy management system. It monitors energy levels in real-time, analyzing vehicle conditions, driving behaviour, and energy harvesting inputs to make decisions about where to route energy.
[0031] In another embodiment, based upon the different conditions mentioned below the ERC take dynmic decisions viz. if the battery is fully charged, excess energy is stored in the supercapacitor, if auxiliary systems require immediate power, and energy can be routed directly from the harvested energy sources, and during periods of high energy demand (e.g., acceleration in a hybrid vehicle), the controller draws power from both the battery and supercapacitor.
[0032] In another embodiment, the ERC manages the flow of energy between the thermoelectric generator, piezoelectric crystals, battery, and supercapacitor; and distributes the stored energy to power auxiliary vehicle systems and assist the propulsion system in hybrid/electric vehicles.
[0033] In another embodiment, once the energy is harvested and stored in either the battery or supercapacitor, the system is tasked with efficiently distributing it based on the vehicle's needs.
[0034] In another embodiment, the auxiliary system includes llighting, air conditioning, infotainment systems, and other secondary electrical components that may not directly impact the propulsion system but still require power to function.
[0035] In another embodiment, the energy routing controller (107) adjusts energy distribution during high-demand scenarios, such as vehicle acceleration or deceleration, by supplying energy from both the battery and the supercapacitor simultaneously to ensure optimal performance.
[0036] In another embodiment, in hybrid or electric vehicles, the energy stored in the battery or supercapacitor can be used to support propulsion. The ERC determine the optimal timing to release energy to the vehicle's motor, especially during acceleration or periods of high energy demand.
[0037] In another embodiment, the TEG and PEC generate energy continuously during vehicle operation. The energy routing controller analyzes energy levels and routes it to the battery or supercapacitor. The controller distributes stored energy to power auxiliary systems or the propulsion system.
[0038] In another embodiment, the EMS is connected to a communication module that enables remote monitoring and control via a cloud server. Data collected from the TEGs, PECs, battery, and supercapacitor is sent to the cloud, where it can be accessed by the vehicle owner or fleet managers via a mobile/web application. This allows for real-time monitoring of energy harvesting performance, battery health, and energy usage patterns. Through the app, users can track their energy savings, monitor the health of the system, and receive alerts for maintenance or faults. The remote control capability also provides the ability to adjust energy priorities, such as optimizing for efficiency or performance depending on driving conditions.
[0039] In another embodiment, the TEGs provide a sustainable and renewable power source by converting waste heat into useful energy, reducing the vehicle's reliance on traditional fuel sources. This not only improves the vehicle's fuel efficiency but also reduces its environmental impact by lowering emissions.
[0040] In another embodiment, the combination of TEG, PEC, and a well-optimized EMS makes the system a robust and adaptable solution for a variety of energy-harvesting applications.
[0041] In another embodiment, the method enhances fuel efficiency by reducing fuel-based energy production in hybrid systems. It supports green energy initiatives by recapturing and reusing wasted energy, reducing emissions. It also reduces strain on the battery by intelligently distributing energy between the battery and supercapacitor, extending its life and reducing frequent replacements.
[0042] Referring to figure 1, the communication module (108) facilitates the transfer of data between the intelligent controller and the cloud server. This module supports various IoT communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN, or cellular networks, enabling real-time data transmission. This allows users to monitor the system remotely through mobile or web applications.
[0043] In another embodiment, he harvested energy is efficiently managed using an integrated energy management system that includes a battery for long-term storage and a supercapacitor for short-term, immediate power needs. An energy routing controller dynamically allocates energy between these storage systems based on real-time vehicle conditions, ensuring energy is used optimally.
[0044] In another embodiment, the invention incorporates a communication module connected to a cloud server, enabling real-time monitoring of system performance, energy generation, and usage patterns through a mobile or web application. This allows users and fleet managers to monitor energy efficiency, predict maintenance needs, and optimize system performance remotely.
[0045] In another embodiment, by harvesting waste energy and optimizing the use of generated power, the invention reduces fuel consumption, improves the overall energy efficiency of the vehicle, and supports auxiliary systems, contributing to enhanced fuel economy and lower emissions.
[0046] In another embodiment, the system supports energy-intensive auxiliary systems, such as climate control, infotainment, and lighting, without drawing excessive power from the vehicle's primary battery, thus improving the overall driving experience.
[0047] In another embodiment, the system is suitable for integration into both traditional internal combustion engine vehicles and modern electric/hybrid vehicles. It significantly enhances energy efficiency, extends battery life, and reduces the vehicle's overall environmental impact. The system can also be extended to other transportation sectors, such as buses, trucks, or trains, where energy harvesting from waste heat and vibrations could provide additional benefits.
, Claims:1. A four wheeler energy harvesting system, comprising
a. a portable and detachable energy generator module (101) including
i. a thermo electric generator (102) positioned near a heat source of the vehicle, converting waste heat into electrical energy;
ii. a plurality of piezoelectric generators (103) installed in locations exposed to mechanical stress, converting mechanical vibrations into electrical energy;
b. a portable and detachable energy management system (104) connected to the energy generator module (101), including
i. a battery (105) for storing for storing long-term energy to power auxiliary systems such as lighting, infotainment, and HVAC;
ii. a supercapacitor (106) for storing short bursts of energy from the piezoelectric generators (103) and delivering quick power to systems requiring immediate energy;
iii. an energy routing controller (107) configured to manage and dynamically route energy between the battery and the supercapacitor based on real-time vehicle conditions, energy availability, and demand;
c. a detachable communication module (108) integrated with the energy management system (107), enabling remote monitoring and control via a cloud server (108), wherein the energy management system (107) collects data from the thermo electric generator (102), the piezoelectric generators (103), the battery (105) and the supercapacitor (106) and transmits it to the cloud server (108) for real-time monitoring of energy performance, system health, and energy usage patterns for transmitting system data to a cloud server;

and
d. a mobile/web application (110) for the user for remotely monitoring and controlling the system's performance.

2. The energy routing controller (107) as claimed in calim 1, wherein the energy routing controller (107) is configured to
a. dynamically manage the flow of electrical energy between the thermo electric generator (102), the piezoelectric generators (103), the battery (105) and the supercapacitor (106);
b. continuously monitor vehicle conditions, energy availability, and power demand in real time;
c. allocate harvested energy based on optimal efficiency, determining whether energy should be stored in the battery for long-term use, routed to the supercapacitor (106) for immediate power, or directly supplied to auxiliary systems or propulsion components;
and
d. adjust energy distribution during high-demand scenarios, such as vehicle acceleration, by supplying energy from both the battery (105) and the supercapacitor (106) simultaneously
3. A method for harvesting and managing energy in a four-wheeler vehicle, the method comprising the steps of
a. generating electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator (102) from waste heat produced by the vehicle's engine or exhaust system;
b. generating electrical energy using piezoelectric generator (103) from mechanical vibrations experienced during vehicle operation;
c. storing the generated energy in a battery for long-term use and in a super capacitor (106) for short-term energy demand;
d. managing the flow of energy between the thermoelectric generator (102), the piezoelectric generators (103), the battery (105) and the supercapacitor (106using an energy routing controller;
e. distributing the stored energy to power auxiliary vehicle systems and assist the propulsion system in hybrid/electric vehicle;
f. monitoring system performance via a cloud (109)-based mobile/web application (110) for predictive maintenance and system optimization.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising the step of using the harvested energy to power auxiliary systems, including vehicle lighting, infotainment systems, and climate control.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the energy routing controller (107) adjusts energy distribution during high-demand scenarios, such as vehicle acceleration or deceleration, by supplying energy from both the battery (105) and the supercapacitor (106) simultaneously to ensure optimal performance.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1 is portable and easily attachable/detachable from a vehicle, allowing it to be used across multiple vehicles or environments

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