EFFECT OF HERBAL DRUG AS ANT OBESITY DRUG USING PROGESTERONE INDUCED OBESITY MODEL

Abstract

Abstract The present invention relates to an herbal anti-obesity composition derived from Cyperus rotundus (Nagarmotha) extract for reducing body weight and improving lipid profiles. The composition is prepared by drying and powdering the stems of Cyperus rotundus, followed by methanol extraction, filtration, and concentration. This formulation is administered at dosages ranging from 200 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg body weight and demonstrates significant anti-obesity effects in a progesterone-induced obesity model. The herbal extract effectively reduces triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, improving overall metabolic health. Acute oral toxicity studies confirm the non-toxic nature of the formulation, with no adverse effects at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. The invention offers a natural, safe, and cost-effective alternative to conventional obesity treatments, minimizing the risk of side effects commonly associated with synthetic drugs, thus providing sustainable weight management.

Specification

Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of herbal pharmaceutical compositions for treating obesity. Specifically, it involves the use of an extract from Cyperus rotundus (Nagarmotha) to reduce obesity and associated lipid profiles in a progesterone-induced obesity model in animals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Obesity has emerged as one of the most pressing public health concerns worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled since 1975, with more than 650 million adults and 340 million children and adolescents classified as obese. This alarming trend is primarily driven by changes in dietary habits, sedentary lifestyles, and other socio-economic factors. Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern but a complex metabolic disorder associated with a range of serious health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. The economic burden of obesity is substantial, as it significantly increases healthcare costs and contributes to lost productivity. Despite extensive research and advancements in treatment, effective long-term solutions for obesity management remain elusive.
The current strategies for managing obesity largely focus on lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and surgical procedures. While each of these approaches has its merits, they also come with significant limitations, making it challenging to achieve sustainable weight loss.
Dietary changes and increased physical activity are often the first line of treatment recommended by healthcare professionals. These lifestyle modifications aim to create a caloric deficit, thereby promoting weight loss. Popular diet plans, including low-carb, ketogenic, and intermittent fasting, have gained widespread attention for their potential to reduce body weight. Exercise regimens, including aerobic workouts, strength training, and high-intensity interval training, are also advocated to enhance metabolism and burn calories. However, these methods require substantial discipline, motivation, and long-term commitment, which many patients find difficult to sustain. Studies have shown that while initial weight loss can be achieved, approximately 80% of individuals regain the lost weight within a year due to factors like reduced adherence, metabolic adaptation, and psychological challenges. Thus, the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions is often short-lived, leading to a cycle of weight loss and regain.
In cases where lifestyle changes are insufficient, pharmacological interventions are often prescribed. Anti-obesity drugs such as Orlistat, Phentermine, and newer agents like Liraglutide (a GLP-1 receptor agonist) are used to reduce fat absorption, suppress appetite, or increase satiety. Orlistat, for example, works by inhibiting the enzyme lipase, thereby reducing the absorption of dietary fats. However, this drug is associated with unpleasant gastrointestinal side effects, including oily stools, abdominal cramping, and frequent bowel movements, which can deter patients from adhering to the treatment. Phentermine, an appetite suppressant, has been linked to increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and potential dependency issues. While these drugs can result in moderate weight loss, their efficacy tends to diminish over time, and there are concerns about the safety of long-term use. Moreover, once the medication is discontinued, patients often experience weight regain, suggesting that pharmacotherapy alone may not provide a sustainable solution.
For individuals with severe obesity or those who have not responded to other treatment modalities, bariatric surgery is considered a viable option. Surgical procedures such as gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding can result in significant and sustained weight loss. These surgeries work by either restricting the stomach's capacity, thereby reducing food intake, or altering the digestive process to decrease calorie absorption. While bariatric surgery has proven to be effective in achieving long-term weight loss and improving obesity-related comorbidities, it is not without risks. The procedures are invasive and can lead to complications such as infections, blood clots, nutritional deficiencies, and, in rare cases, mortality. Additionally, the high cost of surgery makes it inaccessible for many patients, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The psychological impact, including post-surgical depression and adjustment difficulties, also warrants consideration.
Despite the availability of these treatment options, conventional methods for managing obesity face several drawbacks, limiting their long-term effectiveness. The most common issue with lifestyle modifications is the challenge of maintaining adherence over time. Behavioral changes required for sustained weight loss, such as following a strict diet and regular exercise routine, are difficult for many individuals, particularly in environments where unhealthy food options are prevalent, and physical activity is not easily integrated into daily routines. The high rate of weight regains observed in lifestyle interventions points to the body's adaptive mechanisms, where metabolic rate decreases in response to reduced caloric intake, making it harder to lose weight and easier to regain it.
Pharmacological treatments, while beneficial in the short term, are often accompanied by side effects that can impact the quality of life. The risk of gastrointestinal issues, cardiovascular side effects, and potential dependency reduces patient compliance. Moreover, these medications are typically not a cure but a management tool, and discontinuation often results in a return to pre-treatment weight levels.
Surgical interventions, although effective for significant weight loss, are expensive and not without risks. They require lifelong lifestyle changes, including dietary restrictions and regular medical follow-up, to prevent complications such as nutrient deficiencies. The invasiveness of these procedures and the potential for both short- and long-term complications can be deterrents for many patients. Additionally, access to bariatric surgery is limited by cost and availability, making it an impractical option for a large portion of the population.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows.
It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative
An object of the present disclosure is to develop a natural and effective herbal formulation using Cyperus rotundus extract, specifically targeted to combat obesity by reducing body fat, managing lipid profiles, and promoting overall metabolic health.
Another object of the present disclosure is to assess the anti-obesity potential of Cyperus rotundus extract in reducing body weight, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels using a progesterone-induced obesity model in experimental animals.
Another object of the present disclosure is to evaluate the safety of the developed herbal extract through acute oral toxicity studies in accordance with OECD guidelines, ensuring that the formulation is non-toxic and safe for long-term use.
Another object of the present disclosure is to offer a safer, non-invasive alternative to synthetic anti-obesity drugs and surgical interventions, minimizing the adverse side effects commonly associated with conventional treatments such as gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiovascular risks, and surgical complications.
Another object of the present disclosure is to investigate the effect of Cyperus rotundus extract on reducing food consumption and enhancing satiety in animal models, thereby addressing one of the primary causes of obesity-excessive caloric intake.
Another object of the present disclosure is to determine the impact of the herbal formulation on improving lipid metabolism by lowering serum triglycerides, cholesterol levels, and blood glucose levels, thereby reducing the risk of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Another object of the present disclosure is to explore the potential of the herbal extract in providing sustainable weight loss results, thereby minimizing the common issue of weight regain observed with conventional weight management strategies.
Another object of the present disclosure is to identify and quantify the active phytochemical constituents present in the Cyperus rotundus extract that contribute to its anti-obesity effects, including flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids.
Another object of the present disclosure is to create a cost-effective and easily accessible herbal remedy for obesity management that can be widely adopted, especially in low- and middle-income populations where access to expensive pharmacological and surgical options is limited.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the present invention. It is not intended to identify the key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concept of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description of the invention presented later.
The invention provides a herbal formulation derived from Cyperus rotundus extract that demonstrates significant anti-obesity effects by lowering triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. The formulation also shows a reduction in body weight and food intake in experimental animals. The herbal extract is non-toxic, as confirmed by acute oral toxicity studies.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following description is of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the invention in any way. Rather, the following description provides a convenient illustration for implementing exemplary embodiments of the invention. Various changes to the described embodiments may be made in the function and arrangement of the elements described without departing from the scope of the invention.
The primary objective of this invention is to develop a herbal formulation utilizing Cyperus rotundus extract that demonstrates significant anti-obesity effects by reducing body weight, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in a controlled animal study. The invention further provides a method for preparing the herbal extract, its administration, and evaluation of its anti-obesity efficacy using a progesterone-induced obesity model.
Example 1: MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental requirements
Mice blood sample,LDL, HDL, TC & TG Assay Kit, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), Accu-Chek glucometer, Albino rats, distilled water, micropipette, Cyperus rotundusextract.
Example 2: Collection, Identification, and authentication of plant
The medicinal plant Nagarmotha was selected and collected from the local market (Tirupati Balaji Enterprises, Chaumukhapull, kataranaj, Moradabad-244001). The plant material "Cyperus rotundus" was authenticated by the Dr Ashok kumar (Botanist, SOS, IFTMU.
Preparation of drug
? The stems of Nagarmotha were washed with tap water and then dried in shades for 11 days and after that it was prepared as homogenous powder with the help of grinder. The powder of the drug was stored in dry air tight container at room temperature.
? 500gm of powdered drug was soaked in 1000ml of methanol at room temperature for 48 hours. After that we filtered it with the help of whatman filter paper after that we put it on water bath. The concentrate was than weighed and transferred in an air tight container and stored at 4oC.

Preparation of animals
Wister albino mice weighing 180-220gm of either sex was procured from the animal house and kept in room at 27±20C, and relative humidity 44-56%, light and dark cycles of 12 hrs each, during the experiments. Animals were provided with standard rodent diet. Animals were periodically weighed before and after the experiment. The rats were anaesthetized prior to and during infliction of the experimental dissection. The surgical interventions were carried out under sterile conditions using diethyl ether. Animals were closely observed for any infection and those which showed signs of infection were separated and excluded from the study and replaced. All studies were performed in accordance with the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, as adopted and promulgated by the Institutional Animal Care Committee, CPCSEA, India. All the chemicals used were of the analytical grade from standard companies and the water used was always the double distilled water. A standard orogastric cannula was used for oral drug administration.

Induction of obesity
We induced obesity to mice by subcutaneous administration 10mg/kgbw. This was done daily after the 30 minutes of oral administration of extract for 28 days except the negative control group.
Experimental design
Each group consists 6 mice and divided as below-
Table 1. Experimental design
Group Treatment
GroupI (Normal) Water
GroupII(Negative control) DMPA(15mg/kgb. w.)
GroupIII(Positive control) DMPA(15mg/kgb. w.)+Orlistat(10mg/kgb. w.)
Group IV (Test group) DMPA (15mg/kg b. w.) + Extract (200mg/kg b. w.)
Group V (Test group) DMPA (15mg/kg b. w.) + Extract (400mg/kg b. w.)

Acute Oral Toxicity
Healthy Wistar albino mice of both sexes were weighed between 200-250 g. They were maintained under standard laboratory conditions were used for the acute toxicity test according to the OECD guideline. A total of ten animals of equal numbers of male and female rats were used and each were receiving a single oral-dose of 2000 mg/kg bw of NagarmothaAnimals were kept overnight fasting prior to drug administration by oral gavage. After administration of drug sample, food werewithheld for further 3-4 h. Animals were observed individually at least once during first 30 m after dosing, periodically during first 24 h (with special attention during the first 4 h) and daily thereafter for a periodof 7 d. Daily observations on the changes in skin and fur, eyes and mucus membrane (nasal), respiratory rate, circulatory signs (heart rate and blood pressure) and changes were noted .
If animal die, then conduct the main test to determine LD50. If animal survive then give test dose to four additional animals. If three animals die, limit test was terminated and main test to be performed. In case three or more animals survive, it means LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg. For main test administer dose to one animal in sequence usually at 48 h interval. If the animal survives, the second animal receives a higher dose. If the first animal dies or appears moribund, the second animal receives a lower dose. Dosing continues depending on the fixed-time interval (e.g., 48 h) outcomes of all the animals up to that time. The testing stops when one of the following stopping criteria first is met:
(a) 3 consecutive animals survive at the upper bound;
(b) 5 reversals occur in any 6 consecutive animals tested;
(c) At least 4 animals have followed the first reversal and the specified likelihood-ratios exceed the critical value. At last, the 10% of maximum dose will be considered safe to carry out the research work (OECD guideline for the testing of chemicals, 2006).

Determination of Body Mass Index
Animal weight was weighed regularly and length was also measured with the help of precision balance and a scale weekly. For four weeks. To determine the body mass index of mice, Lee index was used which was defined as-.
BMI (kg/m2) = Body weight (kg) / length (m) 2
Determination of Food Consumption
The consumption of food by mice was studied thrice a day. They were being provided food available in market for mice. And the changes came or we can say their food consumption was studied weekly. The mice were being provided food 1hr. Before the experiment and 30min. After the progesterone was being administered to the mice. 12gm food was being provided to every plastic cages. The intake was recorded in evening and morning time.
Blood Collection
On the 29th day of experiment, the mice were euthanized using chloroform before sacrificing them. The mice were kept in dissecting plate using pins and then sacrificed. After that the blood was collected by cardiac puncture and collected in containers immediately.
Serum Sample Collection
The blood sample was than centrifuged at 2500rpm to collect the serum for 10 minutes. Then we obtained the clear and transparent serum. And after that we stored it in eppendorf tubes and stored at -200Ctemperature.
BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS EVALUATION
Biochemical parameters such as glucose, Triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, were find out by utilizing commercial biochemical kit.

Determination of high-density lipids
HDL cholesterol was estimated by the manufacturer procedure. During this method antibody (anti human ß-lipoprotein) available in the Reagent 1 which combine to lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, LDL and VLDL. After mixing Reagent 2, the antigen-antibody complexes were formed which inhibit the enzyme reaction. Reagent 2 contains cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol esterase they react only along with HDL- Cholesterol (HDL-C). Enzyme reaction from HDL-C produces a complex which was blue incolour [25]. Concentration of HDL-C can be estimated when it was compared by the absorbance of HDL-C calibrator. Sample, blank and HDL calibrator were obtained by the following manner-

Table 2. List of the reagents for HDL level determination
Reagent/ Sample Blank Calibrator Sample
Reagent 1(R1) 0.45 ml 0.45 ml 0.45 ml
HDL-C direct Calibrator - 0.005 ml -
Sample - - 0.005 ml
Mix the samples and incubate for 5 m at 370 C
Reagent 2 (R2) 0.15 ml 0.15 ml 0.15 m

After mixing of R2, every sample was properly mixed and incubation occurred at 37°C for 5 m. Absorbance of sample and calibrator was calculated against the blank. HDL-C quantity was calculated by the formula mentioned below-
HDL-C concentration (mg/dl) = (Absorbance of sample /Absorbance of standard) x Calibrator concentration
Estimation of low-density lipids
LDL cholesterol level assay was executed as per the manufacturer method by utilizing the LDL Kit. During this method, serum was added along with Reagent 1 (R1). In R1, an amphoteric surfactant is present which protects the LDL by the enzyme reaction. Cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol esterase are reacted from non-LDL [26]. Reagent 2 (R2) facilitates the transfer of LDL into H2O2, on oxidative condensation for 4-aminoantipyrine and FDAOS generate a complex (in blue colour), it can be found when evaluated along with the absorbance of LDL calibrator. Sample, blank and LDL calibrator were manufactured by following manner-
Table 3. List of the required reagents for the determination of LDL level
Reagents/ Sample Blank Calibrator Sample
Reagent 1(R1) 0.45 ml 0.45 ml 0.45 ml
LDL- C direct calibrator - 0.005ml -
Sample - - 0.005ml
Mix the samples and incubate for 5 m at 370C
Reagent 2(R2) 0.15 ml 0.15 ml 0.15 ml

After mixing of R2, properly mixed the all samples and were incubated at 37°C for 5 m. The absorbance of sample and calibrator was calculated in reference with blank reagent. Concentration of LDL-C [27] was calculated by the formula mentioned below,
LDL-C concentration (mg/dl) = (Absorbance of sample/Absorbance of standard) x Calibrator
Concentration
Estimation of cholesterol
Cholesterol was determined from the method of CHOD-PAP according to the manufacturer way. In this method, cholesterol esters are decomposed into the fatty acid and cholesterol in occurance of cholesterol esterase. In the consequent enzymatic oxidation from the cholesterol oxidase, formation of cholesterol and H2O2 was occured. In existance of peroxidase, H2O2intereacts with p-aminoantipyrine and phenol to produce the red quinine dye [28].
Chloesterol ester + H2O Cholesterol esterase Cholesterol + Fatty acids
Cholesterol + O2 Cholesterol oxidase 4 Cholesten-3-one + H2O2
2H2O2 + Phenol + 4 Aminoantipyrine Peroxidase Red quinone + 4 H2O
Procedure
Working reagent (1ml) was added with standard or serum sample (0.01ml) and mixed properly. Solution was incubated for 5 m at 37°C. Absorbance of standard and sample was measured in reference with the blank. Absorption was taken by the semi auto analyser. Firstly, the following parameter were typed into the auto analyser prior to the recording of absorbance, reaction's mode- end point, reaction's slope - increasing, linearity - 600 mg/dl, wavelength - 505 nm, concentration of standard - 200 mg/dl. The data of result was calculated in mg/dl.

Determination of total triglycerides
In serum, the triglyceride (TG) was calculated as per the GPO-PAP procedure utilizing the manufacturer assay by the triglyceride Kit. The method is based on the principle given below,
Triglycerides + H2O Lipoprotein lipase Glycerol + Fatty acid
Glycerol + ATP Glycerol kinase Glycerol-3-phosphate + ADP
Glycerol-3-phosphate + O2 Glycerol - 3- phosphate oxidase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2
H2O2 + 4 Aminoantipyrine + p-chlorophenol Peroxidase Red quinoneimine

Procedure
Working reagent (1ml) was added with serum sample (0.01ml) or standard and properly mixed. Incubation was occurred in solution for 5 m at 37°C.Absorbance of standard and sample was calculated in the reference of the blank. The absorption was recorded by the semi auto analyser. Firstly the following marker were put into the auto analyser prior the estimation of the absorbance, reaction's mode - end point, reaction's slope - increasing, linearity - 1000 mg/dl, wavelength - 505 nm, standard concentration - 200 mg/dl. The data of result was calculated in mg/dl
Determination of Glucose
We measured the Blood Glucose Level Method of GOD-PAP by the sampling of the mice through the retro orbital plexus of the eye vein by using a hemocyte pipette of 1ml. blood was accommodated in an EDTA tube through the tube wall to prevent lysis. Blood was concentrated twice 2500 rpm for 10 minutes to get blood serum. Addition of GOD-PAP reagent at incubation time at 25oC for 15 minutes. Procedure examination of blood samples as seen in the table given below:
Table 4.Measurement procedures BGL GOD-PAP
Solution Sample Raw Blank
Blood serum 12µL - -
Standard glucose - 12µL -
Reactor 2 µL 2µL 2µL

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Phytochemical studies of plant
The following table depicts the phytochemical observed in the extract. It was found negative for tannins and anthraquinones where was positive for alkaloids flavonoids etc.
Table5.Qualitative phytochemical screening of Nagarmotha (Stem) methanolic extract
Phytochemical tests Methanolic extract of nagarmotha
Flavonoids +
Steroids +
Alkaloids +
Tannins _
Saponins +
Terpenoids +
Diterpenes +
Phenols +
Anthraquinones _

Present phytochemicals are denoted by+ve sign and absent are denoted by negative sign.
Observations- acute oral toxicity
As per OECD Guideline 423, the LD50 were obtained for Nagarmotha 2000mg/kg. Extract was found safe when observed in terms below mentioned symptoms and characteristics. By this observation, the dose of extract was chosen as 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg and following table shows the same-
Table 6. Observed activity during the Acute toxicity study for plant extracts
Observed activity Ethanolic extract of Nagarmotha (2000mg/kg)
Skin colour -
Fur colour -
Eyes colour -
Mucus membrane (Nasal) -
Respiratory rate -
Hyperactivity -
Eye twitching -
Catalepsy -
Irritation -
Convulsions -
Ataxia -
Erythema -
Edema -
Catatonia -
Biochemical Parameters
The glucose level was observed as decreased in extract treated mice when compared with progesterone administered group. Similarly, it showed lowered TG level as 3.33±0.98mg/dl and 2.98±0.42 at the dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, respectively that was effective when compared with positive control group. The TC level was observed as 3.50±1.08mg/dl and 4.50±0.99mg/dl at the dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, respectively it was effective when compared with progesterone administered mice. It clearly showed anti-obesity potential in all these aspects.
Table 7. Glucose, TG & TC levels in orlistat and extract treated mice
Biochemical parameters
Treatment Glucose (mg/dl) TG (mg/dl) TC(mg/dl)
Normal 6.18±0.38 1.88+0.98 3.06±0.38
Progesterone (10mg/kgb. w.) 9.85±0.38 5.04±0.36 6.88±0.76
Orlistat(10mg/kgb. w.) 6.66±0.40 2.45±0.98 3.50±1.08
MN extract (200mg/kgb. w.) 7.32±0.87 3.33±0.98 4.50±0.99
MNextract(400mg/kgb. w.) 6.60±0.28 2.98±0.42 3.98±0.92

Values expressed as Mean ± SEM for six animals per group. Statistical comparisons were made within columns and values with the same superscript letter are not significantly different by one way ANOVA followed by Turkey's post hoc test (p= 0.05).
Estimation of HDL & LDL levels
The HDL was observed as 2.72±0.01mg/dl and 3.74±0.03mg/dl at the dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of exposure of extract, respectively whereas progesterone administered animals showed HDL level as 0.98±0.02mg/dl which was minimum among all groups.
Similarly, LDL was found decreased at both the dose levels and observed as 2.98±0.09mg/dl and 2.45±0.08mg/dl at dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, respectively.
Table 8. HDL & LDL levels in Orlistat and extract treated mice
Biochemical parameters
Treatment HDL-C (mg/dl) LDL-C (mg/dl)
Normal 4.12±0.03 1.48±0.33
Progesterone (10mg/kg b. w.) 0.98±0.02 5.98±0.27
Orlistat (10mg/kg b. w.) 3.98±0.2 2.01±0.32
MN extract (200mg/kg b. w.) 2.72±0.01 2.98±0.09
MN extract (400mg/kg b. w.) 3.74±0.03 2.45±0.08

Values expressed as Mean ± SEM for six animals per group. Statistical comparisons were made within columns and values with the same superscript letter are not significantly differentof the Nagarmotha formulation. PHF formulation significantly decreased serum levels of triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and total cholesterol. These results from the current study show that PHF are effective at lowering food intake, lipid levels, and liver enzymes. A growing ratio of calories consumed to calories expended results in an energy imbalance that leads to obesity, a global health issue. The increase in the profiles that are seen in obesity or high cholesterol/triglycerides may be caused by the action of reduced enzyme activity. by one way ANOVA followed by Turkey's post hoc test (p= 0.05). In the current investigation, Glucose, TG, TC, HDL& LDL levels were measured in the extract.
, Claims:
We Claim,
1. An herbal anti-obesity composition, comprising an effective amount of Cyperus rotundus extract prepared by:
collecting and drying the stems of Cyperus rotundus;
grinding the dried stems into a fine powder;
extracting the powdered material using methanol at room temperature for 48 hours;
filtering the extract, concentrating it using a water bath, and storing it in an airtight container;
wherein the composition is formulated to reduce body weight, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in a subject.
2. The herbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extract is administered at a dosage of 200 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg body weight to achieve the anti-obesity effects.
3. The herbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is administered orally in the form of a suspension using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a vehicle.
4. The herbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extract significantly reduces serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in a progesterone-induced obesity model.
5. The herbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipients suitable for oral administration.
6. The herbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extract is shown to reduce food intake and enhance satiety in treated subjects, thereby contributing to weight management.
7. The herbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extract is non-toxic as confirmed by acute oral toxicity studies performed according to OECD Guideline 423, with no observed mortality or adverse effects at doses up to 2000 mg/kg body weight.
8. The herbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extract contains active phytochemical constituents selected from flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which contribute to its anti-obesity properties.
9. The herbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation is effective in preventing weight regain after initial weight loss, thus supporting sustainable obesity management.
10. The herbal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extract improves metabolic health by enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing blood glucose levels in obese subjects.

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