ELECTRODES WITH NANOSTRUCTURES FOR INCREASED ENERGY DENSITY

Abstract

Innovative way of using metal oxides and carbon-based nanostructured electrodes to increase the energy density of supercapacitors. Rapid ion movement is made possible by the design's porous graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT) matrix, which greatly expands the surface area accessible for charge storage. Metal oxide nanoparticles, such as ruthenium dioxide (RuO,) and manganese dioxide (MnO,), are embedded in this matrix and contribute to pseudocapacitance through rapid and reversible redox processes. While keeping a high-power density and exceptional cyclic stability, the electric double-layer capacitance from the carbonbased materials and the pseudocapacitance from the metal oxides combine to produce a significant increase in energy density. The electrodes' porous design reduces ion diffusion routes, resulting in quick cycles of charging and discharging. Supercapacitors can be used in a wide range of applications, such as electric vehicles, portable electronics, and renewable energy systems, because of its nanostructured design, which is compatible with a variety of electrolytes, both aqueous and organic. The increased ion mobility in the nanostructured framework improves charge storage efficiency and prolongs the supercapacitors' cycle life, making them extremely resilient to repeated usage. The typical drawbacks of supercapacitors are addressed by this novel electrode design, especially their very low energy density in comparison to batteries. This work provides a possible route toward high-performance energy storage devices that can satisfy the growing demands of contemporary energy systems by fusing cutting-edge nanomaterials with traditional capacitor technology.

Specification

PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
THE FIELD OF INVENTION (PACKAGING INDUSTRY)
This invention of advanced supercapacitors-more specifically, the utilization of
nanostructured electrode materials that greatly increase energy density without sacrificing
power density is the subject of this invention. As a result, these devices can be used for a
variety of purposes, such as grid energy storage, portable electronics, and electric cars.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The innovative design and application of supercapacitors are energy-storage devices
with extended cycle life, quick charge/discharge rates, and high-power density. But
compared to conventional batteries, their energy density is lower, which restricts their
wider application. This invention seeks to increase energy density while preserving the
benefits of supercapacitors by utilizing nanostructured materials including graphene,
carbon nanotubes (CNTs), transition metal oxides, and MXenes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
By integrating the invention proposes using a combination of nanostructured materials
for supercapacitor electrodes to improve the surface area and conductivity, ultimately
enhancing the energy storage capacity. The approach involves:
Nanoporous structures: Utilizing materials like graphene or CNTs that provide high
surface area for charge storage.
Hybrid materials: Combining materials such as graphene with metal oxides (e.g.,
Mn02, Ru02) to increase both energy and power density by leveraging the fast kinetics
of pseudocapacitive materials.
Electrolyte compatibility: The materials are optimized to work with both aqueous and
organic electrolytes, ensuring high electrochemical. stability.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Specifications
• Nanostructured Carbon Materials: Carbon-based materials such as graphene,
.activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes provide high surface area and excellent
electrical conductivity. These materials are modified to form porous,
interconnected networks that maximize ion diffusion and charge storage
efficiency.
• Transition Metal Oxides: In the hybrid system, transition metal oxides (TMOs)
like manganese dioxide (Mn02), vanadium pentoxide (V205), or ruthenium
dioxide (Ru02) are embedded within the nanostructured carbon matrix. TMOs
are known for their pseudo capacitance, where charge storage occurs through fast
and reversible redox reactions, greatly increasing the energy density.
• MXenes: MXenes, a class of two-dimensional (20) transition metal
carbides/nitrides, are incorporated into the electrodes due to their excellent
conductivity and high surface area, enhancing both the energy and power
performance of the supercapacitors.
• Manufacturing Process: Synthesis of Nanostructured Carbon Materials:
Graphene. is prepared using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or exfoliation
methods, while CNTs are synthesized through catalytic growth techniques.
• Integration with Metal Oxides: The metal oxides are introduced via sol-gel
methods or electrodeposition techniques to ensure a uniform distribution within
the carbon matrix.
• Electrode Assembly: The nanocomposite electrodes are fabricated by coating or
pressing them onto a conductive substrate, followed by integration into the supercapacitor cell.
DESCRIPTION
This investigation explores nanostructured electrode consists of a porous matrix of graphene and
carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that provides an exceptionally large surface area for charge storage. These
nanostructures are embedded with metal oxide nanoparticles (such as manganese dioxide or
ruthenium dioxide), which contribute to pseudocapacitance. This combination allows for fast ion
transport and higher energy storage through both double-layer capacitance and redox reactions. In
operation, the electrolyte in the supercapacitor flows into the porous electrode structure, allowing
ions to move rapidly between the positive and negative electrodes during charging and discharging
cycles. This fast ion movement is facilitated by the nanopores, which minimize ion diffusion
distance, improving both power and energy density.
Key features:
l>- Graphene and CNT matrix: Offers high conductivity and a large surfHc.e HreH for
electrochemical reactions.
> Metal oxides: Enhance energy density through fast, reversible redox reactions.·
l>- Electrolyte compatibility: Designed to work with various electrolyte types, optimizing
performance for different applications.
l>- Ion mobility: The nanostructures create short diffusion paths for ions, improving the
efficiency of charge and discharge cycles.
We Claim
I. Claim: A supercapacitor electrode composed of nanostructured carbon material with a surface
area greater than 2000 m'/g, combined with a transition metal oxide for enhanced
pseudocapacitance.
2. Claim: The method of manufacturing the electrode, which includes synthesizing the
nanostructured material and integrating the metal oxide through electrodeposition.
3. Claim: The use of MXenes to further enhance the electrochemical performance of the
electrode in terms of energy and power density.
4. Claim: The supercapacitor device that incorporates the nanostructured electrodes for applications in
electric vehicles and grid energy storage .

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