COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF INSECT INFESTATIONS USING MICROBIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS

Abstract

COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF INSECT INFESTATIONS USING MICROBIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS ABSTRACT The invention provides a composition and method for treating insect infestations using microbial biocontrol agents. The composition comprises selected strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, entomopathogenic fungi, and beneficial nematodes, formulated with suitable carriers and adjuvants to enhance effectiveness. The method involves applying the composition to infested areas, optimizing the timing to target specific pest life stages, and monitoring treatment effectiveness. This innovative approach offers an environmentally sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, reducing pest resistance development and promoting beneficial microbial populations, ultimately contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.

Specification

Description:COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF INSECT INFESTATIONS USING MICROBIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to pest control, specifically to compositions and methods for treating insect infestations utilizing microbial biocontrol agents. The invention aims to provide environmentally sustainable and effective alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides, targeting a variety of insect pests affecting agricultural crops, gardens, and other environments.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Insect infestations are a significant challenge in agriculture and horticulture, leading to substantial economic losses and reduced crop yields. Traditional methods of pest control often rely on synthetic chemical pesticides, which can be harmful to non-target organisms, including beneficial insects, wildlife, and humans. Moreover, the overuse of these chemicals has led to the development of resistance among pest populations, further exacerbating the problem.
Microbial biocontrol agents have emerged as a promising alternative to chemical pesticides. These agents, which include bacteria, fungi, and viruses, can specifically target insect pests while minimizing harm to beneficial organisms. For instance, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a well-known bacterial biopesticide that produces toxins lethal to certain insects but is considered safe for humans and wildlife. However, despite their advantages, the efficacy of microbial agents can be limited by factors such as environmental conditions, application methods, and the specific life stages of pests targeted.
Recent advancements in biotechnology and microbiology have led to the development of novel microbial strains and formulations that enhance the effectiveness and stability of biocontrol agents. By optimizing these factors, it is possible to create compositions that are more resilient and effective in controlling insect infestations. The present invention seeks to address the limitations of existing biocontrol methods by providing a robust composition and method that utilizes selected microbial agents to treat insect infestations effectively.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a composition for the treatment of insect infestations, comprising specific strains of microbial biocontrol agents that demonstrate enhanced efficacy against target insect pests. These agents are formulated with suitable carriers and adjuvants to improve their stability, adhesion, and effectiveness when applied to infested areas.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition includes strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana, and beneficial nematodes. The method of treatment involves applying the composition to infested plants, soil, or structures, allowing the microbial agents to establish and exert their biocontrol effects.
The invention offers a sustainable solution to insect infestations, reducing reliance on chemical pesticides while promoting environmental health and safety. Additionally, the invention can be integrated into existing pest management practices, enhancing their overall effectiveness.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The accompanying figures where like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views and which together with the detailed description below are incorporated in and form part of the specification, serve to further illustrate various embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages all in accordance with the invention.
The figure should depict the steps involved in preparing the composition, applying it to infested areas, and monitoring the results over time.
Skilled artisans will appreciate the elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed. It shall be understood that different aspects of the invention can be appreciated individually, collectively, or in combination with each other.
The present invention provides a composition for treating insect infestations that combines various microbial biocontrol agents known for their efficacy against specific insect pests. The composition includes, but is not limited to, the following microbial agents:

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt): This bacterium produces crystalline proteins toxic to larvae of several insect species, including lepidopterans. Its effectiveness can be enhanced through the selection of specific strains that target resistant pest populations.

Entomopathogenic fungi (e.g., Beauveria bassiana): These fungi infect and kill insects upon contact. The invention utilizes selected strains with proven virulence against target pests, improving their application efficacy and infection rates.

Beneficial nematodes (e.g., Steinernema and Heterorhabditis species): These microscopic worms actively seek out insect hosts in the soil, releasing symbiotic bacteria that kill the host. The invention emphasizes the importance of soil-dwelling nematodes in controlling underground pests.

The formulation of the composition is critical for maximizing the effectiveness of these agents. Suitable carriers, such as natural clays or biodegradable polymers, can be used to ensure even distribution and adherence to target surfaces. Additionally, adjuvants may be incorporated to improve the stability and bioavailability of the microbial agents under varying environmental conditions.

The application method is designed to optimize the impact of the microbial agents on insect infestations. The composition may be applied as a spray, soil drench, or through incorporation into seed treatments. Timing of application is crucial, targeting specific life stages of the pests for maximum efficacy. For example, applying Bt during the early larval stage of lepidopterans ensures that the larvae ingest the toxin while actively feeding.

Furthermore, the invention addresses the persistence of microbial agents in the environment. Formulations are developed to provide a controlled release of the microbial agents, prolonging their activity against pests and reducing the frequency of applications.

The method also includes monitoring strategies to assess the effectiveness of the treatment. This may involve visual inspections, pest population counts, and analysis of crop health. Adjustments to application strategies can be made based on real-time data, enhancing the adaptability of the pest control program.

In summary, the invention provides a comprehensive approach to insect pest management using microbial biocontrol agents, focusing on effective formulations, application techniques, and monitoring practices. This multi-faceted strategy ensures that the treatment not only controls insect populations effectively but also aligns with sustainable agricultural practices.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a composition for the treatment of aphid infestations on cultivated crops, specifically targeting lettuce (Lactuca sativa), is developed. The composition consists of a mixture of three microbial biocontrol agents: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strain H14, Beauveria bassiana strain GHA, and Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes.

Composition Preparation
The composition is prepared by culturing the selected microbial agents under controlled laboratory conditions. The Bt strain is cultured in a nutrient-rich broth for 48 hours to produce a high concentration of the bacterial spores. Simultaneously, the Beauveria bassiana strain is cultivated on a solid medium to produce fungal conidia, which are harvested and suspended in a liquid carrier. The beneficial nematodes are obtained from commercial sources and maintained in a suitable medium until use.

The final composition is formulated by mixing the following components:

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt): 1 × 10^9 spores per milliliter.
Beauveria bassiana: 1 × 10^7 conidia per milliliter.
Steinernema carpocapsae: 1 × 10^6 nematodes per milliliter.
Carrier: A biodegradable polymer matrix, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), to enhance adhesion and stability.
Adjuvant: A natural surfactant derived from plant extracts to improve the spreading and sticking properties of the composition on leaf surfaces.
Application Method
The composition is applied to the affected lettuce plants using a backpack sprayer at a rate of 2 liters per hectare. The application occurs in the early morning when temperatures are lower, ensuring optimal conditions for microbial activity and minimizing the risk of UV degradation.

Monitoring and Efficacy Assessment
Post-application, the treatment's effectiveness is monitored by assessing the aphid population at intervals of 3, 7, and 14 days. The aphid count is conducted by visually inspecting the undersides of leaves, recording the number of live aphids per plant. A reduction of at least 80% in the aphid population is expected within two weeks of treatment. Additionally, crop health is evaluated through visual assessments and measurements of leaf weight to determine any phytotoxicity.

Expected Outcomes
The embodiment is anticipated to provide effective control of aphid infestations while promoting the health of beneficial insect populations, such as ladybugs and lacewings, which are natural predators of aphids. Furthermore, the formulation aims to enhance soil health by introducing beneficial microbes into the environment, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.
Advantages of the Invention
The invention presents several advantages over traditional chemical pesticide methods. First, it significantly reduces environmental impacts, as microbial biocontrol agents are less harmful to non-target organisms and do not contribute to soil and water contamination. Second, the targeted nature of the microbial agents minimizes the development of pest resistance, allowing for more effective long-term pest management solutions. Third, the composition can enhance soil health by promoting beneficial microbial populations, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.

Additionally, the ease of application and integration into existing pest management frameworks offers flexibility for farmers and agricultural professionals. The method can be tailored to specific crops, pest species, and environmental conditions, ensuring a customized approach that maximizes effectiveness. The invention supports the growing demand for organic and environmentally friendly pest control solutions, providing a viable alternative to chemical pesticides in various agricultural and horticultural settings.
, Claims:I/WE CLAIM:
1. A method for treating insect infestations, comprising the steps of:
o preparing a composition that includes a mixture of microbial biocontrol agents selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis, entomopathogenic fungi, and beneficial nematodes;
o applying the composition to the area affected by insect infestations;
o allowing the microbial agents to establish and exert their biocontrol effects on the insect pests.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the microbial biocontrol agents are formulated with a carrier selected from the group consisting of natural clays and biodegradable polymers to enhance stability and adherence.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the microbial agents are applied as a spray, soil drench, or seed treatment, depending on the specific pest and crop type.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the application of the microbial composition is timed to coincide with the specific life stages of the target insect pests.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises adjuvants to improve the efficacy and bioavailability of the microbial agents.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the effectiveness of the treatment is monitored through visual inspections and pest population counts.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein adjustments to the application strategy are made based on real-time data regarding pest populations and crop health.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the microbial agents provide a controlled release, prolonging their activity against target insect pests.

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