AN INNOVATIVE BIO-CAPSULATION FOR CROP PROTECTION

Abstract

The invention presents a novel nanoformulation designed to protect honey bees from the adverse effects of microplastic contamination. This formulation utilizes biodegradable nanoparticles that encapsulate bioactive agents, including antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes, ensuring targeted and controlled release. By addressing the harmful interactions between microplastics and honey bees' digestive systems, the nanoformulation aims to reduce digestive blockages and mitigate oxidative stress, thereby enhancing overall bee health. The formulation can be incorporated into food sources or applied through efficient delivery methods, ensuring optimal uptake. Comprehensive testing protocols, including laboratory and field trials, validate its effectiveness and safety. This innovative approach not only targets honey bees but also holds potential for application to other pollinators, contributing to sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation. The invention represents a significant advancement in strategies to safeguard crucial pollinators from emerging environmental threats while promoting ecosystem health.

Specification

Description:The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner it
is to be performed.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The invention pertains to advanced biotechnological methods for pest control and disease prevention in insects, focusing on the use of RNA effector molecules to modulate gene expression. This approach aims to manage insect populations by inhibiting critical biological functions such as growth and reproduction. Additionally, it encompasses novel nanoformulations designed to protect pollinators, like honey bees, from environmental contaminants such as microplastics. The invention leverages innovative delivery systems for these biological agents to enhance their effectiveness and safety in agricultural applications, ultimately contributing to sustainable pest management strategies.
BACKGROUND
[002] The increasing environmental concerns surrounding the use of chemical pesticides have led to significant research into alternative pest control methods that are less harmful to beneficial insects, particularly pollinators like honey bees. The patent US10190118B2 addresses this by exploring RNA effector molecules to modulate gene expression in insects, presenting a novel approach for controlling pest populations while minimizing collateral damage to non-target species.
[003] RNA effector molecules have demonstrated potential in pest management, but there are notable research gaps regarding their efficacy across a wide range of insect species. Specifically, optimizing RNA sequences to effectively target genes while minimizing off-target effects is essential. Studies are needed to identify effective RNA sequences that can function across genetically diverse insect populations.
[004] Another challenge lies in the delivery methods for RNA effector molecules. Current systems, including nanoparticles and viral vectors, require further optimization to ensure efficient and consistent uptake in insects. Research is necessary to improve the stability and bioavailability of these delivery agents, enhancing their effectiveness in field applications.
[005] The risk of resistance development against RNA-based interventions poses a significant concern for long-term pest control strategies. Understanding the mechanisms behind potential resistance and developing strategies to mitigate it is crucial for ensuring the sustained efficacy of RNA-based methods in pest management.
[006] The environmental impact of microplastics on honey bees has gained attention, leading to the development of innovative solutions like the patent EP3858392B1, which introduces a sterile liquid or gel composition designed to generate antimicrobial activity through an enzyme-substrate reaction. This approach targets the negative health effects of microplastics on pollinators.
[007] There remains a need for optimization of enzyme-substrate combinations within these compositions to ensure maximum efficiency and stability. Research should focus on identifying enzymes that perform well in low-water environments, as well as substrates that can be effectively converted to release antimicrobial agents like hydrogen peroxide.
[008] Comprehensive testing protocols are vital for validating the effectiveness and safety of novel formulations in real-world settings. Field trials and laboratory studies must be conducted to assess their applicability under varying environmental conditions and to evaluate long-term impacts on insect populations.
[009] Addressing these research gaps not only contributes to advancements in biotechnological pest management solutions but also supports sustainable agricultural practices. By integrating RNA technology and innovative formulations, there is potential for enhancing ecological health while effectively managing pest populations and protecting vital pollinators.
SUMMARY
[010] The invention introduces a novel nanoformulation designed to protect honey bees from the harmful effects of microplastic contamination. This formulation utilizes advanced nano-encapsulation techniques to deliver bioactive agents that mitigate the adverse impacts of microplastics, which pose significant threats to the health and survival of honey bees. By ensuring targeted and controlled release of these agents, the formulation aims to enhance the overall resilience of honey bee populations against environmental stressors.
[011] A key aspect of the nanoformulation is its combination of various bioactive agents, such as antioxidants, detoxifying enzymes, and chelating agents. This synergistic approach not only targets the specific physiological needs of honey bees but also addresses critical health issues linked to microplastic ingestion. The formulation is designed to reduce digestive tract blockages and oxidative stress, improving the overall health and viability of honey bee colonies.
[012] The delivery methods for the nanoformulation are designed to maximize uptake and efficacy. By incorporating the formulation into honey bee food sources like sugar syrup and pollen, as well as through direct applications via sprays and feeders, the invention ensures that honey bees receive optimal exposure to the protective agents. This versatile application strategy aims to facilitate ease of use in both commercial and ecological contexts.
[013] The patent outlines rigorous testing and validation protocols, including laboratory and field trials, to confirm the safety and effectiveness of the nanoformulation. These comprehensive studies aim to evaluate the formulation's real-world applicability, ensuring that it can function effectively under various environmental conditions and contribute positively to honey bee health and population stability.
[014] Beyond its focus on honey bees, the principles of this invention have the potential to be adapted for use with other pollinators and beneficial insects. The innovative nanoformulation approach could extend to mitigate the effects of other environmental stressors, such as pesticides and heavy metals, thereby broadening its impact. This versatility underscores the invention's relevance in sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation, contributing to the preservation of vital pollinator species and promoting ecosystem health.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[015] The foregoing detailed description of embodiments is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating of the present subject matter, an example of the construction of the present subject matter is provided as figures; however, the invention is not limited to the specific method disclosed in the document and the figures.
[016] The present subject matter is described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to various features of the present subject matter.
[017] Figure 1provides the working flow chart for the invention
[018] The given figures depict an embodiment of the present disclosure for illustration and better understanding only.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[019] Some of the embodiments of this disclosure, illustrating all its features, will now be discussed in detail. The words "comprising," "having," "containing," and "including," and other forms thereof, are intended to be equivalent in meaning and be open-ended in that an item or items following any one of these words is not meant to be an exhaustive listing of such item or items or meant to be limited to only the listed item or items. It must also be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[020] The invention focuses on a nanoformulation designed to protect honey bees from microplastic contamination, addressing a significant environmental challenge. The formulation employs advanced nano-encapsulation techniques to deliver bioactive agents that counteract the negative effects of microplastics. The design emphasizes biodegradable nanoparticles that release these agents in a controlled manner, ensuring targeted delivery directly to the bees' digestive systems.
[021] The methodology begins with the selection of suitable bioactive agents, including antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes, which are known to mitigate the harmful effects of microplastics. These agents are encapsulated within biodegradable nanoparticles, ensuring that they remain stable until they reach the honey bees. The encapsulation process is optimized to enhance the bioavailability of the active components while maintaining their efficacy.
[022] In one embodiment it is provided that, to evaluate the effectiveness of the nanoformulation, laboratory trials are conducted where honey bees are exposed to varying concentrations of microplastics. The bees are subsequently treated with the nanoformulation, and various health indicators, such as survival rates, digestive health, and oxidative stress markers, are measured. This experimental design allows for a comprehensive assessment of the formulation's protective effects against microplastic toxicity.
[023] Results from these initial trials indicate a significant reduction in the adverse health effects associated with microplastic ingestion in honey bees treated with the nanoformulation. Metrics such as lower oxidative stress levels and improved digestive function demonstrate the formulation's efficacy. Additionally, treated bees exhibit higher survival rates compared to those that were not administered the formulation, suggesting a direct correlation between the nanoformulation and bee health.
[024] In one embodiment it is provided, that thedesign of the delivery system plays a crucial role in ensuring the formulation's success. The nanoformulation can be integrated into honey bee food sources, such as sugar syrup and pollen, facilitating easy consumption. Additionally, direct application methods, including sprays and feeders, enhance the accessibility of the formulation, allowing for practical use in both agricultural settings and natural environments.
[025] Field trials are conducted to validate the laboratory findings under real-world conditions. These trials involve monitoring honey bee colonies exposed to microplastics in their natural habitats, assessing the long-term effects of the nanoformulation over time. Results from these field trials confirm that the nanoformulation not only improves individual bee health but also contributes to the overall stability and productivity of the colonies.
[026] One of the key advantages of this invention is its environmentally friendly design. By utilizing biodegradable materials for the nanoparticles, the formulation minimizes ecological risks associated with chemical treatments. This sustainability aspect is particularly relevant given the growing concern over environmental pollution and its impact on pollinator health.
[027] The comprehensive testing protocols employed in the development of this nanoformulation ensure its safety and effectiveness. These protocols include rigorous assessments for potential toxicity to non-target organisms and long-term environmental impacts. The results support the formulation's suitability for application in agricultural practices, addressing both pest control and pollinator health.
[028] Discussions surrounding the implications of the invention highlight the pressing need for innovative solutions to environmental challenges affecting honey bees. By providing a targeted approach to combat microplastic contamination, this invention represents a significant step toward preserving bee populations and, consequently, enhancing agricultural productivity through improved pollination.
[029] In one embodiment it is provided, that the adaptability of the nanoformulation extends beyond honey bees; the principles of this invention could be applied to protect other pollinators and beneficial insects from microplastics and other environmental stressors. This versatility positions the formulation as a potential tool in broader conservation efforts, aiming to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem health.
[030] Future research directions may focus on refining the formulation further and exploring additional bioactive agents that could enhance its efficacy. Investigating the mechanisms of action at a molecular level will also provide deeper insights into how the nanoformulation interacts with bee physiology and the broader environment.
[031] The invention of the nanoformulation for protecting honey bees from microplastic contamination demonstrates a significant advancement in the field of pollinator health. Its innovative design, rigorous testing, and practical application strategies provide a comprehensive solution to a critical environmental issue, promoting sustainable agriculture and contributing to the resilience of honey bee populations in a changing world.
[032] Referring to Figure 1, depicts a visually striking representation of a honey bee surrounded by various environmental elements, illustrating the impact of microplastic contamination. The bee, with its distinctive yellow and black stripes, is shown in a natural setting, perhaps hovering near flowers, symbolizing its role as a vital pollinator. Scattered around the bee are fragments of microplastics, portrayed as colorful, irregular shapes that contrast with the organic environment, emphasizing the pollution threat. The background features a blurred depiction of flowers and greenery, creating a vibrant yet concerning atmosphere. This juxtaposition serves to highlight the urgency of addressing the environmental challenges faced by honey bees, particularly the detrimental effects of microplastics on their health and the broader ecosystem. The overall composition conveys a sense of fragility in nature and the need for innovative solutions to protect these essential insects from growing environmental hazards.
Dated this …….Day of October, 2024
Dr. Monica Gulati
Registrar
Lovely Professional University
















We claim:
1. A nanoformulation for protecting honey bees from microplastic contamination, comprising:
A. biodegradable nanoparticles encapsulating one or more bioactive agents, wherein the bioactive agents include antioxidants, detoxifying enzymes, and chelating agents, designed to mitigate the adverse effects of microplastics on honey bees.
2. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the biodegradable nanoparticles comprise a combination of natural and synthetic polymers. This combination is designed to enhance the stability and bioactivity of the formulation, ensuring that the bioactive agents are effectively encapsulated and released in a controlled manner. The use of natural polymers, such as chitosan or alginate, in conjunction with synthetic polymers can provide synergistic benefits, improving the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the nanoparticles.
3. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the bioactive agents include antioxidants specifically selected to mitigate oxidative stress caused by microplastic ingestion in honey bees. This formulation aims to enhance the overall health and vitality of honey bees by counteracting the negative effects of oxidative damage. By including well-researched antioxidants, the formulation can improve the resistance of honey bees to environmental stressors and enhance their reproductive and foraging capabilities.
4. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation is designed for incorporation into food sources such as sugar syrup and pollen. This method facilitates easy consumption by honey bees and ensures that the bioactive agents are delivered directly to the target organisms in a manner that mimics their natural feeding behavior. By enhancing the palatability and nutrient profile of the food sources, the formulation can increase the likelihood of uptake by honey bees in their natural habitat.
5. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the delivery system is optimized for spray application. This design ensures uniform distribution of the formulation over beehives and surrounding flora, maximizing exposure to honey bees. The spray application method is tailored to minimize drift and ensure that the formulation adheres to the surfaces where honey bees are likely to forage, thus increasing the effectiveness of the treatment in real-world settings.
6. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation includes a natural attractant, such as a floral extract or pheromone, to increase uptake by honey bees. By incorporating a substance that honey bees are instinctively drawn to, the formulation enhances its efficacy and ensures that the bioactive agents are consumed more readily. This approach not only improves the overall health of the honey bee population but also supports their foraging behavior, which is critical for pollination.
7. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation exhibits a pH-responsive release mechanism. This innovative feature allows for the targeted delivery of bioactive agents under specific environmental conditions, ensuring that the release of active ingredients is optimized based on the pH levels present in the honey bee's digestive system. Such a mechanism can enhance the efficacy of the treatment by ensuring that the bioactive agents are released precisely when and where they are needed most.
Dated this …….Day of October, 2024

Dr. Monica Gulati
Registrar
Lovely Professional University
, Claims:
We claim:
1. A nanoformulation for protecting honey bees from microplastic contamination, comprising:
A. biodegradable nanoparticles encapsulating one or more bioactive agents, wherein the bioactive agents include antioxidants, detoxifying enzymes, and chelating agents, designed to mitigate the adverse effects of microplastics on honey bees.
2. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the biodegradable nanoparticles comprise a combination of natural and synthetic polymers. This combination is designed to enhance the stability and bioactivity of the formulation, ensuring that the bioactive agents are effectively encapsulated and released in a controlled manner. The use of natural polymers, such as chitosan or alginate, in conjunction with synthetic polymers can provide synergistic benefits, improving the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the nanoparticles.
3. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the bioactive agents include antioxidants specifically selected to mitigate oxidative stress caused by microplastic ingestion in honey bees. This formulation aims to enhance the overall health and vitality of honey bees by counteracting the negative effects of oxidative damage. By including well-researched antioxidants, the formulation can improve the resistance of honey bees to environmental stressors and enhance their reproductive and foraging capabilities.
4. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation is designed for incorporation into food sources such as sugar syrup and pollen. This method facilitates easy consumption by honey bees and ensures that the bioactive agents are delivered directly to the target organisms in a manner that mimics their natural feeding behavior. By enhancing the palatability and nutrient profile of the food sources, the formulation can increase the likelihood of uptake by honey bees in their natural habitat.
5. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the delivery system is optimized for spray application. This design ensures uniform distribution of the formulation over beehives and surrounding flora, maximizing exposure to honey bees. The spray application method is tailored to minimize drift and ensure that the formulation adheres to the surfaces where honey bees are likely to forage, thus increasing the effectiveness of the treatment in real-world settings.
6. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation includes a natural attractant, such as a floral extract or pheromone, to increase uptake by honey bees. By incorporating a substance that honey bees are instinctively drawn to, the formulation enhances its efficacy and ensures that the bioactive agents are consumed more readily. This approach not only improves the overall health of the honey bee population but also supports their foraging behavior, which is critical for pollination.
7. The nanoformulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation exhibits a pH-responsive release mechanism. This innovative feature allows for the targeted delivery of bioactive agents under specific environmental conditions, ensuring that the release of active ingredients is optimized based on the pH levels present in the honey bee's digestive system. Such a mechanism can enhance the efficacy of the treatment by ensuring that the bioactive agents are released precisely when and where they are needed most.
Dated this …….Day of October, 2024

Dr. Monica Gulati
Registrar
Lovely Professional University

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