DESIGN OF SMART DEVICE FOR SEWERS GAS DETECTOR AND ALERT SYSTEM

Abstract

Despite legal prohibitions, unsafe manual cleaning of sewers and septic tanks continues, resulting in tragic worker fatalities due to exposure to hazardous gases. Even with personal protective equipment (PPE), the risks involved in these environments remain high. This project tackles this critical issue by introducing a real-time gas detection system specifically designed for septic tanks and sewers. Utilizing MQ series sensors, the system detects harmful gases such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, methane, carbon monoxide, and Sulphur dioxide. Data is transmitted in real-time to a user-friendly /2 mobile application developed by our own in- house, enabling remote monitoring by workers and supervisors. When gas concentrations exceed preset safety thresholds, the app sends alerts to minimize worker exposure effectively. This initiative aligns with the goals of Sustainable Development Goals 3 (Good Health and Well- being), 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), as well as the efforts of the Ministry of Rural Development and the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment to enhance safety standards within the sanitation sector. By providing real-time gas monitoring and user alert functionalities, this innovative system has the potential to significantly reduce worker deaths and injuries associated with hazardous cleaning operations in sewers and septic tanks.

Specification

FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention falls within environmental monitoring, and public safety, with specific emphasis
on detecting hazardous gases in sewer systems and other confined spaces. The need for
innovative solutions to detect toxic, combustible, and harmful gases in sewage systems has
grown in response to increasing incidents of sewer-related gas hazards. Sewers are critical
components of urban infrastructure, yet they present numerous safety risks, particularly due to
the accumulation of gases such as methane (CH4), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon monoxide
(CO), and other potentially deadly gases that form as a result of biological decomposition.
Introduces a smart gas detection and alert system specifically used in sewage systems, addressing
the environmental challenges and operational requirements in these spaces. Traditional gas
monitoring systems although effective but it fails, and often fall short in terms of adaptability,
and real-time data transmission, which are essential in the unpredictable and hazardous
environment of sewer systems. This device integrates sensor technologies, wireless
communication, and data processing capabilities to offer a highly effective solution to these
limitations.
The primary function of this smart device is the detection of dangerous gas levels, with an
emphasis on real-time monitoring and automated alert systems to ensure worker safety and
prevent accidents. Hazardous gases such as hydrogen sulphide and methane are known for their
toxicity and flammability, and even low concentrations can lead to life-threatening situations. In
particular, hydrogen sulphide is colourless, flammable, and highly toxic, with a characteristic foul
odour resembling rotten eggs. Methane, while less harmful, is highly explosive, and its
accumulation in confined spaces like sewers can create deadly hazards. The invention addresses
these risks by constantly monitoring gas levels and providing instant notifications via buzzer
sound and mobile app alerts when critical thresholds are reached.
Another innovative aspect of this device is its ability to be integrated with Internet of Things (loT)
platforms, allowing for remote monitoring. This provides municipalities and utility companies
with real-time insights into the safety conditions of their sewer networks, enabling them to
respond quickly to hazardous situations, reducing the risk of accidents, and ensuring the safety
of maintenance workers.

In conclusion, this invention contributes significantly to the fields of gas detection, environmental
safety, and occupational health by offering a smart and durable sewer system. The integration of
sensor technology, real-time communication and protect the environment.


BACKGROUND OF INVENTION:
1. Patent no: US6832164B1
Author Name: Stella, Alfred (Orlando, FL, US}, Boyles, Ray (Orlando, FL, US)
Description: An apparatus and method for inspecting sewerage pipes, comprised in combination
with a first mobile pipe vehicle, a gas sensor vehicle for detecting pipe ambient gas. The
combination includes an interface cable conveying power and operably connecting the
combination to a control station positioned outside the pipe, a second vehicle having a support
frame connected to the first mobile pipe vehicle, a gas sensor positioned on the second vehicle
support frame and connected to the interface cable for sensing pipe ambient gas level, and a transceiver communicating with the gas sensor and connected to the interface cable for
therethrough communicating with the control station. The second vehicle is preferably
connected to the first mobile pipe vehicle by the interface cable and is thereby towed in the pipe.
2. Patent no: US11002718B2
Author Name: Inventor David Eric Schwartz, Jianer BAO
Description: Gas sensors for the detection of rare events consume very little or no power. The
sensors include materials that interact with a target gas. Accumulation of the target gas on the
sensor materials leads to a change in electrical properties of the sensor. The sensors may have
high gain, meaning that a large electrical change is induced upon gas accumulation. The sensor
might change from an extremely high resistance (open circuit) to a measurably low resistance, or
it might change from a relatively low capacitance to a high capacitance. The gas sensors are
connected to electronics that can transmit an alarm signal after the gas has been detected. The
electronics may be in a low-power sleep mode until awakened by a signal from the sensor.
3. Patent No: US9749792B2
Author Name: Michael Edward Klicpera
Description: The present invention is a water use and/or a water energy use monitoring
apparatus that is affixed to the hot and cold-water supply piping for continuous (or on-demand)
monitoring displaying the water and water energy (hot vs. ambient) use within a residential or
commercial building. The water use monitor apparatus includes a power generation, a
microprocessor, temperature and water flow sensors, optional water quality sensors, timing
circuits, wireless circuitry, and a display means. A wired or wireless means is designed to
electronically communicate water use, water energy use and/or water quality information to a
remotely located display apparatus or typical cell phone, phones, or similar apparatus for
convenient observation by a commercial, operator or occupier, resident, municipal or
government agency.

4. Patent No: US10671767B2
Author Name: Jason E. Duff, Michael S. Santarone, Michael Wodrich, Randall Pugh
Description: Methods and apparatus for smart construction with automated
detection of adverse structure conditions and remediation. A sensor cluster may be inserted into
the walls of a smart structure (during construction or afterwards) to detect an
array of conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and the presence of undesirable insects
(which may be accomplished through, for example, vibration sensors). The sensor cluster may
also have a remedial action device capable of resolving any undesirable conditions. For example,
upon detection of wood-destroying organisms via vibration sensors, the remedial
action device may deploy ultraviolet light or insecticide to automatically exterminate the wood-
destroying organisms. In some embodiments, data from the sensor cluster may be displayed on
a graphical user interface.
SUMMARY:
The Design of Smart Device for Sewers Gas Detectors and Alert Systems focuses on creating a
cutting-edge solution for detecting hazardous gases in sewer systems. Sewers often accumulate
dangerous gases such as methane (CH4), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and carbon monoxide (CO),
which pose serious health risks to maintenance workers and can lead to accidents if left
undetected. Tnese gases are by-products of biological decomposition and can result in toxic or
explosive environments.
This project aims to develop a smart gas detection system specifically for sewer environments,
addressing the shortcomings of traditional gas monitors. The device integrates advanced sensor
technologies that continuously monitor gas levels in real time and provide immediate alerts when
dangerous thresholds are reached. These alerts are communicated through audible alarms and
mobile apps, ensuring that workers and authorities can respond promptly.
One of the key innovations in this design is the incorporation of wireless communication and
Internet of Things (loT) capabilities. Thisallows for remote monitoring of sewer locations, offering
a comprehensive overview of safety conditions across a sewer network. The system is designed
to be robust, durable, and resistant to the harsh conditions found in sewers. Notably, it is capable
of detecting hazardous gases from distances of up to 80 meters, enabling effective monitoring
over large areas and enhancing the safety protocols in place.
In summary, this smart gas detection system enhances worker safety, prevents accidents, and
enables proactive maintenance strategies, making it a valuable tool for municipalities and utility
companies. This initiative ultimately supports the goals of improving health outcomes and
sustainable sanitation practices, reinforcing the commitment to enhance worker safety and
transform sanitation working conditions in underserved areas.

This initiative also contributes to Sustainable Development Goals 3 (Good Health and Well-
being), 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), reinforcing
the commitment to enhance worker safety, promote sustainable sanitation practices, and
improve health outcomes in underserved areas. Through this integrated approach, the project
aims to transform sanitation working conditions while supporting the broader objectives of social
justice and development.
OBJECTIVE:
1. Real-Time Gas Monitoring: Develop a device capable of continuously monitoring gas
concentrations in sewer systems, specifically targeting hazardous gases such as methane
and hydrogen sulphide.
2. Detection Accuracy: Utilize advanced sensor technologies, including Metal Oxide sensors,
to ensure high sensitivity and specificity in detecting individual gases.
3. Automated Alert System: Implement an automated alert mechanism that can instantly
notify relevant stakeholders (e.g., municipal authorities, maintenance crews) when gas
levels exceed safety thresholds.
4. User-Friendly Interface: Create an intuitive mobile application and web interface that
allows users to easily monitor gas levels, receive alerts, and access safety information in
real time.
5. Public Safety Awareness: Raise awareness about the importance of gas detection in sewer
systems, emphasizing how timely alerts and monitoring can prevent potential accidents
and enhance community safety.


DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
FIGURE 1
The 3D CAD model developed in SolidWorks visually encapsulates the design of a smart device
for a sewer gas detection and alert system. The enclosure is meticulously crafted to house
essential components, including a breadboard for electronic assembly, an ESP32 module for
wireless connectivity, various gas sensors for detecting hazardous gases, a buzzer for audible
alerts, and LED lights for visual notifications. The design features strategically placed cutouts to
accommodate the sensors, ensuring optimal exposure to potential gas leaks while protecting
sensitive electronics from environmental elements. The overall structure emphasizes durability and ease of access for maintenance, reflecting the project's aim to enhance worker safety in high-
risk sewer environments. This smart device integrates technology seamlessly, facilitating real-
time monitoring and alerts, thereby significantly reducing the risks associated with manual sewer
cleaning and improving the health and safety conditions for sanitation workers.
FIGURE 2
The flowchart illustrates the operational framework of a real-time gas detection system designed
for septic tanks and sewers. It starts with MQ sensors that monitor the presence of hazardous
gases such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, methane, carbon monoxide, and Sulphur dioxide.
The data collected by these sensors is continuously processed and transmitted wirelessly to a
user-friendly mobile application. This application allows workers and supervisors to access real-
time information about gas concentrations. In the event that gas levels exceed predefined safety
thresholds, the system triggers immediate alerts, ensuring quick action to minimize worker
exposure. Overall, the flowchart effectively demonstrates the integrated components of the
system-from gas detection to data transmission and alert notifications-highlighting its role in
enhancing safety for sanitation workers in high-risk environments.
FIGURE 3
It illustrates a smart gas detection system configured on a breadboard. At the centre of the setup
is an ESP32 microcontroller, which manages the entire operation of the device. MQ series gas
sensors for detecting gas concentrations, and the other possibly for providing reference or
measuring additional gases. Connecting wires in various colours link these components to the
ESP32, indicating their roles in signal transmission and power supply.
A
A buzzer is integrated alongside, providing alerts for detected gas levels. The design emphasizes
a compact and modular arrangement, making it suitable for effective monitoring in sewer
environments, while the use of a breadboard allows for easy adjustments and testing.


FIGURE 4
ESP32 microcontroller integrated with MQ series gas sensors to detect hazardous gases in
sewers and septic systems. The MQ sensors monitor for gases like methane and hydrogen sulfide,
enabling real-time environmental monitoring. When gas levels exceed set thresholds, the ESP32
activates a buzzer to alert users of potential dangers. This system combines advanced sensing
technology with immediate warning capabilities, enhancing safety in critical environments.
Overall, it provides an effective solution for gas detection and hazard prevention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
This paper details the innovative design and development of an loT-enabled smart device tailored
for the detection of hazardous gases in sewer systems. By leveraging the capabilities of the ESP32
microcontroller, MQ gas sensors, and a dedicated mobile application, the system monitors gas
concentrations in real-time and issues alerts to ensure safety. This advancement not only
enhances current monitoring practices but also reflects a significant smarter municipal safety
solution.
The system consists of three primary components: the ESP32 microcontroller, MQ gas sensors,
and a mobile application. Each component plays a critical role in delivering seamless operation
capable of real-time mom.-oring and alerting.
1. ESP32 Microcontroller:
• The ESP32 serves as the heart of the system, providing robust processing power and
connectivity. Its dual-core architecture allows for simultaneous sensor data acquisition
and Wi-Fi communication, ensuring that data transmission is efficient and reliable over
extensive distances.
• It features low-power modes for energy efficiency, making the device suitable for
prolonged field operations.
2. MQ Gas Sensors:
• Multiple MQ gas sensors (for example, MQ-2 for methane and MQ-7 for carbon
monoxide) are deployed, each calibrated for specific gas sensitivity. This multi-sensor
approach enhances the breadth of detection, allowing the system to respond to various
hazardous conditions.
• The sensors can be read analogously, providing a voltage output proportionate to
detected gas concentration levels. A signal processing algorithm is incorporated to filter
noise and yield accurate readings.
• The system is capable of detecting hazardous gases from distances of up to 80 meters,
which significantly broadens the monitoring area of sewer systems and allows for early
intervention before gas concentrations reach dangerous levels. This extended detection
range is particularly advantageous in irregular sewer layouts, where access points may be
distant.
3. Mobile Application:
• A custom-built mobile application is crucial for user interaction. The app provides real-
time data visualization through dynamic graphs indicating gas concentration levels over
time, along with historical data logging for analysis.
• The alert system includes configurable thresholds, allowing users to set predefined limits
for each gas type. Users receive immediate push notifications if gas levels exceed these
preset safety thresholds.
• Additional features include a user management system and a dashboard for monitoring
multiple sensors simultaneously. This setup is especially useful for municipalities and
• industries that need to oversee expansive sewer networks, as it allows tor effective
monitoring without the need for constant physical presence.
Methodology
The methodology for this project involved several key phases:
Design and Prototyping:
• Initial designs were created using CAD tools, focusing on durability and ease of installation
in field conditions. Prototyping involved assembling the components on a breadboard to
test functionalities before finalizing the design.
Sensor Calibration:
• Each gas sensor underwent a calibration process involving exposure to known gas
concentrations to ensure accurate readings under varying environmental conditions, such
as humidity and temperature.
Software Development:
• The firmware for the ESP32 was developed using the Arduino IDE, allowing
straightforward integration of libraries for sensor reading and Wi-Fi communication.
• The mobile application was developed using a cross-platform framework to ensure
compatibility enhancing user accessibility.
Testing and Validation:
• Comprehensive testing was conducted in simulated sewer environments to assess the
system's responsiveness and accuracy. This testing included not only gas detection but
also the effectiveness of the alert system under various scenarios to ensure reliability in
real-world conditions. Tests confirmed that the system maintained accurate readings and
timely alerts even at the maximum detection range of 80 meters, ensuring safety for
larger and more complex sewer infrastructures.
The design and implementation of the Smart Sewer Gas Detection and Alert System align with
several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations, emphasizing
the project's broader social and environmental impact:
1. Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being
This goal emphasizes ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages. By
detecting hazardous gases in sewer systems, your project directly contributes to reducing health
risks associated with gas exposure, thereby protecting workers and nearby residents.
2. Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
Effective management and monitoring of sewer systems are crucial for ensuring clean water and
proper sanitation. Your system helps prevent potentially dangerous gas accumulation and
breaches in sewer systems, promoting better sanitation practices and safeguarding water quality
for communities.
3. Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
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This goal focuses on making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. The smart gas
detection system enhances urban safety by providing real-time monitoring and alerts, thus
contributing to the development of safer urban environments.



CLAIMS:
WE CLAIM
Claim 1:
A Smart Gas Detection System designed to detect multiple hazardous gases, including
methane, hydrogen sulphide, and carbon monoxide, in confined spaces such as sewers,
providing real-time monitoring and data analysis.
Claim 2
From Claiml, the system utilizes advanced gas sensors capable of continuously assessing
gas concentrations and automatically triggering alerts when levels exceed established
safety thresholds.
Claim 3:
It enhances worker safety by enabling proactive safety measures and ensuring
compliance with environmental and occupational safety regulations in hazardous
environments.
Claim 4:
The system features wireless communication capabilities using the ESP32 module,
allowing for seamless connectivity to Internet of Things (loT) platforms for real-time,
remote monitoring and control.
Claim 5:
It enables real-time data transmission to centralized control systems, providing
continuous monitoring of gas concentrations, system status, historical data analysis, and
reporting.
Claim 6:
From Claim 5, A mobile application is integrated into the system, giving users access to
real-time data on gas levels and system health, enhancing incident management and
response efficiency.
Claim 7:
The system includes an automated alert mechanism that triggers visual and audible
alarms when hazardous gas levels are detected, ensuring timely response to safety
threats.

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