ANTENNA DESIGN FOR 5G MM WAVE FREQUENCIES (24 GHZ AND ABOVE)

Abstract

ANTENNA DESIGN FOR 5G MM WAVE FREQUENCIES (24 GHZ AND ABOVE) ABSTRACT Designing antennas for 5G millimeter-wave (mm Wave) frequencies, particularly at 24 GHz and above, presents unique challenges and opportunities. Mm Wave frequencies offer wide bandwidths, allowing higher data rates. This is crucial for the high-speed, low-latency communication that 5G promises. By using mmWave, 5G can alleviate congestion in lower frequency bands (sub-6 GHz), which are heavily used by current wireless technologies

Specification

FORM - 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 OF 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(see Section 10 & rule 13)

l. TITLE OF THE INVENTION : ANTENNA DESIGN FOR 5G MM WAVE
FREQUENCIES (24 GHZ AND ABOVE)
2. APPLICANT:
S.No NAME NATIONALITY ADDRESS
1 Saveetha institute of Medical and
Technical Sciences
INDIAN Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam,
Chennai-602 105,Tamil Nadu,
India
20-Nov-2024/138526/202441089933/Form 2(Title Page)
-3.-PREAMBLE-TO-T-HE-DESGRIP-T-ION:------------------------------------------------- ----------------
The following specification describes the invention and how it is to be performed.
.4.COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is tobe
performed. .........................Separate sheet is attached........................................
5. DESCRIPTION
Separate sheet is attached______
6. CLAIMS
Separate sheet is attached______
DATE:
SIGNATURE:
NAME
1. ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
Separate sheet is attached--

Dr. B.RAMESH
PRINCIPAL
SIMATS ENGINEERING
SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND
TECHNIAL SCIENCES

Note:-
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Bank : INDUSIND BANK
Branch : NUNGAMBAKKAM
( SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY )
DD No : 402561
DD Date: 14/11/2024
DD Amount: 8,900/-

ANTENNA DESIGN FOR 5G MM WAVE FREQUENCIES (24 GHZ AND ABOVE)
PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRPT1ON

THE FIELD OF INVENTION (OPTICAL COMMUNICATION)
The "Field of Invention" in the context of antennas refers to the specific area of technology or the technical domain to which a particular antenna design or innovation belongs. This section is typically included in patent applications or technical descriptions to outline the scope and relevance of the invention within the broader field of technology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Signal Attenuation: mm Wave signals suffer from higher free-space path loss compared to lower
frequencies. They are also more susceptible to blockage by physical objects like buildings, trees, and even the human body.

Antenna Size: ATthough'lfie wavelength af mm Wave frequencies is much smaller (e.g., 24 GHz
corresponds to a wavelength of about 12.5 mm), which allows for smaller antennas, maintaining
performance (gain, efficiency) in these compact designs is challenging.

Beamforming Requirements: To overcome the high path loss, antennas at mm Wave frequencies often
need to support beamforming, which involves steering the antenna beam electronically to focus the signal in a specific direction. This requires sophisticated phased array designs.

Thermal Management: At higher frequencies, power dissipation can be significant, requiring careful
thermal management in the antenna design to avoid performance degradation.

Beamforming: Phased arrays consist of multiple antenna elements, each capable of being
independently controlled to steer the beam. This is essential in 5G mmWave systems for directional
communication and compensating for high path loss.

Integration: These arrays can be integrated into both base stations and mobile devices, though the
complexity increases significantly in mobile environments due to size and power constraints.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In each of these fields, antenna design plays a critical role in ensuring efficient and reliable
communication, with specific challenges and innovations tailored to the application. The "Field of Invention" section helps to clearly define where the antenna innovation fits within these broad and diverse categories.

ANTENNA DESIGN FOR 5G MM WAVE FREQUENCIES (24 GHZ AND ABOVE)
Specifications
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
> Frequency Range
■ Typical Bands: 24 GHz to 100 GHz
■ Common 5G Bands:
■ 24.25-27.5 GHz (n258)
■ 26.5-29.5 GHz (n257)
■ 37 - 40 GHz (n260)
64 - 71 GHz (unlicensed band for future 5G applications)

Antenna Type

• Phased Array Antennas: Commonly used fur -beam funning- and directional -
communication.
• Planar Antennas: Microstrip patch antennas or printed dipoles, often used in arrays.
• Hom Antennas: Used in testing and measurement, or for specific applications like backhaul.
• Dielectric Lens Antennas: For high-gain, focused beams.

Gain
• Typical Range: 10 dBi to 30 dBi, depending on the application.
• High Gain Requirement: Essential for overcoming path loss at mmWave frequencies, especially in base stations or point-to-point links.

Typical Bandwidth:

• I GHz to 10 GHz, depending on the design and the specific 5G band.
• Wideband vs. Narrowband: Wider bandwidth is often desired to support multiple channels and higher data rates.

ANTENNA DESIGN FOR 5G MM WAVE FREQUENCIES (24 GHZ AND ABOVE)

DESCRIPTION
Designing antennas for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, specifically in the range of 24 GHz and above, involves addressing the unique challenges and requirements that arise due to the high frequencies involved. Below are detailed descriptions of the various aspects of such antenna designs: The frequency range of 24 GHz and above is chosen for 5G to access wider bandwidths, which are essential for achieving the high data rates and low latency that 5G promises. These frequencies fall within the millimeter-wave spectrum, which typically ranges from 24 GHz to 100 GHz. At these frequencies, antennas can be much smaller due to the shorter wavelength, but the design must account for higher signal attenuation and more pronounced effects
of obstacles. These are the most common type of antennas used in 5G mm Wave systems. A phased array consists of multiple antenna elements whose relative phases can be adjusted to steer the beam electronically without physically moving the antenna. This capability is crucial for overcoming the high path loss at mm Wave frequencies by focusing the signal in specific directions.

ANTENNA DESIGN FOR 5G MM WAVE FREQUENCIES (24 GHZ
AND ABOVE)

CLAIM
We Claim

1. A millimeter-wave antenna system comprising:
A phased array configuration operating at frequencies of 24 GHz and above, wherein the array is composed of [number] of individual antenna elements, each capable of independently controlling phase and amplitude to enable beamforming and beam steering across a specified angular range.

2. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the antenna elements are microstrip patch antennas
fabricated on a low-loss dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant between [value] and [value],
providing a wide bandwidth of [specified bandwidth] to support multiple 5G channels and carrier aggregation.

3. The antenna system of claim 1, further comprising a feed network that cnsuresimpcdah'ce matching across the operating bandwidth, achieving a return loss of less than [specified dB value] and a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of less than [value], optimized for minimal signal reflection and maximum power transfer.

4. The antenna system of claim 1, wherein the phased array configuration achieves a peak gain of
[specified dBi] and a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of [specified degrees] in both azimuth and elevation planes, allowing for highly directional signal transmission and reception.

5. The antenna system of claim 1, incorporating dual polarization capabilities, enabling simultaneous transmission and reception of multiple data streams via MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology, thereby enhancing data throughput and link reliability in 5G communication systems.

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