ELEPHANT HERDING OPTIMIZATION AD HOC ON-DEMAND MULTIPATH DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR MANET

Abstract

[01] We propose an on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, referred to as Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), which extends the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol. AOMDV ensures loop-free and disjoint alternate paths, enhancing network resilience. To optimize energy efficiency, we integrate a bio-inspired Elephant Herd Optimization (EHO) approach. Nodes are classified into two categories based on their residual energy, and data transmission paths are chosen from the fittest class, minimizing the likelihood of path failure and reducing the number of dead nodes caused by high data loads. EHO dynamically updates node classes using a separating operator after each transmission round. Simulation results using ns-2 show that AOMDV outperforms AODV in handling mobility-induced route failures. The protocol reduces packet loss by up to 40%, significantly lowers end-to-end delay (by more than a factor of two in some cases), and decreases routing overhead by 30% by minimizing route discovery frequency. Moreover, the EHO-AOMDV approach achieves a higher packet delivery ratio, reduced average energy consumption, fewer dead nodes, and lower routing overhead compared to traditional methods, making it an energy-efficient and reliable solution for dynamic mobile ad hoc networks.. Accompanied Drawing [FIG. 1] [FIG. 2] [FIG. 3] [FIG. 4] [FIG. 5] [FIG. 6] [FIG. 7] [FIG. 8] [FIG. 9] [FIG. 10] [FIG. 11] [FIG. 12]

Specification

Description:The present invention relates to the elephant herding optimization ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol for MANET.
[02] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are multi hop, self-organizing networks with highly dynamic and random topology where each node could be a sender, a receiver or a router. In MANET, peer-level communications between nodes are enabled without relying on centralized resources or fixed infrastructure. Mobile nodes mainly rely on batteries for energy, so energy efficient routing protocols have been widely investigated in MANET. Routing in MANET is one of the major research areas with huge number of studies introducing routing protocols which we can mainly classify based on path discovery into reactive, proactive and hybrid routing protocols. In reactive routing protocols, routes are only discovered when it is needed so they could be also called on- demand routing. Different reactive routing protocols have been investigated as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), , Claims:1. A method for energy-efficient multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs): A routing method comprising:
a) discovering multiple disjoint paths using an Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol;
b) optimizing path selection using an Elephant Herd Optimization (EHO) algorithm, wherein nodes are classified into two categories based on residual energy;
c) selecting transmission paths from the category of nodes with sufficient residual energy; and
d) dynamically updating node classifications after each transmission round using a separating operator, thereby reducing path failure probability, conserving energy, and minimizing the number of dead nodes.
2. A system for multipath routing in MANETs:
a) A system configured to:
b) implement AOMDV for multipath route discovery between a source and destination;
c) execute an EHO-based optimization process to classify nodes into categories based on residual energy;
d) prioritize energy-efficient paths for data transmission;
e) monitor

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