COMPACT LABORATORY DEVICE FOR STIFFENED DEEP CEMENT MIXING (SDCM) PILE FORMATION AND TESTING

Abstract

The present invention provides a compact laboratory device for the formation and testing of Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles under controlled conditions. The device includes a PVC mold divided into outer and inner compartments for untreated and cemented soil, respectively. A ring-type compactor is used to compress untreated soil in the outer compartment, while a solid circular compactor is employed to compact cemented soil in the inner compartment. A hollow cylinder maintains separation between the two compartments during the process. The device also features a guide-way mechanism to ensure precise vertical insertion of a central stiffener into the cemented soil, reinforcing the SDCM pile. This invention allows researchers to replicate field conditions in a laboratory setting, facilitating the study of SDCM piles' mechanical properties and behavior under various load conditions. It is particularly valuable for geotechnical research, foundation engineering, and soil stabilization applications.

Specification

Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The present invention pertains to the field of geotechnical engineering, specifically to laboratory devices used in the study of soil compaction and cement mixing techniques. More particularly, it relates to a device for the formation of Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles under controlled laboratory conditions. The invention facilitates the study of the mechanical behaviour of SDCM piles by simulating field conditions through static compaction in a compact laboratory setup, thereby assisting in research and testing related to SDCM technology.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0002] In geotechnical engineering, determining the mechanical properties and behaviour of soils under various load conditions is critical. One of the standard methods used in laboratory testing is static compaction, which replicates the conditions soils experience in the field by applying controlled pressure to soil samples within a mould. This method allows researchers to simulate real-world soil behaviours in a controlled environment, which is essential for studying soil structures and their performance under load.
[0003] Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) is a technique widely used to improve the strength and stability of soils by mixing cement or other binding agents into the ground. The technique is particularly beneficial for weak or soft soils that need reinforcement for construction projects such as foundations, embankments, and retaining walls. In some cases, Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) is used, where stiffeners are inserted into the cemented soil to provide additional structural support.
[0004] However, there is currently no compact, easy-to-use laboratory device available for producing SDCM piles. The traditional research methods for SDCM pile formation involve large-scale setups, requiring significant manpower and resources, and these methods may not accurately replicate field conditions in a laboratory setting.
[0005] To address this issue, the present invention introduces a compact laboratory device designed for forming SDCM piles using static compaction techniques. This device simplifies the process of creating SDCM piles under controlled laboratory conditions, enabling more efficient research and testing of these structures. It offers a streamlined approach to the formation of cemented soil columns and the insertion of central stiffeners, allowing researchers to study the behavior of SDCM piles with greater ease and precision.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0006] The present invention provides a compact and efficient laboratory device for forming Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles. The device replicates field conditions in a controlled laboratory environment by enabling the static compaction of cemented soil and the insertion of a central stiffener to form an SDCM pile.
[0007] The invention comprises a PVC mould in which cemented soil is compacted to form the SDCM pile. The compaction process is facilitated by a manual handle that operates a compaction mechanism consisting of two types of compactors: a ring-type compactor for compacting untreated soil and a solid circular compactor for compacting cemented soil. After the compaction of cemented soil, a central stiffener is inserted through a guideway to create the SDCM pile.
[0008] The invention addresses the need for a compact laboratory setup for forming SDCM piles, eliminating the need for large-scale equipment and minimizing manpower and resources. This device allows researchers to study the mechanical behaviour of SDCM piles under controlled conditions, enabling research related to geotechnical applications, such as triaxial compression testing and other soil behaviour studies.
[0009] The compact nature and versatility of this device make it a valuable tool for researchers and engineers to accurately simulate field conditions, improving the understanding and performance of SDCM pile technology in real-world applications.
PRIOR ART OF INVENTION
[0010] In the field of geotechnical engineering, various devices and techniques have been developed for forming soil samples under controlled laboratory conditions. Static compaction methods, in particular, are widely used to replicate field conditions in a laboratory setting by applying controlled pressure to soil within a mould. These methods allow researchers to assess the mechanical properties of soils under different load conditions.
[0011] Deep Cement Mixing (DCM) is a well-established method used in soil stabilization and reinforcement, especially for weak or soft soils. DCM improves soil strength by mixing cement or other binders into the soil. While laboratory setups exist for the formation of DCM piles, they typically involve large-scale equipment, requiring significant manpower and resources to simulate real-world conditions.
[0012] However, the formation of Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles, which includes the addition of stiffeners into cemented soil, is a more complex process. Currently, there are no compact laboratory devices specifically designed for forming SDCM piles under static compaction. Researchers must often resort to filling large tanks with cemented soil and stiffeners to conduct experiments, which is cumbersome and does not precisely replicate field conditions in a controlled lab environment.
[0013] Existing laboratory setups for soil sample compaction often lack the ability to form SDCM piles in a simple, efficient manner. They either require modifications or additional equipment to achieve the desired results, which increases complexity and cost. Additionally, current methods for forming SDCM piles may not ensure accurate alignment of the stiffener during the compaction process, leading to inconsistencies in the samples produced.
[0014] The present invention addresses these shortcomings by introducing a compact and efficient laboratory device specifically designed for the formation of SDCM piles. This invention simplifies the process, reduces the need for large-scale equipment, and enables precise insertion of stiffeners into cemented soil columns during the compaction process. As a result, it allows for more accurate and consistent testing of SDCM piles in laboratory conditions, improving research outcomes and advancing understanding in the field of soil stabilization.
[0015] The present invention offers several distinct advantages over existing methods and devices used for the formation of Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles in laboratory settings. These advantages include:
[0016] Compact Design: Unlike traditional large-scale laboratory setups that require filling large tanks and utilizing extensive resources, this invention provides a compact device that can be used in smaller laboratory environments. The reduced size and simplicity make it easy to handle, transport, and store, significantly reducing the operational footprint.
[0017] Efficient Formation of SDCM Piles: The invention simplifies the process of forming SDCM piles by integrating a mechanism for compacting both untreated and cemented soil within a single device. It eliminates the need for complex or large equipment, allowing researchers to create SDCM piles quickly and efficiently, saving time and effort.
[0018] Precise Stiffener Placement: One of the key features of the invention is its guideway mechanism, which ensures the accurate and consistent insertion of a stiffener into the cemented soil column. This feature guarantees the stiffener is properly aligned during the compaction process, leading to more reliable and uniform SDCM pile samples for testing and analysis.
[0019] Laboratory Simulation of Field Conditions: The invention replicates field conditions through static compaction, enabling researchers to simulate the exact conditions under which SDCM piles are formed in real-world geotechnical applications. This makes the device ideal for conducting research and tests on SDCM piles in a controlled environment, such as triaxial compression testing.
[0020] Cost-Effective Solution: The invention reduces the need for costly and resource-intensive setups that are commonly used for large-scale SDCM pile research. By providing a streamlined, all-in-one device, it minimizes manpower and material costs while still delivering high-quality results that are comparable to field conditions.
[0021] Versatility in Testing: The device can be used for various research purposes, including the study of soil behaviour under load conditions, the formation of SDCM piles for strength testing, and other soil stabilization studies. Its versatility makes it a valuable tool for both academic and industrial research in geotechnical engineering.
[0022] Improved Sample Consistency: The integrated compaction mechanisms for both untreated and cemented soils, combined with the precise placement of the stiffener, ensure more consistent and reliable sample formation. This leads to better repeatability in experiments and more accurate data for research studies.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0023] The accompanying drawings illustrate the embodiments of systems, methods, and other aspects of the disclosure. Any person with ordinary skills in the art will appreciate that the illustrated element boundaries (e.g., boxes, groups of boxes, or other shapes) in the figures represent an example of the boundaries. In some examples, one element may be designed as multiple elements, or multiple elements may be designed as one element. In some examples, an element shown as an internal component of one element may be implemented as an external component in another and vice versa. Furthermore, the elements may not be drawn to scale.
[0024] Various embodiments will hereinafter be described in accordance with the appended drawings, which are provided to illustrate, not limit, the scope, wherein similar designations denote similar elements, and in which:
[0025] Figure 1 illustrates a three-dimensional perspective view of the laboratory device in its configuration with the ring-type compactor, used for the compaction of untreated soil in the formation of a Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) pile.
[0026] The device comprises a base plate (1) which serves as the foundational support for the entire setup. A hinge mechanism (2) is provided to facilitate movement and operation of the handle (3), which is utilized for adjusting the mould during the compaction process. The PVC mould (4) encloses the untreated soil and cement mixture, with an inner diameter of 300 mm.
[0027] The ring-type compactor (5) is positioned over the outer soil compartment and is used for the compaction of untreated soil prior to the cementation process. A hollow cylinder (6), having an inner diameter of 40 mm, divides the PVC mould into two distinct zones, one for the untreated soil and the other for the cemented soil.
[0028] The bearing plate (7) provides structural support and alignment during the compaction process, while the compactor handle (8) is manually operated to apply the necessary force for compacting the soil. The entire assembly is designed to replicate field conditions for the formation and testing of SDCM piles under controlled laboratory settings.
[0029] Figure 2 depicts a three-dimensional perspective view of the laboratory device configured with a solid circular compactor for the compaction of the cemented soil in the formation of a Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) pile.
[0030] The device features a nut-bolt assembly (9) that secures the base plate to the main structure, ensuring the stability and integrity of the system during operation. The main plate (10) serves as a platform for supporting the PVC mould and the compaction mechanism.
[0031] The outer compartment of the PVC mould is filled with untreated soil, which has already been compacted and is denoted as the compacted outer soil (11). A solid circular compactor (12) with an outer diameter of 39 mm is employed for the compaction of the cemented soil in the inner compartment. The compactor is attached to the central bearing plate, ensuring uniform pressure during the compaction process.
[0032] A collar (13) is positioned to maintain the alignment of the compactor assembly, ensuring precise operation as the cemented soil is compacted within the PVC mould. This setup is integral to the formation of the cemented soil column in the SDCM pile under laboratory conditions.
[0033] Figure 3 provides a three-dimensional perspective view of the laboratory device configured with a guide-way mechanism for the insertion of the central stiffener into the cemented soil column during the formation of a Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) pile.
[0034] The central stiffener (14) is positioned within the inner compartment of the mould and is inserted vertically into the cemented soil column to provide structural reinforcement. The guide-way (15) facilitates the precise alignment and insertion of the stiffener, ensuring that it is centrally and correctly positioned throughout the compaction process.
[0035] This configuration enables the accurate placement of the stiffener within the cemented soil column, thereby replicating field conditions in a controlled laboratory environment, essential for the testing and analysis of SDCM pile behaviour.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0036] The present disclosure is best understood with reference to the detailed figures and description set forth herein. Various embodiments have been discussed with reference to the figures. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed descriptions provided herein with respect to the figures are merely for explanatory purposes, as the methods and devices may extend beyond the described embodiments. For instance, the teachings presented and the needs of a particular application may yield multiple alternative and suitable approaches to implement the functionality of any detail described herein. Therefore, any approach may extend beyond certain implementation choices in the following embodiments.
[0037] References to "one embodiment," "at least one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," "an example," "for example," and so on indicate that the embodiment(s) or example(s) may include a particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation but that not every embodiment or example necessarily includes that particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation. Further, repeated use of the phrase "in an embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.
[0038] Methods of the present invention may be implemented by performing or completing manually, automatically, or a combination thereof, selected steps or tasks. The term "method" refers to manners, means, techniques, and procedures for accomplishing a given task including, but not limited to, those manners, means, techniques, and procedures either known to or readily developed from known manners, means, techniques, and procedures by practitioners of the art to which the invention belongs. The descriptions, examples, methods, and materials presented in the claims and the specification are not to be constructed as limiting but rather as illustrative only. Those skilled in the art will envision many other possible variations within the scope of the technology described herein.
[0039] The present invention relates to a laboratory device designed for the formation and testing of Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles under controlled laboratory conditions. This invention facilitates the replication of field conditions through static compaction and the precise insertion of a central stiffener into cemented soil, enabling accurate research and testing in geotechnical engineering.
[0040] The device is comprised of several key components as outlined below and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
[0041] The laboratory device features a robust metallic frame, comprising two vertical posts, which are secured to a horizontal base plate (1) and connected at the top by a horizontal member. This framework supports the various operational components, including the compaction and stiffening mechanisms.
[0042] PVC Mould (4): At the center of the device is a Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) mould (4) with an inner diameter of 300 mm, designed to hold the soil mixture. This mould is mounted on the base plate (1) and fixed securely using a nut-bolt assembly (9) to ensure stability during the compaction process. The mould is divided into two compartments: an outer compartment for untreated soil and an inner compartment for cemented soil.
[0043] Compaction Mechanism: The device is equipped with two distinct compactors for handling the untreated and cemented soil, respectively:
[0044] Ring-Type Compactor (5): As shown in Figure 1, this compactor is used to apply static compaction to the untreated soil in the outer compartment of the PVC mould. The compactor is operated manually by a handle (8), which applies downward pressure via the bearing plate (7). This process compacts the untreated soil to simulate field conditions.
[0045] Solid Circular Compactor (12): As shown in Figure 2, once the untreated soil is compacted, the ring-type compactor is removed, and a solid circular compactor (12) with an outer diameter of 39 mm is mounted on the bearing plate (7). This compactor is used to compact the cemented soil in the inner compartment of the mould. The operation of the solid circular compactor ensures that the cemented soil is uniformly compacted to form a strong foundation for the SDCM pile.
[0046] Hollow Cylinder (6) and Collar (13): A hollow cylinder (6) with an inner diameter of 40 mm is placed within the PVC mould, separating the untreated soil from the cemented soil. This cylinder ensures that the two soil types remain distinct during the compaction process. The collar (13) is used to align the hollow cylinder with the solid circular compactor (12), maintaining the vertical alignment of the device components during compaction.
[0047] Guide-Way for Stiffener Insertion (15): As illustrated in Figure 3, once the cemented soil has been compacted, the device is configured for the insertion of a central stiffener (14). The guide-way (15) is designed to ensure precise alignment of the stiffener as it is inserted into the center of the cemented soil column. This alignment is critical for ensuring that the SDCM pile mimics real-world conditions, where stiffeners are inserted to reinforce the cemented soil for improved structural integrity.
[0048] Central Stiffener (14): The central stiffener (14) is inserted vertically through the guide-way (15) into the compacted cemented soil column. The guide-way ensures that the stiffener is positioned precisely at the center of the column. Once in place, the stiffener provides additional strength and stiffness to the SDCM pile, replicating the effect of field-installed stiffeners in soil stabilization projects.
[0049] Operation of the Device: The device operates by first compacting the untreated soil in the outer compartment of the mould using the ring-type compactor (5). Once the outer soil has been compacted, the hollow cylinder (6) and ring-type compactor (5) are removed. The solid circular compactor (12) is then installed, and cemented soil is compacted in the inner compartment of the mould.
[0050] After the cemented soil has been sufficiently compacted, the guide-way (15) is attached to the device to ensure the accurate insertion of the central stiffener (14). The stiffener is inserted vertically into the compacted cemented soil column, forming the final SDCM pile. This setup allows for the formation of SDCM piles under controlled laboratory conditions, replicating field conditions for research and testing purposes.
[0051] Benefits of the Invention:
[0052] This invention significantly improves the ability to create and test SDCM piles in a laboratory setting, offering several key advantages:
[0053] Compact Design: The device is compact and easy to operate, requiring minimal manpower and space compared to traditional large-scale setups used for forming SDCM piles.
[0054] Precise Stiffener Placement: The guide-way ensures the accurate placement of the stiffener within the cemented soil column, replicating field conditions and ensuring consistent results in laboratory testing.
[0055] Efficient Compaction: The device's compaction mechanism efficiently replicates field conditions through static compaction of both untreated and cemented soils.
[0056] Cost-Effective: The compact design and ease of operation reduce the cost and resource requirements typically associated with large-scale SDCM pile research.
[0057] The invention facilitates a better understanding of the behavior and mechanical properties of SDCM piles, making it a valuable tool for research in geotechnical engineering and soil stabilization.
[0058] Figure 1 illustrates a three-dimensional perspective view of the laboratory device configured with the ring-type compactor, which is utilized for compacting untreated soil in the outer compartment of the PVC mould during the formation of a Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) pile.
[0059] The device comprises the following components:
[0060] Base Plate (1): The base plate serves as the foundational support structure of the device. It is designed to provide stability during the compaction process and ensures that the mould and other components remain securely in place throughout the operation.
[0061] Hinge (2): A hinge mechanism is positioned on the device, allowing for movement and operation of the handle during the compaction process. This hinge provides the necessary mechanical leverage for the operator to apply the required force to the compactor handle.
[0062] Handle (3): The handle is attached to the hinge mechanism and is manually operated by the user. By pulling the handle outwardly, the operator applies force, facilitating the removal of assembly after the formation of SDCM pile.
[0063] PVC Mould (4): The PVC mould has an inner diameter of 300 mm and serves as the container in which the untreated soil and cemented soil are compacted to form the SDCM pile. The mould is divided into two compartments, with the outer compartment reserved for untreated soil and the inner compartment designated for cemented soil.
[0064] Ring-Type Compactor (5): The ring-type compactor is positioned above the outer compartment of the PVC mould. It is designed to compact the untreated soil by applying static pressure. This compactor features a ring structure that ensures uniform compaction of the soil, which is essential for accurately simulating field conditions.
[0065] Hollow Cylinder (6): The hollow cylinder, having an inner diameter of 40 mm, is inserted into the mould to separate the untreated soil from the inner compartment where the cemented soil will later be compacted. This cylinder is crucial for maintaining the distinction between the two types of soil during the formation of the SDCM pile.
[0066] Bearing Plate (7): The bearing plate is connected to the compaction mechanism and provides structural support during the operation. It ensures that the ring-type compactor and other components remain aligned and stable while pressure is applied to the soil within the mould.
[0067] Compactor Handle (8): The compactor handle is manually operated by the user to apply downward force to the compactor. This handle enables the user to control the amount of pressure exerted on the untreated soil during the compaction process.
[0068] In operation, the device replicates field conditions by compacting untreated soil within the PVC mould using static compaction. The compactor handle (8) is manually engaged to apply pressure via the bearing plate (7) and ring-type compactor (5). This action compresses the untreated soil in the outer compartment of the mould. The base plate (1) ensures the stability of the device throughout this process, while the hollow cylinder (6) maintains the separation between the untreated and cemented soil zones.
[0069] The device as shown in Figure 1 facilitates the initial phase of the SDCM pile formation by compacting the untreated soil, providing a foundational layer for the subsequent insertion of cemented soil and the central stiffener. This step is integral to the overall formation of the SDCM pile, as it replicates the initial field conditions required for soil stabilization and reinforcement testing in a controlled laboratory setting.
[0070] Figure 2 illustrates a three-dimensional perspective view of the laboratory device configured with a solid circular compactor. This configuration is used for compacting the cemented soil in the inner compartment of the PVC mould during the formation of a Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) pile.
[0071] The device comprises the following components:
[0072] Nut-Bolt Assembly (9): The nut-bolt assembly securely fastens the base plate to the main structure of the device. This ensures the overall stability and rigidity of the apparatus during the compaction of the cemented soil. The nut-bolt connection is critical for preventing any shifting or misalignment during operation.
[0073] Main Plate (10): The main plate serves as the platform upon which the PVC mould and other critical components are mounted. It supports the mould during the compaction process and maintains the alignment of the entire setup, ensuring consistent pressure application on the cemented soil.
[0074] Compacted Outer Soil (11): The outer compartment of the PVC mould contains untreated soil, which has been compacted in the earlier phase (as depicted in Figure 1) using the ring-type compactor. The compacted outer soil provides a stable boundary for the inner compartment, which will be filled with cemented soil.
[0075] Solid Circular Compactor (12): The solid circular compactor is designed with an outer diameter of 39 mm and is used to compact the cemented soil within the inner compartment of the PVC mould. This component applies uniform pressure to the cemented soil, ensuring even compaction and replicating field conditions for the formation of the SDCM pile. The circular design of the compactor allows for efficient pressure distribution across the entire surface of the cemented soil.
[0076] Collar (13): The collar is positioned to maintain the vertical alignment of the solid circular compactor and the other components during the compaction process. This alignment is essential for ensuring that the pressure applied to the cemented soil is uniform and that the final SDCM pile is structurally consistent.
[0077] Operation: In this phase, after the outer untreated soil has been compacted (as shown in Figure 1), the ring-type compactor is removed, and the solid circular compactor (12) is installed. Cemented soil is placed in the inner compartment of the PVC mould (4), and the compaction process begins.
[0078] The operator uses the handle (not shown in this figure) to apply downward force on the solid circular compactor (12) via the bearing plate. The nut-bolt assembly (9) ensures that the main plate (10) and other components remain securely in place during this process, preventing any movement that could affect the compaction quality. The compacted outer soil (11) provides lateral support for the cemented soil being compacted in the inner compartment.
[0079] The collar (13) ensures that the solid circular compactor (12) remains aligned during the compaction process, allowing for even distribution of force. This ensures that the cemented soil is compacted uniformly, which is essential for creating an SDCM pile that accurately replicates field conditions in a controlled laboratory environment.
[0080] The device, as shown in Figure 2, facilitates the second phase of the SDCM pile formation process by compacting the cemented soil. This step is critical for the structural integrity of the SDCM pile, as it ensures that the cemented soil is properly compacted before the insertion of the central stiffener in the subsequent phase.
[0081] Figure 3 illustrates a three-dimensional perspective view of the laboratory device configured with the guide-way mechanism for the insertion of the central stiffener. This configuration represents the final phase in the formation of a Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) pile, where the stiffener is precisely inserted into the compacted cemented soil column.
[0082] The device comprises the following components:
[0083] Central Stiffener (14): The central stiffener is a crucial component that is inserted into the center of the compacted cemented soil column to provide structural reinforcement to the SDCM pile. The stiffener is designed to replicate the reinforcement materials used in real-world geotechnical applications, ensuring that the SDCM pile behaves similarly to those used in field conditions.
[0084] Guide-way (15): The guide-way mechanism is a critical feature that ensures the precise vertical alignment of the central stiffener during its insertion into the cemented soil column. The guide-way maintains the stiffener's central position, preventing any misalignment that could affect the mechanical properties and behavior of the SDCM pile during testing.
[0085] Operation: After the cemented soil has been compacted using the solid circular compactor (as shown in Figure 2), the solid circular compactor is removed, and the device is reconfigured for the insertion of the central stiffener (14). The guide-way (15) is attached to the device to ensure proper alignment of the stiffener during the insertion process.
[0086] The operator inserts the stiffener (14) through the guide-way (15) and into the center of the compacted cemented soil column. The guide-way ensures that the stiffener is inserted in a perfectly vertical orientation, thereby replicating field installation conditions where such stiffeners are used to reinforce the cemented soil. This precise alignment is critical for ensuring that the mechanical behavior of the SDCM pile during testing accurately reflects real-world conditions.
[0087] The guide-way (15) is designed to hold the stiffener in place during the entire insertion process, preventing any lateral movement or misalignment that could affect the structural integrity of the SDCM pile. Once the stiffener is fully inserted, the SDCM pile is complete and ready for curing or further testing as required by the research protocols.
[0088] The device, as shown in Figure 3, allows for the accurate and consistent placement of the central stiffener within the cemented soil column. This process is essential for ensuring the structural integrity and mechanical performance of the SDCM pile in laboratory conditions, allowing researchers to simulate real-world conditions and analyze the behavior of reinforced cemented soil structures.
[0089] The present invention is a laboratory device designed to replicate the field conditions for the formation of Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles in a controlled environment. The device facilitates the compaction of untreated and cemented soil, as well as the precise insertion of a central stiffener, all of which are crucial for accurately simulating real-world geotechnical applications. The working of the invention involves multiple stages, each of which is described below.
[0090] 1. Preparation Stage: In the initial stage, the device is prepared for the compaction of untreated soil. The Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) mould, with an inner diameter of 300 mm, is securely mounted on the base plate of the device using a nut-bolt assembly. The mould is divided into two compartments: an outer compartment for untreated soil and an inner compartment for cemented soil, separated by a hollow cylinder with an inner diameter of 40 mm.
[0091] 2. Compaction of Untreated Soil: Once the device is set up, the outer compartment of the PVC mould is filled with untreated soil. The ring-type compactor is attached to the bearing plate, and the operator engages the compactor handle. The handle applies static pressure to the ring-type compactor, which compresses the untreated soil within the outer compartment.
[0092] The operator ensures that adequate compaction is achieved by applying uniform force throughout the compaction process. The ring-type compactor's design allows for even pressure distribution, ensuring that the untreated soil is compacted to a density similar to field conditions.
[0093] This stage establishes the foundational support structure in the mould, mimicking the natural soil conditions typically found in the field during the formation of SDCM piles.
[0094] 3. Compaction of Cemented Soil: After the untreated soil is compacted, the ring-type compactor and hollow cylinder are removed, and the solid circular compactor is installed. The inner compartment of the PVC mould is then filled with a mixture of soil and cement (cemented soil), which forms the core of the SDCM pile.
[0095] The operator, once again, engages the handle to apply downward pressure to the solid circular compactor. This action compresses the cemented soil in the inner compartment. The solid circular compactor ensures uniform compaction of the cemented soil, replicating the formation of cement columns in field conditions.
[0096] The compaction of cemented soil is crucial for the structural integrity of the SDCM pile, as it provides the necessary stiffness and stability for the entire structure. The process ensures that the soil-cement mixture is compacted to the appropriate density, providing a realistic simulation of how the SDCM pile would behave under real-world conditions.
[0097] 4. Insertion of Central Stiffener: Following the compaction of the cemented soil, the solid circular compactor is removed, and the guide-way mechanism is attached to the device. The guide-way is designed to ensure precise vertical alignment for the insertion of the central stiffener into the cemented soil column.
[0098] The central stiffener is inserted through the guide-way and into the compacted cemented soil. The guide-way prevents any misalignment during the insertion process, ensuring that the stiffener is positioned exactly in the center of the cemented column. This accurate positioning is critical for the mechanical performance of the SDCM pile, as it replicates the use of stiffeners in field conditions to reinforce the cemented soil.
[0099] The stiffener enhances the load-bearing capacity of the SDCM pile, making it suitable for geotechnical applications such as foundation support and soil stabilization. The guide-way ensures that the stiffener remains fixed in its intended position during testing and analysis.
[0100] 5. Final Stage - Curing and Testing: Once the central stiffener is inserted, the PVC mould containing the newly formed SDCM pile is covered with an airtight wrapper to facilitate the curing process. During curing, the cemented soil hardens and bonds with the stiffener, simulating the conditions of a field-installed SDCM pile.
[0101] After curing, the SDCM pile is ready for laboratory testing. The invention enables researchers to conduct various tests, such as triaxial compression testing, to evaluate the mechanical behavior, load-bearing capacity, and structural integrity of the SDCM pile under different load conditions.
[0102] Advantages of the Invention in Working:
[0103] Efficiency: The compact design of the device allows for the efficient formation of SDCM piles in a laboratory setting without the need for large-scale equipment or significant manpower.
[0104] Precision: The guide-way mechanism ensures the accurate alignment and insertion of the central stiffener, replicating field conditions with a high degree of precision.
[0105] Uniform Compaction: Both the ring-type and solid circular compactors ensure that the untreated and cemented soils are compacted uniformly, which is critical for replicating the real-world performance of SDCM piles.
[0106] Cost-Effectiveness: The ability to simulate field conditions in a laboratory using a compact device reduces the cost and resource requirements for conducting geotechnical research on SDCM piles.
[0107] The described invention offers a comprehensive solution for the laboratory formation of SDCM piles, enabling researchers to study and evaluate the mechanical behavior of these structures under controlled conditions. The device's compact design, efficient compaction mechanisms, and precise stiffener insertion make it a valuable tool for geotechnical research. By replicating field conditions, the invention facilitates the development of improved soil stabilization techniques and enhances the understanding of SDCM pile performance in real-world applications.
[0108] The present invention, a laboratory device for the formation of Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles, offers a wide range of applications across various fields of geotechnical engineering, soil stabilization, and construction research. These applications include but are not limited to the following:
[0109] 1. Geotechnical Research and Soil Stabilization Studies: The device is designed for the formation and testing of SDCM piles under laboratory conditions, allowing researchers to simulate real-world geotechnical scenarios. It enables the study of soil stabilization techniques involving deep cement mixing, which are widely used in foundation construction, soil reinforcement, and slope stabilization. The invention provides an efficient means for testing the mechanical properties of soil-cement mixtures and reinforced piles under various load conditions.
[0110] 2. Foundation Engineering: SDCM piles are commonly used in the construction of deep foundations to enhance load-bearing capacity, particularly in weak or unstable soils. The present invention enables researchers and engineers to simulate the formation of SDCM piles in a controlled environment, making it possible to evaluate the suitability of such piles for various foundation types, including buildings, bridges, and other heavy infrastructure. The device is particularly useful for optimizing pile design and assessing the interaction between the stiffener and the surrounding soil.
[0111] 3. Pile Load Testing and Analysis: The invention allows for the creation of precise SDCM pile samples that can be subjected to laboratory testing, such as triaxial compression tests and load-bearing tests. These tests help determine the pile's behavior under different stress conditions, including axial, lateral, and shear loads. This data is crucial for validating the use of SDCM piles in field applications and ensuring their structural integrity in challenging soil conditions.
[0112] 4. Improvement of Deep Mixing Technology: The invention facilitates research into the improvement of deep cement mixing technology. By enabling researchers to form and test SDCM piles in a laboratory, the device helps in refining techniques for mixing soil with cement and other stabilizing agents. This research can lead to the development of more efficient and cost-effective soil stabilization methods, which are essential for projects in areas with weak, compressible, or liquefiable soils.
[0113] 5. Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Reinforcement: In addition to new construction, the present invention can be applied to the study of methods for rehabilitating and reinforcing existing infrastructure. SDCM piles are often used in the retrofitting of structures that require additional foundation support due to settlement or soil degradation. The device enables the evaluation of different reinforcement strategies, including the use of stiffeners, to enhance the structural performance of aged or damaged foundations.
[0114] 6. Coastal and Marine Construction: SDCM piles are particularly effective in areas with soft or marine soils, where traditional foundations may be inadequate. The present invention allows for laboratory testing of SDCM piles specifically designed for coastal and offshore construction projects, such as seawalls, piers, and oil platforms. The device can be used to simulate the conditions of marine environments and assess the durability and stability of SDCM piles in such challenging conditions.
[0115] 7. Educational and Training Purposes: The invention can serve as a valuable tool in academic institutions for teaching geotechnical engineering principles related to soil stabilization and foundation design. The device can be used in laboratory courses to demonstrate the formation and testing of SDCM piles, providing students with hands-on experience in the use of deep mixing technology and soil compaction techniques.
[0116] 8. Development of Advanced Soil-Cement Composites: The invention facilitates the study of advanced materials used in soil stabilization, such as soil-cement composites reinforced with fibers, polymers, or other additives. The device allows researchers to evaluate the performance of these composite materials in SDCM piles, helping to develop new stabilization techniques that offer improved strength, durability, and environmental sustainability.
[0117] 9. Preliminary Testing for Field Projects: Before implementing SDCM piles in large-scale field projects, engineers can use the present invention to conduct preliminary tests under controlled laboratory conditions. This reduces the risks associated with field deployment by ensuring that the pile design, cement composition, and stiffener placement have been optimized for the specific project conditions. The invention allows for the adjustment and fine-tuning of these variables before large-scale implementation.
[0118] 10. Environmental Remediation: In addition to construction applications, SDCM piles can be used in environmental remediation projects to stabilize contaminated or hazardous soils. The invention provides a means of testing the effectiveness of various soil-cement mixtures in immobilizing contaminants and preventing their migration. By simulating field conditions in a laboratory setting, researchers can evaluate the potential of SDCM piles for use in environmental protection and cleanup efforts.
, C , Claims:We Claim:
1. A laboratory device for forming Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles, comprising:
• a base plate (1) providing foundational support for the device;
• a PVC mould (4) mounted on the base plate, having an inner diameter of 300 mm, divided into an outer compartment for untreated soil and an inner compartment for cemented soil;
• a ring-type compactor (5) attached to a compactor handle (8) for compacting untreated soil in the outer compartment of the mould, as illustrated in Figure 1.
2. The laboratory device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ring-type compactor (5) is connected to a bearing plate (7) that applies static pressure to the untreated soil when the compactor handle (8) is manually operated, as shown in Figure 1.
3. The laboratory device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a solid circular compactor (12) with an outer diameter of 39 mm, designed to compact cemented soil in the inner compartment of the PVC mould after the untreated soil has been compacted, as illustrated in Figure 2.
4. The laboratory device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the solid circular compactor (12) is removably attached to the bearing plate (7) and aligned by a collar (13) to ensure uniform pressure distribution on the cemented soil during compaction, as shown in Figure 2.
5. The laboratory device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a hollow cylinder (6) placed in the PVC mould to separate the untreated soil in the outer compartment from the cemented soil in the inner compartment, as depicted in Figure 1.
6. The laboratory device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the hollow cylinder (6) is removable after the compaction of untreated soil, allowing for the filling and subsequent compaction of cemented soil in the inner compartment, as shown in Figure 2.
7. The laboratory device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a guide-way (15) for ensuring the precise insertion of a central stiffener (14) into the compacted cemented soil column, as illustrated in Figure 3.
8. The laboratory device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the guide-way (15) aligns the central stiffener (14) vertically during the insertion process, preventing misalignment and ensuring that the stiffener is positioned centrally within the compacted cemented soil, as shown in Figure 3.
9. A method for forming Stiffened Deep Cement Mixing (SDCM) piles using the laboratory device as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
• filling the outer compartment of the PVC mould with untreated soil;
• compacting the untreated soil using the ring-type compactor (5), as depicted in Figure 1;
• removing the ring-type compactor (5) and filling the inner compartment of the PVC mould with cemented soil;
• compacting the cemented soil using the solid circular compactor (12), as illustrated in Figure 2.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising:
• inserting a central stiffener (14) into the compacted cemented soil through the guide-way (15) to reinforce the SDCM pile, as shown in Figure 3;
• ensuring that the stiffener remains aligned in the central vertical position to provide structural reinforcement, as depicted in Figure 3.

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