BIO-DEGRADABLE PEST CONTROL NANOPARTICLES

Abstract

ABSTRACT The invention relates to biodegradable pest control nanoparticles designed to provide an environmentally friendly and effective solution for agricultural pest management. These nanoparticles, composed of biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) or chitosan, encapsulate active pest control agents, including synthetic pesticides and biopesticides, ensuring targeted delivery to pests. The controlled release mechanism activates upon environmental triggers, maximizing efficacy while minimizing harm to non-target species. After serving their purpose, the nanoparticles degrade into non-toxic by-products, significantly reducing long-term environmental pollution and pest resistance development. This innovative approach addresses the critical challenges of conventional pesticides, promoting sustainable agricultural practices while enhancing crop protection and yield. Dated this …….Day of October, 2024 Dr. Monica Gulati Registrar Lovely Professional University

Specification

Description:The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner it
is to be performed.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The technical field of the invention encompasses agricultural biotechnology and nanotechnology, focusing on the development of biodegradable nanoparticles for pest control. These nanoparticles are designed to deliver bioactive agents, such as pesticides or biopesticides, directly to target pests while minimizing environmental impact and harm to non-target organisms. The technology aims to enhance the efficacy of pest management by improving the precision of active ingredient delivery and facilitating controlled release mechanisms. Additionally, the biodegradable nature of the materials ensures that they decompose into non-toxic by-products after use, addressing concerns related to pollution and ecological safety in agricultural practices.
BACKGROUND
[002] The increasing use of conventional pesticides in agriculture has led to significant environmental concerns, including soil and water contamination, harm to non-target species, and the development of pest resistance. Traditional methods often result in residual chemical buildup, which can negatively affect ecosystems and human health. The need for safer, more sustainable pest management solutions has prompted research into alternatives that leverage advancements in materials science and biotechnology, particularly through the use of nanoparticles for targeted delivery of bioactive agents.
[003] US10058093B2 outlines a nanoparticle composition that incorporates coronatine to facilitate the targeted delivery of various bioactive agents through plant stomata. This innovative approach allows for the application of a wide range of active ingredients, including insecticides and herbicides, in a more efficient manner. However, research gaps remain in understanding the mechanisms of nanoparticle uptake and the long-term effects on plant physiology and environmental impact, necessitating further exploration in this area.
[004] US9545423B2, describes a chitosan-tannin composite that can be utilized for drug delivery and antimicrobial applications. This composite material combines the natural biopolymer chitosan with tannins, enhancing its functional properties. While this invention presents a promising avenue for various applications, the detailed mechanisms of interaction and scalability of production remain under-researched, highlighting the need for comprehensive studies on the behavior and efficacy of such composites in agricultural settings.
[005] The concept of utilizing nanoparticles in pest control is based on their unique physical and chemical properties, which allow for improved solubility, stability, and targeted action compared to traditional pesticide formulations. Nanoparticles can be engineered to interact specifically with pests at a molecular level, enhancing the effectiveness of pest management strategies. However, challenges persist in optimizing nanoparticle formulations, including size, surface characteristics, and controlled release mechanisms, to ensure maximum efficacy while minimizing environmental risks.
[006] One major concern with conventional pesticides is their persistence in the environment, leading to potential bioaccumulation and toxicity in non-target organisms. Biodegradable nanoparticles offer a solution by breaking down into non-toxic by-products after use, thereby reducing the long-term ecological footprint. This aligns with growing demands for sustainable agricultural practices that prioritize environmental safety and biodiversity, making biodegradable pest control nanoparticles an appealing alternative to traditional methods.
[007] In addition to reducing environmental impact, the targeted delivery of active ingredients via nanoparticles can significantly decrease the amount of pesticide required for effective pest control. By enhancing the precision of application, farmers can achieve better results while using fewer chemicals, ultimately contributing to lower costs and reduced pesticide resistance among pest populations. This innovative approach has the potential to transform pest management practices, promoting both economic and ecological sustainability.
[008] Regulatory challenges and public perception play crucial roles in the adoption of nanoparticle-based pest control solutions. As these technologies emerge, comprehensive safety assessments and regulatory approvals will be essential to ensure that they are safe for both humans and the environment. Additionally, addressing consumer concerns and fostering trust in these innovative solutions will be vital for widespread acceptance and integration into modern agricultural practices.
[009] The integration of biodegradable nanoparticles into existing pest management frameworks represents a significant advancement in agriculture. By combining nanotechnology with sustainable practices, this approach can enhance pest control while promoting the health of ecosystems. Continued research and development are needed to address existing gaps in knowledge, optimize formulations, and assess the long-term impacts of these technologies on agricultural sustainability and environmental safety.
SUMMARY
[010] The invention focuses on nanoparticle compositions designed for the targeted delivery of bioactive agents to plants, utilizing coronatine-coated nanoparticles that facilitate entry through plant stomata. This method enables the efficient application of a variety of active ingredients, such as bactericides, fungicides, and herbicides, directly into plant tissues. By enhancing the absorption of these agents, the technology aims to improve their efficacy while minimizing the amount needed for effective pest and disease control.
[011] A significant aspect of the invention is its potential to address the growing problem of pesticide resistance among pests. Traditional pest management strategies often rely on increasing chemical applications, leading to higher resistance levels. By employing nanoparticles for targeted delivery, the invention seeks to enhance the effectiveness of bioactive agents, reducing the likelihood of resistance development while also lowering overall pesticide usage, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
[012] The nanoparticle formulations are engineered to optimize key properties such as size, surface characteristics, and stability in various environmental conditions. These factors are critical for ensuring efficient stomatal penetration and controlled release of the bioactive agents within the plant. The invention emphasizes the importance of tailoring these formulations to specific crops and environmental conditions to achieve optimal results in real-world agricultural settings.
[013] Environmental safety is a core consideration of the invention, as the nanoparticle compositions are designed to be biodegradable. This feature is crucial for minimizing potential ecological impacts associated with traditional pesticides, which can persist in the environment and affect non-target species. By breaking down into non-toxic by-products, these nanoparticles aim to contribute to a healthier ecosystem while providing effective pest management solutions.
[014] The invention also highlights the need for further research into the mechanisms of nanoparticle uptake and the long-term effects on plant health and the environment. Understanding how these nanoparticles interact with different plant species and how they influence physiological processes will be essential for optimizing their use. Additionally, addressing regulatory considerations and public acceptance will be vital for the successful implementation and widespread adoption of this innovative technology in agricultural practices.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[015] The foregoing detailed description of embodiments is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating of the present subject matter, an example of the construction of the present subject matter is provided as figures; however, the invention is not limited to the specific method disclosed in the document and the figures.
[016] The present subject matter is described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to various features of the present subject matter.
[017] Figure 1provides the working prototype of the invention
[018] The given figures depict an embodiment of the present disclosure for illustration and better understanding only.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[019] Some of the embodiments of this disclosure, illustrating all its features, will now be discussed in detail. The words "comprising," "having," "containing," and "including," and other forms thereof, are intended to be equivalent in meaning and be open-ended in that an item or items following any one of these words is not meant to be an exhaustive listing of such item or items or meant to be limited to only the listed item or items. It must also be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[020] The invention introduces biodegradable nanoparticles designed for targeted delivery of bioactive agents in agricultural applications. These nanoparticles are engineered to penetrate plant stomata, allowing efficient uptake of active ingredients such as insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. By employing nanotechnology, the invention addresses key challenges in traditional pesticide application methods, such as environmental contamination and non-target species harm.
[021] The core of the nanoparticle is typically made from biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid (PLA) or chitosan, chosen for their biocompatibility and ability to degrade into harmless by-products. This design ensures that once the nanoparticles have delivered their payload, they break down naturally, minimizing long-term ecological impacts and reducing the risk of soil and water contamination.
[022] In one embodiment it is provided that, the methodology involves synthesizing nanoparticles through techniques such as solvent evaporation, coacervation, or electrospinning. The active pest control agents are encapsulated within these nanoparticles, allowing for controlled release once they are internalized by the plant. The encapsulation process is optimized to enhance the stability and effectiveness of the bioactive agents, ensuring that they remain potent until delivery.
[023] A critical feature of the nanoparticles is their controlled release mechanism. This can be achieved through environmental triggers such as pH sensitivity, temperature changes, or moisture levels. For instance, a pH-sensitive coating may ensure that the bioactive agents are released only after ingestion by the pest or when exposed to specific conditions within the plant, enhancing efficacy while minimizing waste.
[024] In one embodiment it is provided, that the effectiveness of the nanoparticles in delivering bioactive agents has been validated through a series of laboratory and field trials. Results indicate that the targeted approach significantly improves the uptake of active ingredients compared to traditional methods. Field tests demonstrated a notable reduction in pest populations and enhanced crop health, showcasing the potential for this technology to revolutionize pest management.
[025] In addition to improving efficacy, the invention also emphasizes the reduction of chemical usage. By enabling precise delivery of smaller quantities of pesticides, the nanoparticles contribute to decreased environmental pollution and lower the risk of pesticide resistance development among target pests. This sustainable approach aligns with the growing demand for eco-friendly agricultural practices.
[026] The biodegradability of the nanoparticles offers substantial environmental advantages. As they break down into non-toxic components, there is a significantly reduced risk of residual chemicals affecting soil health, water quality, or non-target organisms. This feature is particularly important in promoting biodiversity and maintaining healthy ecosystems, which are essential for sustainable agriculture.
[027] The nanoparticles are adaptable for various agricultural settings and can be tailored to target specific pests or pathogens, enhancing their versatility. This customization allows for the development of formulations that address diverse challenges faced by farmers in different climates and soil types, making the technology applicable on a global scale.
[028] A crucial area of ongoing research involves understanding the mechanisms by which nanoparticles interact with plant tissues and how they influence physiological processes such as photosynthesis and nutrient uptake. These insights will be vital for optimizing nanoparticle design and ensuring that they contribute positively to plant health.
[029] In one embodiment it is provided, that Discussions surrounding regulatory approval and safety considerations are essential for the widespread adoption of this technology. Establishing clear guidelines for testing and evaluation will be necessary to ensure that these nanoparticles meet safety standards for both human consumption and environmental impact.
[030] The economic implications of adopting nanoparticle technology in pest management are promising. While initial development and production costs may be higher, the long-term benefits of reduced chemical use, lower environmental remediation costs, and increased crop yields suggest a favorable cost-benefit ratio for farmers. This potential for increased profitability could drive adoption across the agricultural sector.
[031] The invention of biodegradable pest control nanoparticles represents a significant advancement in pest management strategies. By addressing key challenges associated with traditional pesticides, such as environmental impact and pest resistance, this innovative approach not only promotes sustainable agricultural practices but also offers a pathway toward more effective and eco-friendly pest control solutions.
[032] Referring to Figure 1, image depicts a cross-sectional view of a plant leaf, illustrating the interaction between nanoparticle formulations and plant tissues. Visible are the stomatal openings, which serve as entry points for the nanoparticles designed for targeted delivery of bioactive agents. The nanoparticle compositions, highlighted in various colors, demonstrate their encapsulation of active ingredients like fungicides and insecticides. The image shows the nanoparticles entering the leaf through the stomata, facilitating the release of the bioactive agents directly into the plant cells. Additionally, there are annotations indicating the mechanisms of uptake and transport within the plant, emphasizing the efficiency and potential benefits of this delivery method in enhancing plant health and pest management. Surrounding the leaf are visual cues that suggest environmental factors, such as humidity and temperature, that can influence the effectiveness of nanoparticle application. The overall composition conveys the innovative approach of utilizing nanotechnology for sustainable agricultural practices.
Dated this …….Day of October, 2024
Dr. Monica Gulati
Registrar
Lovely Professional University
, Claims:We claim:

1. A biodegradable nanoparticle composition for targeted pest control in plants, comprising:
A. a nanoparticle core made from biodegradable polymers selected from the group consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and chitosan;
B. an active pest control agent encapsulated within said nanoparticle core, wherein the active pest control agent is selected from the group consisting of synthetic pesticides, biopesticides, and RNA interference (RNAi) agents;
C. a controlled release mechanism responsive to environmental triggers, ensuring the release of the active pest control agent upon ingestion by the target pest.
2. The biodegradable nanoparticle composition of claim 1, wherein the nanoparticle core further comprises additives to enhance the stability and efficacy of the active pest control agent, improving its performance under varying environmental conditions.
3. The biodegradable nanoparticle composition of claim 1, wherein the synthetic pesticides are selected from the group consisting of neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and organophosphates, offering a wide range of pest control effectiveness against various agricultural pests.
4. The biodegradable nanoparticle composition of claim 1, wherein the biopesticides include natural products such as neem oil, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and essential oils, providing an environmentally friendly alternative with reduced toxicity to non-target species.
5. The biodegradable nanoparticle composition of claim 1, wherein the controlled release mechanism is pH-sensitive, ensuring the release of the active pest control agent in the pest's gut, thereby maximizing the bioavailability and effectiveness of the agent.
6. The biodegradable nanoparticle composition of claim 1, wherein the degradation timeline of the nanoparticles is designed to match the lifecycle of the target pest, ensuring that the nanoparticles are effective throughout the pest's critical growth stages.
7. The biodegradable nanoparticle composition of claim 1, wherein the encapsulation efficiency of the active pest control agent is optimized to achieve a minimal effective dose while maximizing pest control efficacy, thus minimizing the environmental impact.
8. The biodegradable nanoparticle composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is applied as a foliar spray, allowing for uniform distribution across the plant surface, thereby enhancing the likelihood of contact with the target pest.

Dated this …….Day of October, 2024

Dr. Monica Gulati
Registrar
Lovely Professional University

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