Design and model of wireless image detection and obstacle detection Robot using Arduino UNO and ESP32 cam

Abstract

This invention relates to an autonomous robotic system designed for wireless image detection and obstacle avoidance, using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, ESP32-CAM module, and ultrasonic sensor. The robot is capable of navigating independently, capturing real-time images, and transmitting them wirelessly to a remote device. Equipped with an ultrasonic sensor, the robot detects obstacles, allowing it to adjust its path or stop to avoid collisions. The ESP32-CAM module enables real-time monitoring by transmitting visual data to a remote system, making it suitable for applications in surveillance, security, and exploration in challenging environments. With a cost-effective design and modular architecture, this system offers an affordable solution for remote monitoring and autonomous navigation, providing reliable performance in various high-risk or inaccessible areas, such as forests, remote terrains, or hazardous zones.

Specification

Description:
Field of the Invention:
[001] This invention pertains to the field of robotics, focusing on the development of autonomous machines capable of supporting and assisting humans in challenging and hazardous environments. This particular robotic system is designed for use in security and surveillance applications, especially in areas that may be dangerous or difficult for humans to access, such as remote or rugged terrains, forested regions, and unstable environments. It is also suitable for use in high-security zones, including airports, railway stations, and traffic control areas, as well as for home security. By combining wireless image detection and obstacle detection capabilities, the robot can autonomously navigate and avoid obstacles while capturing images of its surroundings. This design, which leverages the cost-effective Arduino Uno and ESP32-CAM technologies, provides an affordable solution for enhancing security and monitoring in areas where human presence is either unsafe or impractical.

Background of the invention and related prior art:
[002] In recent years, the demand for autonomous robotic systems has increased significantly, especially in applications where human intervention is either hazardous or impractical. Robots that can independently navigate, detect obstacles, and capture visual data have become crucial for various sectors, including search and rescue, security, and environmental monitoring. Traditional methods of surveillance and exploration often expose individuals to dangerous conditions, particularly in hard-to-reach areas like forests, mountainous regions, or disaster zones. The integration of wireless image detection with obstacle avoidance allows robots to operate safely in such environments, enabling them to navigate and relay critical visual information without direct human control. This project builds on advancements in affordable, accessible microcontroller technology, specifically the Arduino Uno and ESP32-CAM, to create a low-cost, versatile robotic system that can assist in numerous security, monitoring, and exploration tasks, meeting the increasing need for autonomous, reliable machines in high-risk areas.
[003] In a patent document WO2020122582A1 discloses an artificial intelligence (AI) robot and a method for controlling the AI robot, that includes detecting a target object changing its position in a travel area after determining a condition of the travel area based on an image captured by an image capturing unit while the AI robot is traveling in the travel area. The AI robot is controlled to travel based on the target object detected.
[004] Another patent document EP2050544B1 discloses a mobile robot guest for interacting with a human resident performs a room-traversing search procedure prior to interacting with the resident, and may verbally query whether the resident being sought is present. Upon finding the resident, the mobile robot may facilitate a teleconferencing session with a remote third party, or interact with the resident in a number of ways. For example, the robot may carry on a dialogue with the resident, reinforce compliance with medication or other schedules, etc. In addition, the robot incorporates safety features for preventing collisions with the resident; and the robot may audibly announce and/or visibly indicate its presence in order to avoid becoming a dangerous obstacle. Furthermore, the mobile robot behaves in accordance with an integral privacy policy, such that any sensor recording or transmission must be approved by the resident.
[005] A document KR102068216B1discloses the telepresence robot that can include a drive system, a control system, an imaging system, and a mapping module. The mapping module can access a plan map of an area and tags associated with that area. In various embodiments, each tag may include tag coordinates and tag information that may include a tag annotation. The tag identification system may identify a tag within a preset range of the current location, and the control system may execute an action based on the identified tag whose tag information includes a telepresence robot action modifier. The telepresence robot can rotate the upper part independently of the lower part. The remote terminal allows the operator to control the telepresence robot using any combination of control methods, including selecting a destination from a live video feed, selecting a destination on a floor plan map, or using a joystick or other peripheral.
[006] Another document KR101910382B1 related to an automatic mobile device for simultaneously enhancing convenience and utility by providing various interfaces by which a user can directly operate an automatic mobile device. To this end, the automatic moving device according to the embodiment disclosed herein includes a storage unit for storing a traveling mode; An image detecting unit for obtaining a photographed image; A driving unit having at least one wheel and driving the wheel in accordance with a driving signal; And extracting a traveling direction indicated by the object to be sensed from the photographed image acquired by the image detection unit in the second mode, extracting a traveling direction from the traveling mode stored in the storage unit in the first mode, And a control unit for generating a driving signal for moving in the extracted driving direction.
[007] A patent document KR102403504B1 relates to a technology for recognizing the position of a mobile robot and creating a map using a three-dimensional image.
The present invention captures a three-dimensional image around a mobile robot and detects obstacles using a photographing unit that extracts depth image information for the photographed three-dimensional image, and the three-dimensional image captured by the photographing unit An obstacle detection unit, a position estimator for estimating the first position information of the mobile robot using an inertial sensor (IMU) and Odometry within an area excluding the area of the obstacle recognized by the obstacle detection unit, and the extraction Based on the depth image information, the estimated first position information of the mobile robot is corrected to calculate the second position information of the mobile robot, and a map is created excluding the area of the obstacle recognized by the obstacle detection unit, and a control unit for planning a movement path of the robot based on the second position of the robot and the created map.
The present invention does not require a separate map for map creation since it is possible to detect obstacles, recognize the location of a mobile robot, create a map, and plan a route at once. In addition, obstacles can be recognized without a separate obstacle sensor, and the area identified as an obstacle is not used for SLAM, enabling faster and more accurate SLAM performance.
[008] None of these above patents, however alone or in combination, disclose the present invention. The invention consists of certain novel features and a combination of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that various changes in the details may be made without departing from the spirit, or sacrificing any of the advantages of the present invention.

Summary of the invention:
[009] This invention presents a cost-effective, autonomous robot capable of wireless image detection and obstacle avoidance, designed using the Arduino Uno and ESP32-CAM platforms. The robot can independently navigate its surroundings by detecting obstacles through an ultrasonic sensor, which provides a wide field of detection, ensuring accurate avoidance maneuvers. Using the ESP32-CAM module, the robot captures images of its environment, making it useful for surveillance or monitoring tasks in locations where human access is difficult or unsafe. The robot's programming allows it to operate without human intervention once activated, adapting its path based on real-time obstacle data to maintain continuous motion while avoiding collisions. This system is well-suited for deployment in challenging environments, such as forested areas, remote terrains, or high-security zones, offering a reliable and low-cost solution for security and monitoring applications.

Detailed description of the invention with accompanying drawings:
[010] For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the invention, there is illustrated in the accompanying drawing a preferred embodiment thereof, from an inspection of which, when considered in connection with the following description, the invention, its preparation, and many of its advantages should be readily understood and appreciated.
[011] The principal object of the invention is to develop a design and model of wireless image detection and obstacle detection Robot using Arduino UNO and ESP32 cam. The invention is an autonomous robot equipped with wireless image detection and obstacle avoidance capabilities, using the Arduino Uno and ESP32-CAM modules. The robot's design includes essential components: an Arduino Uno microcontroller, an ESP32-CAM camera module, an ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection, motor drivers, and DC motors for mobility. Together, these components allow the robot to navigate independently while capturing visual data from its environment.
1. Arduino Uno: The central processing unit for the robot, the Arduino Uno, coordinates the operation of the sensors, motors, and the ESP32-CAM. It processes data from the ultrasonic sensor to determine the presence and proximity of obstacles. When the sensor detects an obstacle, the Arduino commands the motors to adjust the robot's direction, ensuring smooth navigation without collisions.
2. ESP32-CAM Module: The ESP32-CAM serves as the robot's "eyes," capturing images of the surrounding environment. With built-in WiFi capabilities, this module transmits real-time images wirelessly to a connected device or server, where the data can be stored or monitored remotely. This feature is especially valuable for surveillance applications, as it provides visual updates without requiring manual intervention.
3. Ultrasonic Sensor: The ultrasonic sensor is the primary obstacle detection tool. Mounted at the front of the robot, it sends ultrasonic pulses to measure the distance to nearby objects. When the pulse encounters an object, it reflects back to the sensor, and the Arduino calculates the distance based on the time it took for the pulse to return. If the object is within a set threshold distance, the Arduino will signal the motors to stop or adjust direction to avoid a collision.
4. Motor Drivers and DC Motors: The robot's movement is powered by DC motors connected to a motor driver. The motor driver receives commands from the Arduino, allowing the robot to move forward, turn, or stop as needed. The motor driver also controls the speed and direction of the motors, giving the robot precise control over its path.
5. Operation and Navigation: Once powered on, the robot starts moving forward while the ultrasonic sensor continuously monitors for obstacles. If an obstacle is detected, the robot stops and scans the area to determine the best path to continue. After selecting a new direction, it resumes movement, constantly adjusting its course based on real-time sensor data.
6. Wireless Communication and Image Transmission: The ESP32-CAM module transmits captured images wirelessly, enabling remote monitoring. This allows the robot to function as a mobile surveillance device, capturing images and sending them to a server or control center. This feature is particularly useful in security-sensitive or inaccessible areas, where it provides visual data without the need for a human operator on-site.
Applications: This robotic system is applicable in diverse environments where surveillance and obstacle avoidance are essential. It can be deployed for security monitoring in no-man's-land, rugged terrains, forests, airports, railway stations, traffic control areas, and residential security systems. In all these settings, the robot offers a low-cost, reliable solution for surveillance, obstacle detection, and autonomous navigation.
[012] In summary, this invention leverages Arduino Uno and ESP32-CAM technology to create an autonomous robot that combines wireless image detection with obstacle avoidance, making it a valuable tool for security and exploration in challenging environments. Once initialized, the robot requires no further input from the user, operating independently to navigate its environment while transmitting visual data in real time.
Figure 1. Model of the robot according to the embodiment of the present invention.
[013] Without further elaboration, the foregoing will so fully illustrate my invention, that others may, by applying current of future knowledge, readily adapt the same for use under various conditions of service. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Advantages over the prior art
[014] Design and model of wireless image detection and obstacle detection Robot using Arduino UNO and ESP32 cam proposed by the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
1. Autonomous Operation: The robot can navigate independently, avoiding obstacles without requiring manual intervention. Once started, it operates autonomously, making it ideal for use in remote or inaccessible areas where human control is difficult or unsafe.
2. Real-Time Wireless Image Transmission: With the ESP32-CAM module, the robot can capture and wirelessly transmit real-time images of its surroundings, enabling remote monitoring and surveillance. This feature is valuable for security applications, as it provides visual updates from areas that may require surveillance without needing on-site personnel.
3. Cost-Effective Design: By using affordable components like the Arduino Uno and ESP32-CAM, this robot provides a low-cost solution for security, monitoring, and exploration. The design is accessible, making it a practical choice for institutions or individuals with limited budgets.
4. Obstacle Avoidance for Safe Navigation: The ultrasonic sensor allows the robot to detect and avoid obstacles in real-time, ensuring smooth navigation and reducing the risk of damage to the robot or surrounding objects. This is especially useful in unknown or complex terrains.
5. Versatile Applications: The robot's design is suitable for various applications, including security in high-risk areas (forests, mountainous terrains, no-man's lands), monitoring at airports and railway stations, traffic management, and home security. Its adaptability makes it valuable across multiple fields.
6. User-Friendly and Low-Maintenance: The robot requires minimal setup and no ongoing user intervention after deployment. This makes it easy to operate and maintain, even for users without advanced technical expertise.
7. Portability: Due to its compact size and simple construction, the robot is portable and can be easily deployed in different locations. Its mobility enhances its utility for field operations and exploratory tasks in remote or hazardous areas.
8. Improved Safety: By enabling remote surveillance in hazardous areas, this robot can help keep humans out of potentially dangerous environments. It is beneficial in disaster response scenarios, mine inspections, or any other applications where human safety is a concern.
[015] In the preceding specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the claims that follow. The specification and drawings are accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. Therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. The matter set forth in the foregoing description and accompanying drawings is offered by way of illustration only and not as a limitation. The actual scope of the invention is intended to be defined in the following claims when viewed in their proper perspective based on the prior art.
, Claims:We claim:
1. An autonomous robotic system for wireless image detection and obstacle avoidance, comprising:
- an Arduino Uno microcontroller configured to control the movement and operation of the robot;
- an ESP32-CAM module configured to capture images of the robot's surroundings and transmit these images wirelessly;
- an ultrasonic sensor connected to the Arduino Uno, configured to detect obstacles and measure the distance between the robot and nearby objects;
- at least one motor driver connected to the Arduino Uno and configured to control the movement of DC motors that drive the robot;
- a power source connected to the components, enabling the robot to operate autonomously,
wherein the Arduino Uno processes data from the ultrasonic sensor to autonomously adjust the robot's path based on detected obstacles, and the ESP32-CAM wirelessly transmits captured images to a remote device.
2. The autonomous robotic system of Claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic sensor provides a continuous stream of data, allowing the robot to dynamically adjust its path in real-time to avoid collisions with obstacles.
3. The autonomous robotic system of Claim 1, wherein the ESP32-CAM module is configured to transmit images in real time to a remote device via Wi-Fi, allowing remote monitoring of the robot's surroundings.
4. A method for autonomous navigation and wireless image capture using a robotic system, the method comprising:
- initiating the robot's movement using DC motors controlled by a motor driver;
- capturing images of the robot's surroundings using an ESP32-CAM module and transmitting the images wirelessly to a remote device;
- detecting obstacles in the robot's path using an ultrasonic sensor;
- processing data from the ultrasonic sensor with an Arduino Uno to calculate the distance to detected obstacles;
- adjusting the robot's path based on the distance to obstacles, enabling autonomous navigation and continuous movement.
5. The method of Claim 4, further comprising the step of adjusting the ultrasonic sensor's detection range based on the specific environmental conditions, thereby allowing for customization of obstacle detection sensitivity.
6. The autonomous robotic system of Claim 1, wherein the robot is configured to stop, reverse, or turn upon detecting an obstacle within a predefined distance, allowing for safe navigation in confined spaces.
7. An autonomous robot for remote surveillance, comprising:
- a camera module configured to capture and wirelessly transmit images to a remote device, enabling real-time monitoring;
- an ultrasonic sensor configured to detect obstacles and provide data on the proximity of surrounding objects;
- a control module configured to process data from the ultrasonic sensor and autonomously adjust the robot's path to avoid obstacles;
- a power source configured to provide independent power for the robot's operation,
wherein the control module initiates movement and continuously navigates the robot based on data from the camera module and ultrasonic sensor.
8. The autonomous robot of Claim 7, wherein the camera module is mounted in a position that provides an enhanced field of view, enabling wide-angle image capture for comprehensive surveillance.
9. The autonomous robotic system of Claim 1, further comprising a communication protocol embedded in the ESP32-CAM module that allows the robot to connect to a wireless network, enabling seamless data transmission for remote monitoring.
10. The autonomous robotic system of Claim 1, wherein the robot is configured for deployment in hazardous or remote environments, such as forests, mountainous areas, or disaster zones, where it captures images and avoids obstacles autonomously, making it suitable for high-risk applications.

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