A NOVEL COMBINED PLANT EXTRACT FORMULATION AGAINST COLLETOTRICHUM SPP AND PROCESS THERE OFF

Abstract

ABSTRACT This invention presents a novel plant extract-based formulation aimed at combating Colletotrichum spp., the fungal pathogens responsible for anthracnose in various crops. The formulation combines extracts from Calotropis, Datura, Eucalyptus, and Polyalthia, each selected for their potent antifungal properties, resulting in a synergistic effect that enhances overall efficacy against fungal growth. A standardized extraction and formulation process ensures high activity and consistency, making it suitable for diverse agricultural environments. The formulation can be applied as a foliar spray or soil drench, providing a natural, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical fungicides. Field trials demonstrate significant reductions in disease severity and lesion size without adverse effects on crops, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices and integrated pest management strategies. This invention addresses the urgent need for safer and more effective disease control methods, contributing to increased crop yield and quality. Dated this …….Day of October, 2024 Dr. Monica Gulati Registrar Lovely Professional University

Specification

Description:The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner it
is to be performed.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The invention pertains to agricultural biotechnology, specifically the development of a plant extract-based formulation designed to combat fungal pathogens, particularly Colletotrichum spp., which cause anthracnose disease in crops. This formulation utilizes a synergistic blend of bioactive compounds from selected plants to inhibit fungal growth, offering an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides. The invention also includes a standardized process for extracting and combining these compounds, ensuring consistent efficacy for integrated pest management in diverse agricultural settings.
BACKGROUND
[002] The increasing prevalence of fungal pathogens, particularly Colletotrichum spp., has posed significant challenges to global agriculture, leading to substantial crop losses and economic impact. These pathogens are notorious for causing anthracnose disease, which affects various crops, including fruits and vegetables, resulting in reduced yield and quality. Traditional management strategies predominantly rely on chemical fungicides, which often have negative environmental effects and contribute to the development of resistant pathogen strains, necessitating the exploration of safer and more sustainable alternatives.
[003] CN110087460B, describe compositions based on a novel strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (RTI545), which enhances plant growth and controls various pests, including nematodes and fungi. While this strain shows promise, research gaps remain regarding its underlying mechanisms of action, synergistic effects with other agents, and its performance in diverse field conditions. This highlights the urgent need for complementary approaches in pest management that utilize different mechanisms of action.
[004] US20180020676A1, involves a new strain of Bacillus velezensis (RTI301) that promotes plant growth and provides protection against pathogens. The versatility of this strain allows for application in various agricultural contexts, yet it also presents gaps in understanding its specific interactions with different microbial and chemical agents, as well as its long-term effects on soil health and non-target organisms.
[005] Plant-derived bioactive compounds have gained attention as potential alternatives to synthetic fungicides due to their antifungal properties and environmental compatibility. These compounds can disrupt fungal cell walls, inhibit spore germination, and interfere with fungal life cycles, making them promising candidates for effective disease management. Research has demonstrated that combining multiple plant extracts can lead to enhanced antifungal activity, leveraging the synergistic effects of various compounds.
[006] The formulation process for creating effective plant extract-based solutions involves careful selection of plant materials, extraction of active compounds, and optimization of ratios to maximize efficacy. Many studies emphasize the importance of a standardized extraction process to ensure the consistent quality and potency of bioactive compounds. This is crucial for developing formulations that can reliably provide protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens.
[007] Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies emphasize the need for sustainable practices that minimize reliance on chemical inputs while maintaining agricultural productivity. The incorporation of plant extracts into IPM not only offers a natural means of pest control but also aligns with the principles of sustainable agriculture, promoting environmental health and reducing risks to human and animal health.
[008] Despite the potential of plant extract formulations, challenges remain in terms of scalability and commercial viability. The efficiency of extraction processes, stability of formulations, and ease of application are critical factors that must be addressed to ensure that these solutions can be effectively adopted by farmers. Research aimed at optimizing these aspects is essential for the successful implementation of plant extract-based pest management strategies.
[009] The invention presented herein addresses the need for an innovative combined plant extract formulation specifically designed to combat Colletotrichum spp., providing an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical fungicides. By leveraging the synergistic effects of selected plant extracts and establishing a standardized preparation process, this formulation aims to enhance disease control while supporting sustainable agricultural practices, contributing to a healthier ecosystem and improved crop resilience.
SUMMARY
[010] The invention presents a novel combined plant extract formulation designed to combat fungal pathogens, particularly Colletotrichum spp., responsible for anthracnose disease in various crops. This formulation harnesses the synergistic properties of multiple plant extracts, each selected for their potent antifungal activities, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical fungicides that pose environmental and health risks.
[011] The process of creating this formulation involves selecting specific plant materials known for their antifungal properties, extracting bioactive compounds using suitable solvents, and optimizing the ratios of these extracts to maximize efficacy. The resulting formulation can be applied as a foliar spray or soil drench, providing versatility in its application to crops at different growth stages.
[012] Field trials have demonstrated that the formulation significantly reduces the incidence and severity of anthracnose disease, showcasing its effectiveness without adverse effects on crops or the environment. This supports the formulation's role as a valuable tool in integrated pest management strategies, promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
[013] By focusing on plant-derived bioactive compounds, the invention addresses critical gaps in current agricultural practices, particularly the need for safer and more environmentally friendly pest control methods. This aligns with the growing demand for sustainable solutions in agriculture, fostering resilience against disease while maintaining productivity.
[014] This invention contributes to the advancement of agricultural biotechnology by offering an innovative, effective, and eco-friendly approach to managing fungal pathogens, thereby supporting the long-term viability of farming practices and enhancing food security.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[015] The foregoing detailed description of embodiments is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating of the present subject matter, an example of the construction of the present subject matter is provided as figures; however, the invention is not limited to the specific method disclosed in the document and the figures.
[016] The present subject matter is described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to various features of the present subject matter.
[017] Figure 1provides Radial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum sp. Causing Chilli anthracnose.
[018] Figure 2 provides Radial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum sp. Causing anthracnose of Banana
[019] The given figures depict an embodiment of the present disclosure for illustration and better understanding only.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[020] Some of the embodiments of this disclosure, illustrating all its features, will now be discussed in detail. The words "comprising," "having," "containing," and "including," and other forms thereof, are intended to be equivalent in meaning and be open-ended in that an item or items following any one of these words is not meant to be an exhaustive listing of such item or items or meant to be limited to only the listed item or items. It must also be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[021] The invention involves the development of a combined plant extract formulation specifically targeting Colletotrichum spp., known for causing anthracnose in various crops. The formulation leverages the antifungal properties of multiple plant extracts, each contributing unique bioactive compounds that disrupt fungal growth and reproduction, ultimately enhancing crop health and yield.
[022] The selection of plant materials is crucial for the formulation's success. Plants such as Calotropis, Datura, Eucalyptus, and Polyalthia have been chosen based on their established antifungal properties. Each plant offers distinct active compounds that work synergistically, increasing the overall effectiveness of the formulation against different strains of Colletotrichum spp.
[023] In one embodiment it is provided that, theextraction process begins with harvesting and drying the selected plant materials, followed by grinding them into a fine powder. Suitable solvents, such as ethanol or water, are then used to extract the active compounds under controlled conditions, including specific temperature and pH levels. This method ensures the extraction of potent antifungal agents while maintaining their stability.
[024] After extraction, the bioactive compounds are filtered and concentrated to create a highly potent antifungal solution. The formulation process involves meticulously combining these extracts in optimized ratios determined through rigorous testing. This ensures that the final product achieves maximum antifungal activity while maintaining stability and ease of application.
[025] In one embodiment it is provided, that the formulated product can be applied to crops as a foliar spray or soil drench, allowing for flexible use depending on the growth stage of the plants. This adaptability enhances its practicality for farmers, enabling them to integrate the formulation into their existing pest management strategies seamlessly.
[026] Field trials conducted with the formulation have demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. Results indicate a substantial decrease in fungal growth compared to untreated control groups, validating the formulation's effectiveness as a natural disease control method.
[027] In laboratory experiments, the percent radial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum spp. was measured using the poisoned food technique. Results showed that various concentrations of the combined extracts led to substantial inhibition of fungal growth, with optimal formulations achieving near-complete inhibition, showcasing the potential for effective disease management.
[028] The formulation has also shown a positive impact on crop health, with treated plants exhibiting enhanced vigor and resilience against disease. This is particularly important as it not only addresses the immediate problem of fungal infection but also contributes to the overall robustness of the plants, leading to better yield quality.
[029] Advantages of this formulation include its environmentally friendly nature, as it relies on natural plant extracts rather than synthetic chemicals. This reduces the risk of environmental contamination and health hazards associated with chemical fungicides, aligning with the growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices.
[030] In one embodiment it is provided, that the standardized process for extraction and formulation ensures consistent quality and efficacy across different batches of the product. This reliability is critical for farmers who require dependable solutions for pest management, allowing them to confidently implement the formulation in their agricultural practices.
[031] Discussions surrounding the invention emphasize the importance of integrating plant-based solutions into modern farming. The formulation not only provides an effective means of controlling Colletotrichum spp. but also supports broader integrated pest management strategies, fostering sustainability and reducing reliance on chemical inputs.
[032] This invention represents a significant advancement in agricultural biotechnology, offering a safe, effective, and sustainable alternative for managing fungal diseases in crops. By combining traditional knowledge of plant properties with modern extraction techniques, it paves the way for innovative solutions in the fight against agricultural pests, ultimately enhancing food security and environmental health.
[033] Referring to Figure 1, illustrates the percent radial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose in chilli plants, evaluated using a poisoned food technique with a combined plant extract formulation. The data presented showcases various treatments and their corresponding doses, revealing the effectiveness of the formulation at different concentrations. Specifically, the graph highlights the percentage of radial growth inhibition achieved with treatments containing extracts from Calotropis, Datura, Eucalyptus, and Polyalthia at doses of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1%. The results indicate significant inhibition of fungal growth, particularly at higher concentrations, with some treatments achieving near-complete inhibition. This visual representation emphasizes the formulation's potential as a powerful alternative to conventional fungicides, demonstrating its capability to effectively combat Colletotrichum spp. and mitigate the impact of anthracnose on chilli crops.
[034] Referring to Figure 2, depicts the radial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum spp. responsible for anthracnose in banana plants, utilizing the same poisoned food technique with the combined plant extract formulation. The data illustrates the lesion diameter measured at two intervals-7 days and 15 days-both before and after inoculation, showcasing the effects of various treatment concentrations. The results indicate that treatments with the combined plant extracts significantly reduce lesion size compared to the control group, with different doses yielding varying degrees of inhibition. Specifically, higher concentrations of the formulation consistently result in smaller lesion diameters, highlighting the formulation's effectiveness in controlling fungal growth over time. This visual evidence reinforces the formulation's potential to serve as a viable natural solution for managing anthracnose in banana crops, ultimately promoting healthier plants and reducing crop losses associated with this pathogen.
Dated this …….Day of October, 2024
Dr. Monica Gulati
Registrar
Lovely Professional University
, Claims:We claim:
1. A novel plant extract formulation for inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum spp., comprising:
A. a synergistic combination of extracts from Calotropis, Datura, Eucalyptus, and Polyalthia, each selected for its antifungal properties, wherein the extracts are combined in specific ratios to enhance overall efficacy against fungal pathogens;
B. wherein the formulation is suitable for application as a foliar spray or soil drench, providing versatility for use on crops at various growth stages;
C. wherein the concentration of each extract in the formulation is optimized based on rigorous testing to achieve maximum radial growth inhibition of Colletotrichum spp.;
D. wherein the formulation is free from synthetic chemical fungicides, promoting an environmentally friendly approach to pest management in agricultural practices.
2. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the concentration of Calotropis extract is between 0.25% and 1.0% by weight, and specifically optimized at 0.50% for enhanced antifungal activity.
3. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the concentration of Datura extract is between 0.25% and 1.0% by weight, with a preferred concentration of 0.75% to maximize growth inhibition of Colletotrichum spp.
4. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the concentration of Eucalyptus extract is between 0.25% and 1.0% by weight, particularly at 0.50% to ensure effective disruption of fungal cell walls.
5. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the concentration of Polyalthia extract is between 0.25% and 1.0% by weight, optimized at 0.75% for synergistic enhancement of antifungal properties.
6. The formulation of claim 1, further comprising additional stabilizers or emulsifiers to enhance formulation stability and shelf life, thereby ensuring efficacy over extended periods and varying environmental conditions.
7. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the application method includes a foliar spray technique that optimizes coverage on plant surfaces, allowing for improved penetration and absorption of the active compounds.
8. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation demonstrates a statistically significant reduction in lesion diameter on Colletotrichum spp.-infected plants compared to untreated controls, indicating its practical effectiveness in real-world agricultural settings.
Dated this …….Day of October, 2024

Dr. Monica Gulati
Registrar
Lovely Professional University

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