A PROCESS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE OILS

Abstract

ABSTRACT A PROCESS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE OILS The present invention presents a method for classifying crude oil through the blending of varying proportions of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO), which modifies the characteristics of the crude oil. This alteration can be effectively evaluated using the Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC), Wax Content (WC), and Pour Point (PP). The systematic categorization of Crude oil into paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic types. The findings indicate that VGC is positively correlated with the aromaticity of Crude oil while showing an inverse relationship with its paraffinicity. Utilizing this functional relationship allows for the customization of processing and transportation methods according to the specific properties of the Crude oil.

Specification

Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to a process specifically designed for the classification of complex crude oil.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Crude oil is a heterogeneous amalgamation of hydrocarbons, the composition of which can exhibit significant variability. Among the multiple components, the paraffin and aromatic content plays a pivotal role in determining the flow behavior of crude oil, particularly at low temperatures. The pour point (PP) is a key parameter in this regard, representing the lowest temperature at which crude oil can flow. Essential to this parameter is the wax content (wc), as its presence directly affects the pour point, thereby influencing the ease of transportation and processing.

Paraffinic crude oils, characterized by their elevated wax content, typically present higher pour points compared to their aromatic counterparts. This wax accumulation can lead to solidification at lower temperatures, making the handling and transport of such oils challenging. Consequently, operators must consider the pour point as a crucial factor when developing strategies for the transportation and utilization of crude oil, particularly in colder climates.

To comprehend the flow characteristics of crude oil, the viscosity gravity constant (VGC) serves as a valuable metric. The viscosity gravity constant (VGC) provides insights into the aromaticity and paraffinicity of the oil, indicating its potential flow performance. However, traditional methodologies to analyze viscosity gravity constant (VGC) can often overlook the nuanced impact of crude oil composition-especially in instances where lighter fractions such as kerosene are present. These lighter components may alter the viscosity and, consequently, the flow characteristics of the crude oil, leading to inconsistencies in predictions based solely on viscosity gravity constant (VGC).

Thus, the understanding the complex interplay between the composition of crude oil, particularly its wax, paraffin, and aromatic content, and its flow properties is vital for optimizing transportation and processing. As the industry evolves and anticipates greater challenges, a deeper exploration of methodologies to accurately account for these variables will be imperative to enhance the efficiency of crude oil operations globally.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to establish a method for the classification of crude oil.

Another object of the present invention is to offer a cost-effective method for the classification of crude oil.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method for the classification of complex crude oil through a structured analysis and modification of its properties. The process begins with the collection and purification of crude oil samples, which involves the elimination of solid impurities and water. Following this, the samples are combined with different amounts of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) to change their physical attributes. The mixed crude oil samples are then quantitatively evaluated by determining the viscosity gravity constant (VGC), wax content (wc), and pour point (PP).

The categorization of crude oil is determined by its observable characteristics.
a high wax content and pour point alongside a lower VGC indicate paraffinic characteristics, while intermediate values suggest relatively paraffinic composition. The lower wax content and pour point accompanied by a higher viscosity gravity constant (VGC) indicate a naphthenic nature, whereas further reductions in wax content and pour point with increasing VGC point towards a relatively aromatic classification.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Crude oil, also known as petroleum, is a naturally occurring, unrefined liquid mixture of hydrocarbons found in rock formations. It is the primary raw material to produce various fuels and chemicals. The properties of crude oil can vary depending on its source, but here are some of its key characteristics:
Hydrocarbon Composition
Crude oil is primarily composed of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. These can be divided into:
• Alkanes (paraffins): Saturated hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethane, propane).
• Cycloalkanes (naphthenes): Saturated hydrocarbons arranged in ring structures (e.g., cyclohexane).
• Aromatic hydrocarbons: Contain one or more benzene rings (e.g., benzene, toluene).
• Asphaltenes: Large, complex molecules that contribute to the high viscosity of some crude oils.
• Resins: Sticky substances that can affect the oil's consistency.
Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, along with small amounts of other organic compounds, that occurs naturally in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. Its properties can vary widely depending on its origin, but some general Physical Properties are:
Appearance: Crude oil can vary in color from pale yellow to dark black depending on its composition and sulfur content. Lighter crude oils are often golden or amber, while heavier crudes are darker.
Viscosity: The thickness or resistance to flow of crude oil varies. Lighter crudes tend to be more fluid and less viscous, while heavier crudes are more viscous and tar-like. The viscosity is influenced by the proportion of large hydrocarbons and the temperature.
Density/Specific Gravity: Crude oil is generally less dense than water, with a specific gravity typically ranging from 0.8 to 1.0. Lighter crudes have a lower specific gravity, while heavier crudes have a higher specific gravity.
The present invention introduces an innovative method for establishing a relationship between viscosity gravity constant (VGC), wax content (wc), and pour point (PP) through the experimental blending of crude oils with pour point cutter in different ratios.
Pour point depressants are employed to enable the utilization of petroleum-based mineral oils in colder conditions. The pour point refers to the minimum temperature at which a fuel or oil remains pourable. At reduced temperatures, the formation of wax crystals can hinder the lubrication of mechanical systems. Effective pour point depressants can reduce the pour point of an oil additive by as much as 40°C.

Here the pour point depressant is Chemical Additives, used in the oil and gas industry to lower the pour point of oils, lubricants, or other petroleum-based fluids. The pour point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid will flow or pour. If the pour point is too high, it can cause the fluid to become too thick and sluggish, making it difficult to pump or use in machinery, especially in colder temperatures.

Importance of Pour Point depressants:
Cold Weather Performance: For lubricants and fuels used in colder climates, reducing the pour point is essential to ensure smooth operation of machinery, vehicles, and engines.
Preventing Wax Formation: In certain oils, waxes can form and cause blockages. Pour point depressants or cutters help to prevent this.
Improved Flow: Lowering the pour point improves the flow characteristics of the fluid, which is critical for pumpability and operational efficiency.

One of the feature of the present invention involves the application of "Super kerosene oil" as a pour point depressant, a term that is not widely acknowledged. This designation may pertain to a particular type or grade of kerosene that is promoted for its enhanced quality. Kerosene, a flammable hydrocarbon liquid, is frequently utilized as fuel for jet engines, heating systems, and lamps, in addition to various industrial uses.

Super kerosene oil typically refers to a higher-grade form of kerosene used for various purposes, including heating, lighting, and industrial applications. It can also be utilized in the manufacture of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides for pest control. This oil is assessed for its quality grade, as seen in commercial offerings.

One significant aspect of the present invention pertains to sectors engaged in oil extraction, refining, and transportation, where meticulous regulation of crude oil flow behavior is crucial for operational efficiency. By analyzing the relationship between Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO), wax content (wc), and pour point (PP), this approach allows the industry to more effectively address the challenges linked to the transportation of waxy crude oils, thereby enhancing both refining and transportation processes in accordance with the characteristics of the crude oil.

The present invention presents an analytical examination of the interrelationship among the Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC), Wax Content (WC), and Pour Point (PP) of various mixed Crude Oil (CO) samples. This study aims to elucidate the impact of variations in Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) on the characteristics and properties of crude oils, particularly concerning their paraffinic or aromatic nature. Furthermore, the invention investigates how the blending of crude oils with differing proportions of Superior Kerosene Oil influences these properties, with the changes being measurable through Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC), Wax Content (WC), and Pour Point (PP).

Relationship between Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC), Wax Content (WC)and Pour Point (PP):
Through experimental observations, it is established that the VGC is inversely proportional to WC and PP. This means that when VGC decreases, crude oil (CO) tends towards a more paraffinic nature, which is indicated by higher Wax Content (WC) and a higher Pour Point (PP). On the other hand, as Viscosity Gravity Constant (VCG) increases, the paraffinicity of the crude oil decreases, shifting its nature towards aromaticity which is characterized by lower WC and a lower PP.

Function Definition: Viscosity Gravity Constant (VCG) as a Function of (WC) and Pour Point (PP)
The results of this study demonstrate that Viscosity Gravity Constant (VCG) can be described as a function of WC and PP. The mathematical relationship can be expressed as:

VGC=f (WC, PP)

This relationship indicates that by knowing the WC and PP of a Crude oil sample, its Viscosity Gravity Constant (VCG) can be predicted, providing a useful tool for analysing and classifying different types of CO based on their flow behaviour and compositional characteristics.

6.1 Impact of SKO on Crude Oil Samples
In the present invention, crude oil samples were mixed with varying volumes of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO)to observe changes in their properties. The addition of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) reduces the overall WC and PP of the CO, while simultaneously increasing its VGC. This behaviour indicates a transition from paraffinic to aromatic characteristics as the volume of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) increases.
The Crude oil samples are classified into different categories based on their VGC values:
• Paraffinic: High WC and high PP, lower VGC.
• Relatively Paraffinic: Intermediate WC and PP, moderate VGC.
• Naphthenic: Lower WC, lower PP, higher VGC.
• Relatively Aromatic: Further reduction in WC and PP, higher VGC.
• Aromatic: Very low WC, very low PP, highest VGC.

Example
In a comprehensive experimental study, eight (8) distinct crude oil samples from the Upper Assam Basin in India are blended with varying volumes of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO). The resultant mixtures underwent systematic analysis to assess their pour point (PP), Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC), and wax content (WC). This investigation aims to elucidate the effects of SKO blending on the physical properties of crude oil, thereby offering critical insights for optimizing petroleum processing and transportation methodologies.
The table presented delineates the experimental results, encompassing Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC) values, pour point (PP), and wax content (WC). This systematic classification facilitates a deeper understanding of the distinctive characteristics and behaviors exhibited by crude oils (CO) under various experimental conditions, thereby underscoring its significance in practical applications.

Table-1: Experimental results from the study, showing the pour point (PP), Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC), and wax content (WC) of various Crude oil samples mixed with different volumes of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO).
Example Number Crude oil (CO)sample Crude oil (CO) + Volume of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) (mL) PP (°C) VGC Type of Crude oil (CO Based on VGC WC (wt%)
1


Crude oil-1

CO1 + 0 27 0.79 Paraffinic 22.784
CO1 + 5 24 0.81 Paraffinic 22.468
CO1 + 10 21 0.82 Relatively Paraffinic 21.092
CO1 + 15 12 0.87 Naphthenic 17.651
2


Crude oil-2

CO2 + 0 27 0.819 Paraffinic 22.771
CO2 + 5 24 0.86 Naphthenic 21.374
CO2 + 10 18 0.88 Naphthenic 21.208
CO2 + 15 15 0.89 Naphthenic 15.552
3


Crude oil-3

CO3 + 0 12 0.83 Relatively Paraffinic 17.226
CO3 + 5 9 0.92 Relatively Aromatic 14.842
CO3 + 10 -9 0.94 Relatively Aromatic 13.528
CO3 + 15 -12 0.96 Aromatic 11.126
4


Crude oil-4

CO4 + 0 18 0.81 Paraffinic 19.914
CO4 + 5 15 0.84 Relatively Paraffinic 18.842
CO4 + 10 12 0.86 Naphthenic 17.528
CO4 + 15 -9 0.88 Naphthenic 14.126
5


Crude oil-5

CO5 + 0 21 0.81 Paraffinic 20.276
CO5 + 5 15 0.82 Relatively Paraffinic 19.272
CO5 + 10 9 0.87 Naphthenic 17.546
CO5 + 15 -9 0.89 Naphthenic 15.042
6


Crude oil-6

CO6 + 0 30 0.81 Paraffinic 23.918
CO6 + 5 27 0.85 Naphthenic 21.372
CO6 + 10 21 0.86 Naphthenic 18.236
CO6 + 15 18 0.88 Naphthenic 17.662
7


Crude oil-7

CO7 + 0 33 0.8 Paraffinic 24.583
CO7 + 5 30 0.81 Paraffinic 23.322
CO7 + 10 27 0.84 Relatively Paraffinic 22.811
CO7 + 15 24 0.89 Naphthenic 19.564
8


Crude oil-8

CO8 + 0 24 0.818 Paraffinic 21.144
CO8 + 5 21 0.86 Naphthenic 20.731
CO8 + 10 9 0.89 Naphthenic 18.146
CO8 + 15 -9 0.92 Relatively Aromatic 15.444
The data presented in Table 1 reveal a notable correlation between the Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC), wax content (WC), and pour point (PP) of crude oil (CO) samples, allowing for a systematic categorization into paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic types. The results indicate that VGC is positively correlated with the aromaticity of the CO, while it exhibits a negative correlation with paraffinicity. This identified relationship facilitates the optimization of processing and transportation techniques that are aligned with the distinct characteristics of the CO, ultimately improving efficiency in industrial applications.
The experimental investigation of crude oil (CO) samples mixed with varying volumes of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) reveals significant alterations in their properties. Notably, the introduction of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) leads to a reduction in both the overall wax content (WC) and pour point (PP) of the crude oil (CO), concurrently enhancing its Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC). This observed behavior suggests a transition in chemical characteristics, shifting from predominantly paraffinic to more aromatic properties as the volume of Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO) is increased.
The present invention facilitates a systematic categorization of Crude oil into paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic types. The findings indicate that Viscosity Gravity Constant (VGC) is positively correlated with the aromaticity of Crude oil while showing an inverse relationship with its paraffinicity. Utilizing this functional relationship allows for the customization of processing and transportation methods according to the specific properties of the Crude oil, thereby enhancing performance in industrial applications.
, Claims:We Claim,
1. A process for classifying complex crude oil, comprising the following steps:
a) collecting a crude oil sample in a research area, and removing solid impurities and water in the crude oil sample;
b) blending crude oil sample of step, a) with a pour point depressant to alters its properties;
c) quantifying the properties changes using viscosity gravity constant (VGC), wax content (wc), and pour point (PP) of mixed crude oil (co) samples of step b),

wherein the high wax content (WC) and high pour point (pp), lower viscosity gravity constant (VGC) is paraffinic; intermediate wax content (wc) and pour point (pp), moderate lower viscosity gravity constant (VGC) is relatively paraffinic; lower wax content (WC), lower pour point (pp), higher VGC is naphthenic, and further reduction in wc and pp, higher viscosity gravity constant (VGC) is relatively aromatic, and very low wax content (wc), very low pour point (pp), highest viscosity gravity constant (VGC)is aromatic.

2. The process for classifying complex crude oil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pour point depressant is Super kerosene oil.

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