Development and Strength Enhancement of Eco-Friendly Paving Blocks Utilizing Demolished Building Waste and Coir Fiber

Abstract

This invention relates to the development of eco-friendly paving blocks by utilizing demolished building waste and coir fiber as key components. The paving blocks are manufactured using crushed concrete from demolished structures as a substitute for conventional aggregates, and natural coir fiber is incorporated to enhance tensile strength, durability, and crack resistance. The invention addresses environmental concerns associated with construction waste management by promoting the recycling of building debris and reducing reliance on non-renewable natural resources. The process involves crushing demolished concrete waste into fine aggregates, mixing it with coir fibers, cement, sand, and water, and molding the mixture into paving blocks of the desired shape and size. After casting, the blocks are cured to develop optimal strength. The performance of these paving blocks is evaluated through tests for compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, and abrasion resistance. The blocks demonstrate mechanical properties that meet or exceed the standards of traditional paving blocks, making them suitable for applications in road pavements, sidewalks, parking areas, and landscaping projects. This invention offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for sustainable construction, reducing environmental impact and contributing to the efficient management of construction waste.

Specification

Description:FORM 2 THE PATENT ACT 1970 (39 of 1970) & THE PATENTS RULES, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See Section 10, and rule 13) Development and Strength Enhancement of Eco-Friendly Paving Blocks Utilizing Demolished Building Waste and Coir Fiber APPLICANT(S) NAME: B V RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NATIONALITY: INDIAN ADDRESS: VISHNUPUR, NARSAPUR, MEDAK DIST, TELANGANA PIN CODE: 502313 The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed BACKGROUND Field of the invention The present invention relates to the field of sustainable construction materials, particularly the development of paving blocks. Specifically, it involves the use of demolished building waste and coir fiber for manufacturing paving blocks. The invention addresses the dual challenges of construction waste management and the need for environmentally friendly building products while maintaining the required strength and durability standards. Description of Related Art With the rapid pace of urbanization and infrastructure development, the construction industry generates vast amounts of waste, particularly from demolished buildings. This has led to significant environmental concerns due to the improper disposal of construction debris, which contributes to landfill congestion and pollution. Concurrently, the production of traditional construction materials such as concrete and bricks often relies on non-renewable natural resources, which further strains the environment The need for sustainable building materials is more pressing than ever. This invention focuses on using crushed concrete from demolished structures as aggregate for paving blocks, along with natural coir fibers extracted from coconut husks, which are abundantly available as agricultural waste in tropical countries like India. The integration of coir fiber in the paving block mix enhances the mechanical properties of the blocks, offering an innovative and eco-friendly alternative to conventional paving materials SUMMARY The present invention proposes a method for the production of sustainable paving blocks by utilizing demolished building waste and natural coir fibers. The key materials include: • Demolished Building Waste: The waste, primarily consisting of crushed concrete from demolished structures, is used as a substitute for conventional aggregates in the paving block mix. This recycled material reduces the environmental impact associated with mining and transportation of new aggregate. • Coir Fiber: Coir fibers are added to the mix to enhance the tensile strength and durability of the paving blocks. Coir is a byproduct of coconut production, making it an abundant, low-cost, and renewable material. The method involves crushing the demolished building waste into fine aggregates, mixing it with coir fibers, cement, sand, and water to form a concrete mixture. The mixture is then poured into molds to create paving blocks of the desired size and shape. After molding, the blocks are cured under controlled conditions to ensure optimal strength and performance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Materials Used: • Demolished Building Waste (DBW): The waste materials from demolished concrete structures are processed into aggregate with specific size gradation suitable for paving block production. • Coir Fiber: Natural coir fibers are introduced to improve the mechanical properties of the paving blocks. Coir fibers offer resistance to cracking and enhance overall durability due to their tensile strength and bonding properties within the concrete matrix. • Cement: Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is used as the primary binding material. • Sand and Water: These components are added in standard proportions to form the cementitious mix. Composition of the Paving Block Mixture: • Cement: 20-25% of the mix by weight • Demolished Building Waste (DBW): 50-60% of the mix by weight, used as a replacement for natural aggregates • Coir Fiber: 0.5% to 2% of the mix by weight • Sand: 20-25% of the mix by weight • Water: Added to achieve the required workability (water-cement ratio of 0.4 to 0.5) Method for Producing Paving Blocks: 1. Processing of Demolished Building Waste: • Demolished building waste is collected from construction sites and transported to a processing facility. • The material is sorted to remove contaminants such as metal, wood, and plastics. • Concrete waste is crushed into fine and coarse aggregates of desired size. 2. Preparation of Coir Fiber: • Coir fibers are cleaned to remove any impurities and cut to specified lengths (10-30 mm). • The fibers are air-dried to reduce moisture content before mixing. 3. Mixing: • The crushed DBW aggregates, sand, and cement are mixed together in appropriate proportions. • Coir fibers are added to the dry mix, ensuring even distribution throughout the mix. • Water is gradually added to the mix until the desired consistency is achieved. 4. Molding: • The prepared mixture is poured into molds of the desired shape and size to form paving blocks. • The molds are vibrated to remove air voids and ensure proper compaction. 5. Curing: • After casting, the paving blocks are allowed to cure for 24 hours in molds. • Following demolding, the blocks undergo water curing for 28 days in controlled temperature and humidity conditions to develop optimal strength. Strength Assessment and Testing: The developed paving blocks are subjected to a series of mechanical and durability tests to ensure they meet or exceed industry standards. 1. Compressive Strength Test: Paving blocks are tested for their ability to resist compressive forces, ensuring they can withstand the load-bearing requirements of typical applications. 2. Flexural Strength Test: The flexural strength (or bending strength) of the blocks is evaluated to determine their resistance to cracking under tensile stress. The inclusion of coir fibers enhances the blocks' tensile properties. 3. Water Absorption Test: This test assesses the water absorption capacity of the blocks to determine their durability and resistance to weathering and freeze-thaw cycles. 4. Abrasion Resistance Test: Abrasion resistance testing evaluates the blocks' ability to withstand wear and tear caused by pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Performance Analysis: The paving blocks developed using the proposed method demonstrated comparable or superior strength to conventional paving blocks. The inclusion of coir fiber improved the toughness and crack resistance of the blocks, while the use of demolished building waste contributed to sustainable resource utilization without compromising on structural integrity. Advantages of the Invention: 1. Sustainability: The use of demolished building waste reduces landfill disposal and the demand for virgin aggregates, contributing to a more sustainable construction industry. 2. Cost Efficiency: Reusing construction waste and inexpensive coir fibers reduces the overall cost of materials, making these paving blocks a cost-effective alternative to traditional products. 3. Improved Strength and Durability: The coir fibers enhance the tensile strength, toughness, and crack resistance of the blocks, resulting in better performance in high-stress environments. 4. Environmental Benefits: The invention supports resource conservation, reduces carbon emissions related to material transportation and mining, and promotes the use of renewable agricultural waste in construction. Industrial Applications: The paving blocks developed using this method are suitable for a wide range of construction applications, including: • Road Pavements: For both pedestrian and vehicular pathways. • Parking Areas: Due to their load-bearing capacity and resistance to wear. • Sidewalks and Driveways: Where durability and crack resistance are important. • Landscaping Projects: Offering an eco-friendly option for sustainable urban development. Conclusion: The development of paving blocks using demolished building waste and coir fiber provides a sustainable solution to the construction industry's challenges of waste management and resource depletion. The innovation not only promotes environmental responsibility but also delivers paving blocks with enhanced mechanical properties, making them a viable alternative for a wide range of construction applications. This invention will contribute significantly to the reduction of construction waste and the promotion of green building practices in India and globally. CLAIMS I/We Claim: 1. I/We Claim a paving block composition comprising demolished building waste as aggregate, cement, sand, water, and coir fiber, wherein the demolished building waste replaces conventional natural aggregates and the coir fiber enhances the tensile strength and crack resistance of the paving block: 2. I/We Claim a method for producing paving blocks, comprising: a. Collection and processing of demolished building waste into fine aggregates; b. Mixing the aggregates with cement, sand, water, and coir fiber to form a homogenous concrete mixture; c. Molding the mixture into blocks of desired shapes; d. Curing the blocks under controlled conditions to achieve optimal mechanical properties. 3. I/We Claim the paving blocks produced as per claim 1, characterized by improved compressive strength, flexural strength, and durability compared to conventional paving blocks. 4. I/We Claim the use of coir fiber in the paving block mix, wherein the fiber content ranges between 0.5% to 2% by weight, improving the toughness and crack resistance of the blocks. Title: Development and Strength Enhancement of Eco-Friendly Paving Blocks Utilizing Demolished Building Waste and Coir Fiber ABSTRACT This invention relates to the development of eco-friendly paving blocks by utilizing demolished building waste and coir fiber as key components. The paving blocks are manufactured using crushed concrete from demolished structures as a substitute for conventional aggregates, and natural coir fiber is incorporated to enhance tensile strength, durability, and crack resistance. The invention addresses environmental concerns associated with construction waste management by promoting the recycling of building debris and reducing reliance on non-renewable natural resources. The process involves crushing demolished concrete waste into fine aggregates, mixing it with coir fibers, cement, sand, and water, and molding the mixture into paving blocks of the desired shape and size. After casting, the blocks are cured to develop optimal strength. The performance of these paving blocks is evaluated through tests for compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, and abrasion resistance. The blocks demonstrate mechanical properties that meet or exceed the standards of traditional paving blocks, making them suitable for applications in road pavements, sidewalks, parking areas, and landscaping projects. This invention offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for sustainable construction, reducing environmental impact and contributing to the efficient management of construction waste. , Claims:I/We Claim: 1. I/We Claim a paving block composition comprising demolished building waste as aggregate, cement, sand, water, and coir fiber, wherein the demolished building waste replaces conventional natural aggregates and the coir fiber enhances the tensile strength and crack resistance of the paving block: 2. I/We Claim a method for producing paving blocks, comprising: a. Collection and processing of demolished building waste into fine aggregates; b. Mixing the aggregates with cement, sand, water, and coir fiber to form a homogenous concrete mixture; c. Molding the mixture into blocks of desired shapes; d. Curing the blocks under controlled conditions to achieve optimal mechanical properties. 3. I/We Claim the paving blocks produced as per claim 1, characterized by improved compressive strength, flexural strength, and durability compared to conventional paving blocks. 4. I/We Claim the use of coir fiber in the paving block mix, wherein the fiber content ranges between 0.5% to 2% by weight, improving the toughness and crack resistance of the blocks.

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