DEVELOPING AN INTELLIGENT GARBAGE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM USING IOT AND SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

Abstract

ABSTRACT The present invention relates in the field of waste management and monitoring system and more particularly to an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections between communities, NGOs, municipalities and citizens for waste management in societies and localities.

Specification

Description:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)



Title: Developing an Intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology




APPLICANT DETAILS:
(a) NAME: GRAPHIC ERA DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY
(b) NATIONALITY: Indian
(c) ADDRESS: 566/6, Bell Road, Society Area, Clement Town, Dehradun - 248002,
Uttarakhand, India







PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION:
The following specification particularly describes the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

Developing an Intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology

Field of Invention:
The present invention relates in the field of waste management and monitoring system and more particularly to an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology.

Background of the Invention
The following background discussion includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication expressly or implicitly referenced is prior art.
Waste management is a global issue whose adverse effects can be seen more prominently on a developing and underdeveloped country. Our country, India, is one of them. Even after introducing various awareness campaigns and programs, our government is still struggling to enlighten its citizens on the harmful effects of excess and unmanageable waste. The inefficiency in waste management is not only affecting public health and environment but also acting as a retarding force in country's economic growth. Industrialization also resulted in production of large amount of waste, its disposal and management has proven to be overwhelming to the municipal authorities. With current patterns of production and consumption it has become hard for us to walk on the path of economic growth and development. In such crucial time, there comes a need for the amalgamation of technology with the mankind.
The present invention provides a webpage that houses data from an Internet of Things (IoT) smart system that uses sensory systems to determine the amount of waste in dustbins and notifies nearby residents as well as municipalities and garbage collectors about the amount of waste in a bin. The microcontroller serves as a visible connector between the sensor and the Internet of Things system in the IoT-based system. This is a sophisticated approach that fully automates trash management. This webpage is a wonderfully creative method to contribute to keeping the cities clean, combined with the Internet of Things based rubbish monitoring system. This technology keeps an eye on the trash cans and provides level information. The webpage then transmits all the data to municipalities and waste collection trucks, as well as to residents. To foster goodwill among the populace and their well-wishers, the webpage also offers some extra services and real-time information about the recorded regions. It helps in securing climate and in maintaining balance in the ecosystem.
Therefore, there is need for an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections between communities, NGOs, municipalities and citizens for waste management in societies and localities.
Object(s) of the present invention:
The primary objective of the present invention is to overcome the drawback associated with prior art.
An object of the present invention is to provides an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections between communities, NGOs, municipalities and citizens for waste management in societies and localities.

Summary of the Invention:
In an aspect, the present invention provides a system and method for an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections between communities, NGOs, municipalities and citizens for waste management in societies and localities.
In as aspect the present invention provides an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology, comprising hardware and software components as mentioned below:
Hardware Requirements
• Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
• Arduino UNO R3
• Buzzer
• WIFI Modem
• Connecting Wires
• 16×2 LCD
Software Requirements
• Arduino IDE
• Embedded C

Brief description of Drawings:
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, explain the disclosed principles. The reference numbers are used throughout the figures to describe the features and components. Some embodiments of system and/or methods in accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described, by way of example only, and regarding the accompanying figures, in which
Figure 1: illustrates Process flowchart of Proposed Model.
Figure 2: illustrates Contact information in addition to the city's real-time statistics.
Figure 3: illustrates Real-time information from wastebin of different wards.
Figure 4: illustrates Garbage pickup status and a list of other services.
Figure 5: illustrates Complaint box.
Figure 6: illustrates Kind of grievances and complaints.
Figure 7: illustrates Simulating circuit diagram.
Detailed description of the invention:
In the present document, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment or implementation of the present subject matter described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example, in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the spirit and the scope of the disclosure.
The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, device or method that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus proceeded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or method.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a system for an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections between communities, NGOs, municipalities and citizens for waste management in societies and localities.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a smart garbage monitoring system that offers instantaneous monitoring of the garbage. This present invention is IoT based and uses sensors to deliver garbage related data in real-time. Further, the present invention reduces the number of labors and promote a pollution free environment. The best part of the instant invention is that it promotes the purity of the environment but the other concern is that it reduces the labor, which may be cause of unemployment. So, we can say that this is the demerits of smart systems. Smart Garbage Monitoring System using Sensors and IoT. The present invention provides an Internet of Things-based intelligent waste management solution that checks the level of trash in trash cans with the help of sensory systems. Here, we use a microcontroller as a visual connector that connects sensors to the IoT system.

The webpage provides information about the amount of trash that has been gathered in the trash cans, which has been tracked by an Internet of Things device. The system measures the amount of waste and compares it to the depth of the bins using HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, which are placed above the trash cans. In addition, the system uses an Arduino family microcontroller, an LCD screen, a buzzer, and a Wi-Fi modem for data sharing. This system uses a 12V transformer for electricity. The status of the amount of trash collected in the bins is displayed on the LCD panel. However, a web page's purpose is to inform the person viewing it of its current state.

The website provides residents, garbage collectors, and municipalities in the surrounding area with information regarding the amount of trash in the trash can. It also shows the pickup status as well as delay in pickup. It also provides an opportunity to the local citizens and garbage collectors to raise a complaint about any inconvenience. It also allows the municipality to take an action towards any misbehavior conducted by garbage collectors or local groups which would be notified through the webpage. The webpage also has a separate column in which the citizens can ask for further services like getting their area well-groomed or helping them conduct awareness program or activities by amalgamating with NGOs and other local organizations. It also provides the facility to raise complaints or give suggestions in the complaint box section. It also helps in connecting large number of NGOs or local groups with itself as various social media platforms are linked to it along with its contacts details.
When the dustbin's garbage level reaches the predetermined level, the system raises the alarm through the buzzer. Thus, this system and webpage promotes a clean and green city by informing the concerned authorities about the trash levels of the trash cans.

Hardware Requirements
• Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
• Arduino UNO R3
• Buzzer
• WIFI Modem
• Connecting Wires
• 16×2 LCD
Software Requirements
• Arduino IDE
• Embedded C

Ultrasonic Sensors
This electrical gadget measures an object's distance. It generates ultrasonic sound waves, which it subsequently transforms into an electrical signal by reflecting the sound. The speed of ultrasonic waves outshines the speed of audible sound, sounds between 20 Hz and 20000 Hz that are easily detectable by human ears.

The two primary parts of ultrasonic sensors are transmitter and receiver. Transmitter uses piezoelectric crystals to produce sound, and after sound has gone to and from the target, the receiver picks it up.
To calculate the distance between the sensor and the object, it measures the time gap between the transmitter's sound emission and its contact with the receiver. The computation is done using the following formula:

(1)
Where T is the time, and D is the distance.
Arduino UNO R3
An Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board built around the ATmega328P. Six analog inputs, fourteen digital input/output pins (six of which can be used as PWM outputs), a reset button, a USB connector, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a ceramic resonator operating at 16 MHz are included. It can be powered by a battery, an AC-to-DC converter, or a USB cable connected to a computer to function.

WIFI Modem

This module interacts with sensors and other application-specific devices through its GPIOs with minimal upfront work and minimal loading during runtime because of its robust onboard processing and storage capabilities. Because of its deep on-chip integration, little extra circuitry is required. The front-end module of the PCB is made to take up as little room as possible. Thanks to its embedded self- calibrated radio, the ESP8266 can function in any operating circumstance. It also supports Bluetooth coexistence interfaces and APSD for VoIP applications. It doesn't require any other RF components.
16×2 LCD
We utilize the Liquid Crystal library to operate LCDs that are compatible with the Hitachi HD44780 driver. To differentiate between the various types, we check for the 16-pin interface. They have a parallel interface, which allows the microcontroller to operate the display by simultaneously manipulating many interface pins.
Buzzer
It's an audio signalling device, sometimes referred to as a beeper or buzzer. It could be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. These are commonly used in alarm systems, timers, training systems, mouse clicks, and keystrokes for user input confirmation.
Connecting Wires
Electric current can flow freely between two points when there is a connecting wire. The connected wire's resistance ought to be always about zero. Due to resistance, copper wires are a good choice for low resistance.
The motive of the present invention is to provide a knowledge about various topics, including IOT, sensors, Arduino IDE, object detection, real-time monitoring of objects through web pages, and knowledge on how IOT is being implemented in our daily lives. It is an example of the union of technology and the power of mankind. The rise in the power of technology has been facilitated by our most promising and talented technicians. The proposed model acts as an aid for the present generation, for whom convenience is the prime aspiration.

In an embodiment, Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, and Fig. 6 shows the layout of the webpage at different stages. It helps us in better understand of the dynamics and features of the webpage:
In Fig. 7, the prototype circuit of the proposed work is shown, which describes the different components required when the proposed work is implemented in its hardware form.

From Table. I as mentioned below, it is observed that the present invention is better in terms of many parameters. So, it can be considered for current and future applications to improve the garbage monitoring system and play an important role in saving our environment from pollution.

TABLE I. COMPARISION OF PROPOSED WORK WITH PUBLISHED WORK
Features Models
Ref. [12]
Ref. [16]
Ref. [9]
Proposed
Mobile app/web support Yes No No Yes
Real-time alert SMS, email or push notifications No No Push notifications
Installation and maintenance Moderate Unknown Unknown Moderate
scalability Moderate Unknown Unknown Moderate
customization Moderate Unknown Unknown Moderate
Environmental
impact Moderate Unknown Unknown Moderate
User friendly/user interaction Moderate Unknown Unknown Highly

















The present invention proposes a model that came into existence by the rise in the mightiness of technology. In this hectic period, this suggested model helps humans and makes their lives easier. In addition to offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections, it also serves as a helpful tool by raising public awareness of cleanliness. Its integration with other communities and NGOs has produced a distinct perspective of the citizenry. This paradigm makes it simple for citizens to request any cleaning-related tasks required in any community. It also eradicates the invisible barrier between municipalities and citizens as now they can easily raise complaints and issues and the authorities can promptly render solutions to the people in need. Due to their hectic schedules, individuals were unable to contact higher authorities about their inconvenience; nevertheless, they may now quickly access services on this webpage that will facilitate smooth communication with the municipalities. This helps create just and peaceful relationships amongst individuals, which pave the way for a bright future.
, C , Claims:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)



Title: Developing an Intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology




APPLICANT DETAILS:
(a) NAME: GRAPHIC ERA DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY
(b) NATIONALITY: Indian
(c) ADDRESS: 566/6, Bell Road, Society Area, Clement Town, Dehradun - 248002,
Uttarakhand, India







PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION:
The following specification particularly describes the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

Developing an Intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology

Field of Invention:
The present invention relates in the field of waste management and monitoring system and more particularly to an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology.

Background of the Invention
The following background discussion includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication expressly or implicitly referenced is prior art.
Waste management is a global issue whose adverse effects can be seen more prominently on a developing and underdeveloped country. Our country, India, is one of them. Even after introducing various awareness campaigns and programs, our government is still struggling to enlighten its citizens on the harmful effects of excess and unmanageable waste. The inefficiency in waste management is not only affecting public health and environment but also acting as a retarding force in country's economic growth. Industrialization also resulted in production of large amount of waste, its disposal and management has proven to be overwhelming to the municipal authorities. With current patterns of production and consumption it has become hard for us to walk on the path of economic growth and development. In such crucial time, there comes a need for the amalgamation of technology with the mankind.
The present invention provides a webpage that houses data from an Internet of Things (IoT) smart system that uses sensory systems to determine the amount of waste in dustbins and notifies nearby residents as well as municipalities and garbage collectors about the amount of waste in a bin. The microcontroller serves as a visible connector between the sensor and the Internet of Things system in the IoT-based system. This is a sophisticated approach that fully automates trash management. This webpage is a wonderfully creative method to contribute to keeping the cities clean, combined with the Internet of Things based rubbish monitoring system. This technology keeps an eye on the trash cans and provides level information. The webpage then transmits all the data to municipalities and waste collection trucks, as well as to residents. To foster goodwill among the populace and their well-wishers, the webpage also offers some extra services and real-time information about the recorded regions. It helps in securing climate and in maintaining balance in the ecosystem.
Therefore, there is need for an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections between communities, NGOs, municipalities and citizens for waste management in societies and localities.
Object(s) of the present invention:
The primary objective of the present invention is to overcome the drawback associated with prior art.
An object of the present invention is to provides an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections between communities, NGOs, municipalities and citizens for waste management in societies and localities.

Summary of the Invention:
In an aspect, the present invention provides a system and method for an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections between communities, NGOs, municipalities and citizens for waste management in societies and localities.
In as aspect the present invention provides an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology, comprising hardware and software components as mentioned below:
Hardware Requirements
• Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
• Arduino UNO R3
• Buzzer
• WIFI Modem
• Connecting Wires
• 16×2 LCD
Software Requirements
• Arduino IDE
• Embedded C

Brief description of Drawings:
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, explain the disclosed principles. The reference numbers are used throughout the figures to describe the features and components. Some embodiments of system and/or methods in accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described, by way of example only, and regarding the accompanying figures, in which
Figure 1: illustrates Process flowchart of Proposed Model.
Figure 2: illustrates Contact information in addition to the city's real-time statistics.
Figure 3: illustrates Real-time information from wastebin of different wards.
Figure 4: illustrates Garbage pickup status and a list of other services.
Figure 5: illustrates Complaint box.
Figure 6: illustrates Kind of grievances and complaints.
Figure 7: illustrates Simulating circuit diagram.
Detailed description of the invention:
In the present document, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment or implementation of the present subject matter described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example, in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the spirit and the scope of the disclosure.
The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, device or method that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus proceeded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or method.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a system for an intelligent Garbage Surveillance System Using IoT and Sensor Technology offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections between communities, NGOs, municipalities and citizens for waste management in societies and localities.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a smart garbage monitoring system that offers instantaneous monitoring of the garbage. This present invention is IoT based and uses sensors to deliver garbage related data in real-time. Further, the present invention reduces the number of labors and promote a pollution free environment. The best part of the instant invention is that it promotes the purity of the environment but the other concern is that it reduces the labor, which may be cause of unemployment. So, we can say that this is the demerits of smart systems. Smart Garbage Monitoring System using Sensors and IoT. The present invention provides an Internet of Things-based intelligent waste management solution that checks the level of trash in trash cans with the help of sensory systems. Here, we use a microcontroller as a visual connector that connects sensors to the IoT system.

The webpage provides information about the amount of trash that has been gathered in the trash cans, which has been tracked by an Internet of Things device. The system measures the amount of waste and compares it to the depth of the bins using HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, which are placed above the trash cans. In addition, the system uses an Arduino family microcontroller, an LCD screen, a buzzer, and a Wi-Fi modem for data sharing. This system uses a 12V transformer for electricity. The status of the amount of trash collected in the bins is displayed on the LCD panel. However, a web page's purpose is to inform the person viewing it of its current state.

The website provides residents, garbage collectors, and municipalities in the surrounding area with information regarding the amount of trash in the trash can. It also shows the pickup status as well as delay in pickup. It also provides an opportunity to the local citizens and garbage collectors to raise a complaint about any inconvenience. It also allows the municipality to take an action towards any misbehavior conducted by garbage collectors or local groups which would be notified through the webpage. The webpage also has a separate column in which the citizens can ask for further services like getting their area well-groomed or helping them conduct awareness program or activities by amalgamating with NGOs and other local organizations. It also provides the facility to raise complaints or give suggestions in the complaint box section. It also helps in connecting large number of NGOs or local groups with itself as various social media platforms are linked to it along with its contacts details.
When the dustbin's garbage level reaches the predetermined level, the system raises the alarm through the buzzer. Thus, this system and webpage promotes a clean and green city by informing the concerned authorities about the trash levels of the trash cans.

Hardware Requirements
• Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
• Arduino UNO R3
• Buzzer
• WIFI Modem
• Connecting Wires
• 16×2 LCD
Software Requirements
• Arduino IDE
• Embedded C

Ultrasonic Sensors
This electrical gadget measures an object's distance. It generates ultrasonic sound waves, which it subsequently transforms into an electrical signal by reflecting the sound. The speed of ultrasonic waves outshines the speed of audible sound, sounds between 20 Hz and 20000 Hz that are easily detectable by human ears.

The two primary parts of ultrasonic sensors are transmitter and receiver. Transmitter uses piezoelectric crystals to produce sound, and after sound has gone to and from the target, the receiver picks it up.
To calculate the distance between the sensor and the object, it measures the time gap between the transmitter's sound emission and its contact with the receiver. The computation is done using the following formula:

(1)
Where T is the time, and D is the distance.
Arduino UNO R3
An Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board built around the ATmega328P. Six analog inputs, fourteen digital input/output pins (six of which can be used as PWM outputs), a reset button, a USB connector, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a ceramic resonator operating at 16 MHz are included. It can be powered by a battery, an AC-to-DC converter, or a USB cable connected to a computer to function.

WIFI Modem

This module interacts with sensors and other application-specific devices through its GPIOs with minimal upfront work and minimal loading during runtime because of its robust onboard processing and storage capabilities. Because of its deep on-chip integration, little extra circuitry is required. The front-end module of the PCB is made to take up as little room as possible. Thanks to its embedded self- calibrated radio, the ESP8266 can function in any operating circumstance. It also supports Bluetooth coexistence interfaces and APSD for VoIP applications. It doesn't require any other RF components.
16×2 LCD
We utilize the Liquid Crystal library to operate LCDs that are compatible with the Hitachi HD44780 driver. To differentiate between the various types, we check for the 16-pin interface. They have a parallel interface, which allows the microcontroller to operate the display by simultaneously manipulating many interface pins.
Buzzer
It's an audio signalling device, sometimes referred to as a beeper or buzzer. It could be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. These are commonly used in alarm systems, timers, training systems, mouse clicks, and keystrokes for user input confirmation.
Connecting Wires
Electric current can flow freely between two points when there is a connecting wire. The connected wire's resistance ought to be always about zero. Due to resistance, copper wires are a good choice for low resistance.
The motive of the present invention is to provide a knowledge about various topics, including IOT, sensors, Arduino IDE, object detection, real-time monitoring of objects through web pages, and knowledge on how IOT is being implemented in our daily lives. It is an example of the union of technology and the power of mankind. The rise in the power of technology has been facilitated by our most promising and talented technicians. The proposed model acts as an aid for the present generation, for whom convenience is the prime aspiration.

In an embodiment, Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, and Fig. 6 shows the layout of the webpage at different stages. It helps us in better understand of the dynamics and features of the webpage:
In Fig. 7, the prototype circuit of the proposed work is shown, which describes the different components required when the proposed work is implemented in its hardware form.

From Table. I as mentioned below, it is observed that the present invention is better in terms of many parameters. So, it can be considered for current and future applications to improve the garbage monitoring system and play an important role in saving our environment from pollution.

TABLE I. COMPARISION OF PROPOSED WORK WITH PUBLISHED WORK
Features Models
Ref. [12]
Ref. [16]
Ref. [9]
Proposed
Mobile app/web support Yes No No Yes
Real-time alert SMS, email or push notifications No No Push notifications
Installation and maintenance Moderate Unknown Unknown Moderate
scalability Moderate Unknown Unknown Moderate
customization Moderate Unknown Unknown Moderate
Environmental
impact Moderate Unknown Unknown Moderate
User friendly/user interaction Moderate Unknown Unknown Highly

















The present invention proposes a model that came into existence by the rise in the mightiness of technology. In this hectic period, this suggested model helps humans and makes their lives easier. In addition to offering real-time data and facilitating easy connections, it also serves as a helpful tool by raising public awareness of cleanliness. Its integration with other communities and NGOs has produced a distinct perspective of the citizenry. This paradigm makes it simple for citizens to request any cleaning-related tasks required in any community. It also eradicates the invisible barrier between municipalities and citizens as now they can easily raise complaints and issues and the authorities can promptly render solutions to the people in need. Due to their hectic schedules, individuals were unable to contact higher authorities about their inconvenience; nevertheless, they may now quickly access services on this webpage that will facilitate smooth communication with the municipalities. This helps create just and peaceful relationships amongst individuals, which pave the way for a bright future.

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