DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC SOLAR SCARECROW

Abstract

By preventing birds and other wildlife from causing damage to agricultural fields, the automated solar-powered scarecrow device described in this invention improves crop protection. Integrated motion sensors, sound-producing mechanisms, and automatic movement components inside the scarecrow construction are powered by solar energy. Because it does not require manual effort and relies less on chemical pesticides, the technology provides an environmentally benign and economical alternative to conventional pest management methods. By adjusting to the environment, the system provides dynamic and sustained deterrent against wildlife, increasing agricultural output and reducing environmental impact. This solar-powered, self-sufficient system integrates automation, sensor technology, and renewable energy to offer a dependable, effective, and sustainable method of managing wildlife in farmland.

Specification

A major advance in agricultural technology, the automated solar-powered scarecrow system offers a highly effective and environmentally friendly means of shielding crops from wildlife harm. The system is especially well-suited for distant or off-grid agricultural areas because it uses solar energy to assure regular and stable operation without the need for external power sources. Sunlight is captured by solar panels built into the structure, and any extra energy is stored in batteries to keep the system running at night or in overcast conditions. This renewable energy strategy offers farmers a long-term, affordable option while reducing its negative effects on the environment.
Fundamentally, the system uses cutting-edge sensor technology to instantly identify the presence of birds and other wildlife. Only when animals are close by do motion and proximity sensors turn on the scarecrow, maximizing energy efficiency and avoiding needless wear. The system uses a variety of dynamic deterrents to successfully frighten away wildlife once it is activated. These contain moving components that simulate the presence of predators, involving fluttering pieces or rotating arms. Additionally, auditory deterrents particular to a species are produced using sound-producing technologies like microwave -emitters of pre-recorded predator calls. Additional visual features, such as LED lights, reflecting surfaces, or artificial predator eyes, boost the system's efficacy even further, particularly at dawn and twilight when birds are most active.
The functionality of the system is improved by the use of automation and intelligent technology. With its Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities and microcontrollers, it can run on its own or be watched over and managed remotely through a smartphone app. Farmers can adjust settings according to crop varieties, field conditions, or particular animal concents thanks to this flexibility. Additionally, the system has the ability to constantly change its behaviour, changing movements or sound patterns to keep animals from growing accustomed to the
deterrents.
There are many advantages to this system. In terms of the environment, it removes the need for dangerous pesticides, guarantee that ecosystems and wildlife won't suffer. Economically, the system's long lifespan and low operating costs result in significant savings over time, even

though the initial expenditure may be larger than with traditional systems. It improves farming operations' resilience and profitability by reduced crop losses and raising yield. Furthermore, a variety of applications, from tiny farms to expansive agricultural fields, may profit from the system's scalability and customization.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Pests are a persistent problem in agricultural production, especially birds and small mammals that can seriously harm crops. Farmers have long employed scarecrows to discourage wildlife from feeding in their fields, but these traditional techniques frequently lose their effectiveness over time. For instance, static scarecrows are unable to adjust to shifting environmental circumstances or animal movements. They also need to be continuously monitored, repositioned, and maintained, which adds to their labour and resource requirements. This has led many farmers to look for improved and more successful crop protection options.
The necessity for cost-effective and environmentally friendly pest management solutions is further highlighted by the rising demand for sustainable farming strategies. Although chemical pesticides arc effective, they have a number of disadvantages, such as detrimental effects on non-target species, soil health, and the ecosystem as a whole. A cycle of increased chemical use can also result from these compounds, as they can eventually cause bugs to become resistant to pesticides. Therefore, in order to minimize impacts on the environment and lessen their dependency on dangerous chemicals, farmers are searching for creative, environmentally
safe substitutes.


In recent years, several technologically sophisticated and automated pest control technologies have been created in response to these difficulties. These include gadgets that create disruptive stimuli or mimic the presence of predators with motion sensors, sound generators, and mechanical movement. Unfortunately, a large number of these devices are not self-sufficient and depend on outside power sources, necessitating constant maintenance and energy input.
Furthermore, because species have become accustomed to the stimuli these systems produce.
By offering an automated solar-powered scarecrow system that integrates cutting-edge sensor and movement technologies with renewable solar energy, the current invention overcomes these drawbacks and offers an environmentally responsible, effective, and self-sustaining method of controlling wildlife in agricultural environments. Through the use of solar energy, the system functions independently of the grid, guaranteeing that it will continue to function


without incurring extra energy expenses. Crops are continuously protected by the system's ability to adjust to changing environmental circumstances and successfully repel pests thanks to the combination of motion sensors, sound-producing devices, and automated movements.
In light of this, the invention is a major improvement over conventional pest management techniques, offering a dependable, economical, and ecologically friendly solution that meets the demands of contemporary farmers as well as the growing emphasis on sustainability in
agriculture.
COMPARISON OF ART WITH CURRENT EXISTING MODEL:
Two different worlds-one based on human creativity and emotion, the other on technology and function-are represented by art and an automated solar scarecrow. In its most basic form, art exists to spark thought, elicit feelings, and convey ideas. It is motivated by the creative imagination of the artist and aims to establish a profoundly personal or social connection with the audience. Artworks can be literal, symbolic, or abstract, and depending on the viewpoint of the viewer, they can be interpreted in a variety of ways. Art can be a reflection of cultural ideals, a challenge to convention, or just an investigation of form or beauty. Its impact can last across generations, and when it becomes ingrained in historical context or cultural memory, it's worth frequently rises over time.
Conversely, the autonomous solar scarecrow is a useful, problem-solving tool made with a distinct and well-defined goal: to safeguard crops by deterring pests and birds. It accomplishes this by utilizing technology, including motion sensors, sound, lights, and solar electricity. In contrast to art, which is characterized by its inventiveness and flexibility, the scarecrow's design is limited by pragmatic factors. The main goal is to guarantee efficacy, durability, and efficiency in agricultural settings. Its solar-powered feature emphasizes its dependence on renewable energy, making it a cutting-edge and ecologically responsible solution.
In contrast to art, which prioritizes beauty and emotional connection, the autonomous solar scarecrow prioritizes functionality and usefulness. Foma frequently triumphs over utility in the artistic design process, which permits flexibility, experimentation, and a personal touch. For instance, there are infinite methods for artists to work with materials to convey a concept, and the finished product can be meant to provoke contemplation rather than fulfil a functional need.
The scarecrow, on the other hand, has a more structured design that is informed by engineering principles meant to maximize performance. The arrangement of sensors, solar panels, and


deterrent systems is determined by the requirement to optimize its ability to repel animals, hence shaping its design.
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Though in different ways, design thinking and creativity are fundamental to both art and the solar scarecrow. Art frequently challenges viewers' preconceived notions by experimenting with novel mediums, topics, and approaches. The field is always changing, and a piece's relevance and meaning may shift over time. Conversely, the solar scarecrow is the product of


technological innovation that capitalizes on developments in renewable energy and automation.
Although it has a useful design, there is still opportunity for innovation in the way it simulates dangers to keep pests away. For example, to make it more effective, designers could add features that mimic predatory creatures or mix other senses (such as light and sound).
There are also notable differences between the two in how they interact with the user. The purpose of art is to be experienced; each viewer's interpretation, feelings, and reactions to a work are unique. The relationship between an audience and art is very personal and differs widely from person to person. On the other hand, the autonomous solar scarecrow reacts to its surroundings in a fairly mechanical manner. To frighten away pests, it. immediately initiates a response when it detects motion. There are clear expectations for how it should operate, and the only human contact is in setting it up and perhaps maintaining it.
From a cultural standpoint, art frequently has historical and symbolic meaning. It can act as a social mirror, reflecting customs, beliefs, and changes in society. Artworks have the power to become iconic, representing whole historical movements or eras. This kind of cultural or symbolic weight is absent from the automatic scarecrow, despite its importance in its sector.
Although it can be viewed as a representation of human creativity in utilizing sustainable energy to address agricultural difficulties, its function is strictly utilitarian.
Art frequently has a lasting presence when it comes to lifespan. Even today, masterpieces front centuries ago are valued, and their significance changes as society does. On the other hand, the autonomous solar scarecrow is a technological advancement that is happening quite quickly.
It's likely that more sophisticated models may replace older ones as new materials, energy sources, or automation techniques are created. Art can remain relevant for a long time after it is created, but its relevance is connected to its utilitarian longevity.
In conclusion, although having very different functions, shapes, and effects, art and the automated solar scarecrow both showcase human inventiveness in unique ways. The

An inventive approach to agricultural pest management has been made possible by the development of the automated solar-powered scarecrow system. This self-sustaining and eco- friendly system successfully prevents birds and wildlife from destroying crops by utilizing solar energy, motion sensors, and sound-producing devices. It offers a more effective and adaptable method of crop protection by doing away with the manual labour that traditional scarecrows demand.


The worth of art, on the other hand, stems from its cultural and symbolic significance and is a form of human expression intended to arouse feelings and thoughts. The solar scarecrow is a useful, functional item designed to use technology to solve real-world problems, as art promotes creativity and personalized interpretation.
Although design thinking and innovation are used in both domains, their objectives are distinct.
While art is arbitrary and subjective, the scarecrow is a technologically advanced, useful solution to a particular agricultural necessity. While art typically endures beyond cultural boundaries, the solar scarecrow's significance is correlated with both its functional lifespan and technological progress. With art promoting emotional connections and the solar scarecrow offering sustainability and agricultural efficiency, both embody human creativity.
OBJECTIVE
The goal of the automated solar-powered scarecrow system is to offer a cutting-edge and environmentally friendly answer to one of the biggest problems facing agriculture: preventing wildlife damage to crops. Crop damage by birds and other small mammals frequently results in lower yields and financial losses for farmers. Conventional approaches, such using chemical pesticides or static scarecrows, have been shown to be either inefficient or environmentally hazardous. The automated solar-powered scarecrow system seeks to address these drawbacks by providing a more economical, eco-friendly, and effective substitute.


Fundamentally, the system is made to run solely on solar power and be self-sufficient. This eliminates the need for external power sources, which lowers expenses and guarantees that the scarecrow can operate continuously-even in isolated locations where power lines might not be easily accessible. Since solar energy lessens reliance on non-renewable energy sources and the carbon footprint, it also fits with the growing trend of sustainability in agriculture.
The scarecrow's automatic movement mechanics and motion sensors enable it to react dynamically to environmental changes. In contrast to conventional scarecrows, which remain motionless and may soon lose their effectiveness as animals grow accustomed to them, this system can modify its behaviour to resemble predator movements or produce unsettling stimuli (such as light or noise). This flexibility keeps the scarecrow's deterrent effect throughout time by preventing wildlife from becoming accustomed to it.
The system also includes sound-producing components that make noises or call out to predators, which increases its ability to frighten off small mammals and birds. Because the system uses motion, sound, and light as multi-sensory deterrents, it provides a better level of protection against pests and makes the environment more natural and unexpected for animals, making them uncomfortable around the crops.
Using this technique gives farmers a number of important advantages. First of all, it eliminates the requirement for human labour because farmers are no longer need to move or care for conventional scarecrows. The method also makes farmers' operations more effective by automating the procedure, which frees up time for other chores that need more direct attention.
The environmental impact is another important advantage. A non-toxic, environmentally acceptable alternative to chemical pesticides, the automated scarecrow system can protect soil health, beneficial insects, and the larger ecosystem in addition to pests. By utilizing mechanical deterrents and the sun's renewable energy, it offers a pest control method that is in balance with the environment and doesn't affect non-target species.
Furthermore, the system's affordability is influenced by its low maintenance requirements.
Once established, it requires little maintenance, saving farmers money on labour and operating


expenses. Solar power integration also enables the system to function without the additional cost of energy bills, which makes it a desirable choice for farmers wishing to lower their overall crop protection costs.
By providing a more dynamic, long-term approach to pest control, the automated solar scarecrow lowers the likelihood of wildlife becoming accustomed to crops and makes sure that pests are consistently kept away from them, increasing crop yields. The system's flexibility and self-sufficiency make it a dependable instrument for long-term agricultural output as well as a
deterrent.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Figure 1: The flapping mechanism associated with the servo motor is visible from the front view. At a decimal frequency of 3 Hz, the buzzer indicates approximately 5 seconds while the SERVO MOTOR rotates the +90 and -90 degrees for 5 seconds. At a height of seven inches, ,the flapping mechanism is positioned. The automatic solar crow is 12 inches tall overall, and as a result, the average crop height above the ground is 10 inches. In order to detect birds and other animals and provide the Arduino with a signal, an ultrasonic sensor is positioned on top of the scarecrow.
Figure 2: Both the scarecrow's left and right upper corners display the solar panel in side view.
For the power system, the solar panels are utilized. Direct power to the Arduino and servo motor is provided by the single solar panel. In an emergency, such as at night or during a period of low temperature, the other one is used to store batteries. The solar panels are chosen based on the computation.
DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
AUTOMATED SOLAR-POWERED SCARECROW SYSTEM
A number of engineering concepts, technical advancements, and sustainable energy sources were combined in the creation of the automated solar-powered scarecrow system. From idea to final implementation, the project moves through numerous crucial stages and takes into account a variety of agricultural requirements, environmental factors, and technology developments.


Developing the concept and preliminary design:
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In the first stage of the project, the main issue that the invention attempts to address is the need for more sustainable and efficient crop protection from animals, especially birds.
Because the animals have become accustomed to them, traditional scarecrows, albeit helpful in the past, have become ineffective over time. Developing a system that could use renewable energy, be self-sustaining, and adapt dynamically to environmental conditions was the goal. Designing a scarecrow system that replicated the deterrent effect of predators by combining motion sensors, solar electricity, and automated mechanical movement was
the answer.


Selection of Research and Technologies:
The following phase was to investigate the best technology to include into the scarecrow after the first design concept was finalized. Selecting lightweight materials that, could C-ndure the demanding circumstances of agricultural fields, dependable sensors, and energy ­efficient components were the main priorities.
Key areas of research included:
Solar panels: The effectiveness of several types of solar panels was assessed, with a preference for high-efficiency, lightweight panels that could deliver steady power all day long.
Motion sensors: To make sure they could identify animals at a distance that was enough, the sensitivity and range of several motion sensor types-such as infrared, ultrasonic, etc.-were
reviewed.
Devices for producing sound: A variety of sound generator options, including loudspeakers and ultrasonic emitters, were examined with the goal of creating noises that would resemble predator calls or loud noises that would annoy wildlife.
Building materials: Both weather resistance and lightweight design were essential for the frame and casing. The durability and convenience of installation of materials such as aluminium or tough polymers were taken into consideration.




Creation of Prototypes: The next step was to construct a functional prototype of the solar-powered scarecrow using the chosen technology and materials. The prototype has to incorporate all of the essential elements, solar panels for the system's power. Sensors to identify animals or motion, movement actuators, which would produce mechanical motions like shifting structures or waving arms. Sound systems that make noises intended to frighten or agitate animals.
Each component was integrated and tested as the prototype was put together in phases. For the scarecrow to run continually, even on overcast or nighttime days, the solar panels were linked to a battery storage system. Animals entering a predetermined range were detected using motion sensors, which set off the sound and movement systems.
4. Examining and modifying: The system was put through a rigorous testing process in a variety of field situations after the initial prototype was assembled. In order to evaluate the system's efficacy, dependability, and longevity, this stage was essential.
Deterrence of wildlife: The scarecrow's effectiveness in discouraging various animal and bird species was evaluated by counting the number of pest sightings both before and after the system was put into place.
Battery life and solar efficiency: To make sure the system could continue to run day and night, how well the solar panel and battery system performed under various light circumstances was examined. Tests of the scarecrow's durability to wind, rain, and temperature changes were necessary because it would be deployed outside.
Mechanical component durability: To make sure they could tolerate the mechanical stress for prolonged periods of time, the moving parts and sound-producing devices were examined for wear and tear.
A number of design revisions were prompted by testing phase feedback: The precision and range of the motion sensor have been enhanced.
To make the sound produced effective without being overpowering, the frequency and amplitude of the sound were adjusted. For the purpose of simulating more realistic predator behaviors, the mechanical movements were improved.


Using Intelligent Features: The group added smart technology to the system to enhance its performance even more, enabling farmers to remotely monitor and operate the scarecrow. This could include: Web or mobile apps that let farmers choose the type of movement the scarecrow makes, the sound systems* loudness. and the motion sensors' sensitivity.
Information analytics to monitor the scarecrow's effectiveness, including the quantity of activations per day. the quantity of solar power produced, and the number of wildlife encounters. With the help of the smart system, farmers may adjust the scarecrow's behaviour and get activity reports, guaranteeing peak performance and low energy usage.



6. Final Optimization and Testing: To confirm the scarecrow's general functionality, a last round of testing was carried out when all the parts had been assembled and the system was completely functional. This
comprised:
extended field testing to make sure the technology continued to work over time.
To ensure that the solar power system was sufficient for continuous operation, energy use was monitored. Preventing the scarecrow from interfering with routine farming tasks like crop harvesting or irrigation. Feedback from the real world was used to make adjustments that improved rhe system's performance in a range of agricultural settings.
7. Manufacturing and Market Development the system's functionality and design were completed, and it was ready for mass manufacturing this phase's emphasis was on: Simplifying the manufacturing process will lower costs and enable farmers to purchase the
scarecrow.
Scalabilitjr: Making sure the design can be modified to fit various agricultural fields, ranging from tiny farms to massive commercial enterprises. Easy installation and upkeep: Fanners may implement the system without requiring specific knowledge because it was made to be easy to install and maintain. By highlighting the solar-powered scarecrow's sustainability, affordability, and long-term crop protection efficacy, marketing campaigns aimed to highlight
its advantages.


Continued Enhancements the commercialization of the automated solar-powered scarecrow system was not the end of its development. Ongoing research and development is done in order to: Enhance the technologies for sensors and motion detection.
In order to maximize energy acquisition, increase the solar power efficiency by perhaps using sun tracking devices. For even more impact, use modem deterrent techniques (such using drones or visual deterrents). Using data from the environment, use artificial intelligence (Al) to forecast and adjust to pest behaviour patterns.

We claim
Claim 1: A system of automated scarecrows that uses solar electricity to keep animals away from crops. A structure that uses movement and sound to mimic the presence of a predator or disturb wildlife solar panels set up to collect sunlight and supply the system with power For energy storage and uninterrupted operation at times when there is no sunlight, battery storage is connected to the solar panels.
Claim 2: The battery storage in the automated solar-powered scarecrow system of claim 1 is a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, which can power the system for up to 48 hours when there is no direct sunshine.
Claim 3: According to claim 1, fanners can set up and run the automated solar-powered scarecrow system with little technical expertise and little work because the system is made to be simple to install and maintain.
Claim 4: Using loudspeakers or ultrasonic emitters, the automated solar-powered scarecrow system of claim I mimics the calls of natural predators or other disruptive noises at a volume and frequency intended to frighten wildlife.

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