A non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush

Abstract

ABSTRACT TITLE: A NON-INVASIVE GLUCOSE MONITORING SYSTEM INTEGRATIVE TOOTHBRUSH A non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush is provided suitable for diabetes management comprising toothbrush head with open capillary like test channel facilitating non-invasive collection and sampling of saliva via capillary action, biosensor embedded within said toothbrush head for glucose estimation in saliva proportional to current flowing through transducer in operative connection, microcontroller in connection for processing and analyzing said estimated glucose data by said biosensor, display for displaying said estimated glucose data towards providing real time feedback to the user. Figure 1

Specification

Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides for a non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush suitable for diabetes management comprising toothbrush head with open capillary like test channel facilitating non-invasive collection and sampling of saliva via capillary action, biosensor embedded within said toothbrush head for glucose estimation in saliva proportional to current flowing through transducer in operative connection, microcontroller in connection for processing and analyzing said estimated glucose data by said biosensor, display for displaying said estimated glucose data towards providing real time feedback to the user.

BACKGROUND ART

Diabetes is indeed a significant health concern globally, and India has been labeled as the "Diabetes Capital" due to the high prevalence of the condition in the country. The statistics, 48.8% of the population annually falls victim to uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus, highlight the severity of the issue.
Regular monitoring, screening, and checkups are crucial for managing diabetes effectively and preventing complications. It is true that not all individuals with diabetes can consistently access or afford these healthcare services. There are several challenges that contribute to this situation, including limited healthcare infrastructure, awareness issues, and economic factors.
Creating awareness campaigns about the importance of regular monitoring and checkups for diabetes can help educate the public about the risks and consequences of uncontrolled diabetes. Efforts should be made to improve the accessibility of healthcare services, especially in rural and underserved areas, through mobile clinics, telemedicine, or community health programs.
It's important for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the community to work collaboratively to address the multifaceted challenges associated with diabetes in India and worldwide. Early detection, education, and effective management are key components in controlling the impact of diabetes on public health.

On this reference is invited to a literature publication in Sensors and Actuators Reports, Volume 5, June 2023, 100133 that teaches development of an amperometric biosensor on a toothbrush for glucose as a salivary glucose sensing platform that provides a convenient and non-invasive alternative detection approach for diabetic patients. Toothbrush is used every day, and it has an easy access to saliva biomarker and toothpaste residues where it was demonstrated for the first time an amperometric biosensor on a toothbrush, using glucose as a typical analyte. The carbon graphite ink and the Ag/AgCl ink are painted on a toothbrush as the sensing electrodes, followed by the enzyme immobilization. The sensor shows an excellent detection performance for glucose with a concentration ranging from 0.18 mM to 5.22 mM and a short detection time of less than 5 min. The sensor is promising for the non-invasive monitoring of salivary glucose levels in diabetic patients when they brush their teeth.

However, there is still a need in the art to provide for a system with in-built diabetes monitoring facility that can be ably integrated into daily activities like brushing of teeth with easily viewable results.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

The primary object of the invention is to integrate a diabetes monitoring system into a common daily-use item-an electrical toothbrush-to provide a convenient, non-invasive, and regular method for individuals to monitor their glucose levels. The advantages and anticipated benefits of this invention include:
Convenience: By embedding the monitoring system into a toothbrush, users can check their glucose levels effortlessly during their daily oral hygiene routine, encouraging consistent use.
Regular Monitoring: The integration into a daily routine ensures frequent monitoring, potentially leading to early detection of changes in glucose levels and better diabetes management.
User-Friendly Design: The device is designed to be simple and intuitive, with clear instructions and easy-to-read results, making it accessible to a wide demographic.
Non-Invasive Monitoring: Unlike traditional glucose monitoring methods that require blood samples, this device uses saliva, making it a painless alternative for users.
Real-Time Feedback: The device offers immediate results, enabling users to take prompt action if needed, thereby improving their health outcomes.
Increased Health Awareness: The invention promotes health consciousness among users by integrating a critical health monitoring function into a familiar daily task.

It is the object of the present invention to provide for a system with in-built diabetes monitoring facility for regular use including tooth brush that would be able to detect and monitor diabetes with easy view ability of monitored results.

It is another object of the present invention to provide for said system that would enable convenient and early detection of diabetes by allowing regular monitoring and easy view ability of such monitored results.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide for said system that would allow for proactive and facile health management.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Thus according to the basic aspect of the present invention there is provided a non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush suitable for diabetes management comprising
toothbrush head with open capillary like test channel facilitating non-invasive collection and sampling of saliva via capillary action,
biosensor embedded within said toothbrush head for glucose estimation in saliva proportional to current flowing through transducer in operative connection,
microcontroller in connection for processing and analyzing said estimated glucose data by said biosensor;
display for displaying said estimated glucose data towards providing real time feedback to the user.

Preferably said non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush is provided wherein said toothbrush head is fitted with a vibrator means having a drive shaft attached to a motor disposed just below the neck of the toothbrush head at proximal end of the handle to stimulate saliva production for assisting said capillary action.

More preferably said non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush is provided wherein said display is preferably an LCD display fitted onto handle of the brush covering major portion of it and disposed above microcontroller with an intervening battery embedded in the handle for displaying glucose levels and alerting in case of abnormal readings for immediate response.

According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush wherein said toothbrush is bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity enabled allowing estimated glucose data transmission to healthcare provider for remote monitoring,
said biosensor is integrative with sensors including optical sensors for additional monitoring and detection of biomarkers in saliva.

Preferably said non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush is provided wherein said biosensor is a conductivity sensors based on electrodes positioned across said test channels to measure current level of saliva and any change thereto corresponding to glucose analyte concentration.

According to another preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided said non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush wherein said glucose biosensor involves enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) coated on electrode surface that upon recognizing glucose triggers and catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide with the electrode surface connected to said tranducer picking up the electron flow as measurable amperometric signal proportionate to the glucose molecules present in saliva generating proportionate current giving estimation of glucose levels fater being processed by said microcontroller preferably of Arduino Uno type.

Preferably said non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush is provided wherein said glucose sensor comprises electrochemical diagnostic strips incorporating glucose oxidizing enzymes and three electrically conductive electrodes: two working electrodes for measurement and a reference electrode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
Fig. 1: Right View of the Tooth Brush Of Electronic Circuit;
Fig. 2: Left View of the Tooth Brush;
Fig. 3: Steps of Saliva Monitoring of the Brush;
Fig. 4: Block diagram of the monitoring system;
Fig. 5: Circuit Diagram of the Electronic Circuit Of the Brush;
Fig. 6: Flow diagram.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As discussed hereinbefore, the present invention provides for a system with in-built diabetes monitoring facility and display that has several potential benefits:
i. Convenience: The fact that individuals can measure their diabetes levels while performing a routine activity like brushing their teeth makes it convenient and seamlessly integrates health monitoring into their daily lives.
ii. Regular Monitoring: Since people tend to brush their teeth at least twice a day, this frequency of use provides an opportunity for regular and consistent monitoring of diabetes levels.
iii. Ease of Use: If the toothbrush is designed to be user-friendly, with a straightforward process for obtaining and interpreting diabetes measurements, it can appeal to a broad range of users.
iv. Early Detection: Regular monitoring can contribute to the early detection of changes in blood sugar levels, allowing individuals to take timely action in managing their health.
v. Proactive Health Management: By providing real-time results, our toothbrush can empower individuals to make immediate lifestyle adjustments or seek professional advice when needed, contributing to proactive health management.
However, it's crucial to ensure that the accuracy of the monitoring system is reliable and that the device meets safety and hygiene standards. Additionally, addressing user privacy concerns and making the technology affordable will contribute to the overall success and accessibility of the invention.
Integration of health monitoring into everyday items is a promising avenue for improving healthcare accessibility and encouraging proactive health habits. Toothbrush concept has the potential to make a positive impact on diabetes management, and an innovative approach in the field of health technology.

Incorporating technology into everyday items like a toothbrush to monitor diabetes is a creative approach. By involving a selectively integrated LCD display along with Arduino Uno, a current sensor, microcontroller, and battery in the handle of the toothbrush enables real time monitoring of blood glucose levels of a subject.

Embedding a diabetes monitoring system into a commonly used item like a toothbrush has several potential advantages:
i. Convenience: Having a monitoring device in a toothbrush, which is a daily-use item, makes it more convenient for individuals to regularly check their diabetes levels without requiring additional time or effort.
ii. Integration into Routine: People often forget or neglect regular diabetes monitoring. Integrating it into a routine activity like brushing teeth could help establish a habit of consistent monitoring.
iii. User-Friendly Design: If the device is designed to be user-friendly, with simple instructions and easy-to-read results on the LCD display, it could be accessible to a wide range of users.
iv. Real-Time Monitoring: The ability to see real-time diabetes results provides instant feedback, allowing individuals to make immediate adjustments to their lifestyle or seek medical attention if necessary.

Our invention has the potential to make a positive impact on diabetes management, especially if it can contribute to early detection and encourage proactive health management. It's always exciting to see innovation in healthcare technology, and Our toothbrush concept is a unique and creative approach to integrating monitoring into daily life.


A biosensor-equipped electrical toothbrush could be thus provided to monitor glucose levels in saliva. The device features a brush head with an open test channel for saliva collection, sensors for detecting glucose levels, and a microcontroller (Arduino Uno) for data processing and display. The collected data is analyzed and displayed on an LCD screen, providing real-time feedback. The toothbrush is equipped with various electronic components, including a current sensor (INA219), to ensure accurate glucose measurements. This innovative approach combines oral hygiene with health monitoring, offering a unique solution for diabetes management.
• Brush Head with Test Channel: The brush head is designed with an open test channel that facilitates the collection of saliva via capillary action. This channel is essential for the non-invasive sampling of saliva, which is necessary for glucose testing.
• Biosensor: The biosensor embedded within the toothbrush detects glucose levels in the collected saliva. The accuracy of the glucose measurement relies heavily on the performance of this sensor, making it a critical component.
• Microcontroller (Arduino Uno): The microcontroller processes the data received from the biosensor and controls the overall operation of the toothbrush, including data analysis and display. It is the core processing unit that ensures the device functions correctly.
• Current Sensor (INA219): This sensor measures the current flowing through the system, which is proportional to the glucose concentration in the saliva. It plays a key role in ensuring the accuracy of the glucose readings.
• LCD Display: The display unit provides real-time feedback to the user, showing glucose levels and alerting them to any abnormal readings. This feature is crucial for user interaction and immediate response.
• Vibration Mechanism: The vibrating brush head stimulates saliva production and assists in the capillary action necessary for saliva collection. This mechanism is essential for the device's functionality in a non-invasive manner.
Optional Features:

• Telemedicine Connectivity: The device could be enhanced with Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity, allowing it to transmit data to a healthcare provider for remote monitoring. This feature would be optional but could significantly enhance the device's utility for users who require regular monitoring by a healthcare professional.
• Multiple Sensor Types: While the current design uses a specific type of biosensor, other types of sensors (e.g., optical sensors) could be integrated for additional monitoring capabilities, such as detecting other biomarkers in saliva. This would expand the device's functionality beyond glucose monitoring.

EXAMPLES

A biosensor-equipped electrical toothbrush has been designed for easy and accurate diabetes measurement at home, integrating multiple electronic devices into the toothbrush, to develop a unique and pioneering product. Being the first of its kind in the market, this invention holds significant potential for improving health monitoring and management for individuals dealing with diabetes. The absence of such a toothbrush in the market highlights the novelty and originality of the invention. This innovative approach to combine oral hygiene with health monitoring for diabetes sets a new standard for personal health care devices.
Developing a product that combines dental care and health monitoring in one convenient device could revolutionize how individuals manage their health on a daily basis. This invention's potential to provide accessible and accurate diabetes measurement in the comfort of one's home could significantly impact healthcare accessibility and convenience for individuals with diabetes. Overall, this biosensor-equipped electrical toothbrush marks a pioneering step in merging oral hygiene and health monitoring, particularly for diabetes, and could potentially make a positive impact on the lives of many individuals.
The electrical toothbrush is equipped with a brush head featuring an open test channel embedded in its bottom surface, spanning its width. This channel, with upper and lower walls and side openings, is designed to facilitate capillary flow for saliva collection while allowing cleaning water to flush out saliva. Vibration of the brush head induces saliva production draws saliva into the channel when placed under the tongue in a mouth. Saliva displaces air or forces entrapped air into the vent groove.
The toothbrush employs sensor pairs that can be optical fiber sensors or color-responsive electrical conductivity sensors. Optical sensors, either transmittance or reflective types, measure saliva opacity or colorimetric response. In transmittance sensors, the light emitter and detector are positioned on opposite channel walls, while reflective sensors house the emitter and detector side-by-side on the lower wall. In the case of conductivity sensors, electrodes across the channel measure saliva's current level, indicating analyte concentration. Two sensor pairs, potentially of the same or different types, are strategically placed-one near the front opening for early detection and measurement of saliva and another near the base to detect full channel filling. It likely displays real-time information related to the saliva monitoring process, glucose concentration, or other relevant data and provides feedback or alerts to the user based on the analyzed results. The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller that acts as the brain of the system. It receives signals and data from various sensors and components and processes the information and executes programmed instructions. It controls the overall operation of the toothbrush, including data analysis and display. The Fig.2 represents the right view of the brush, also drawn using AutoCAD and features various components, such as a motor, brush head, and microprocessor. The microprocessor (often referring to the Arduino Uno in this context) serves as the central processing unit of the saliva-monitoring electrical toothbrush. The Fig.3 illustrates the steps of saliva monitoring and the filling up of the test channel in the brush head for diabetes monitoring. It provides a visual representation of different stages where saliva fulfils the test channel. In summary, these figures collectively depict the design and components of a toothbrush for diabetes monitoring, showcasing both the mechanical and electronic aspects of the device. The detailed steps in Figure 3 suggest a process related to saliva monitoring and the utilization of the test channel in the brush head. We mentioned a flow chart labelled as Fig.4 for the sequential process steps in the electrical diabetes-monitoring toothbrush, and you've requested an explanation, we will provide a generic explanation of what a flow chart typically represents. Please note that without the specific content of Fig.4, we can only offer a general understanding. A flow chart is a visual representation of a process, outlining the steps or actions involved in a sequential manner. Each step is usually represented by a shape (such as rectangles for processes, diamonds for decision points, and ovals for start/end points) with arrows indicating the flow of the process. In the context of an electrical diabetes-monitoring toothbrush, the flow chart might include steps related to the operation of the toothbrush, from data collection to analysis and display.

In my invention the design of a monitoring system, divided into two parts: hardware and software design. Initially, the focus is on the hardware design, describing various components in brief. The chosen board for this design is the Arduino UNO, serving as the central controller.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) defines diabetes mellitus as a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, affecting carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. Its effects involve long-term damage and dysfunction of various organs, often presenting symptoms like thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, and weight loss. A biosensor is a sensing device that incorporates biological or living material for its detection function. Typically, a biosensor consists of three core components: biological detection elements recognizing the substance of interest, a transducer converting the biorecognition event into a measurable signal, and a signal processing system converting this signal into a useful form. The fundamental operation of a glucose biosensor relies on the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD), which catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. The enzyme, serving as a biorecognition element, identifies glucose molecules, situated on an electrode surface acting as a transducer. Upon recognizing glucose, the enzyme triggers the conversion of glucose and oxygen into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. This process generates an electron flow, proportionate to the glucose molecules present in the blood. The glucose sensor comprises electrochemical diagnostic strips incorporating glucose oxidizing enzymes and three electrically conductive electrodes: two working electrodes for measurement and a reference electrode.
The INA219 is a high-side current shunt and power monitor featuring an I2C interface. It serves to monitor both the shunt drop and supply voltage, offering programmable conversion times and filtering capabilities. This device provides direct readouts in amperes, as well as calculating power in watts with the help of programmable calibration values and internal multipliers. It has I2C interface with 16 programmable addresses. Monitors of it shunt across buses ranging from 0V to 26V. It operates with a single +3V to +5.5V supply, drawing a maximum of 1mA Wide operating temperature range from -40°C to +125°C. In the implementation of the digital glucose meter, the INA219 current sensor is used. The circuit connection of the INA219 current sensing to Arduino for displaying blood glucose is detailed in Figure 4. This involves connecting Arduino's 5V to INA219 VCC, Arduino's GND to INA219 GND, Arduino's SDA (analog pin 4) to INA219 SDA, and Arduino's SCL (analog pin 5) to INA219 SCL. The INA219 operates by measuring the voltage difference between VIN+ and VIN- caused by the current passing from VIN+ through RS to VIN-. This voltage drop across RS is measured by the op-amp inside the INA219 chip, and the output voltage is generated based on this difference. This output is then amplified through the internal transistor, creating a voltage level at VOUT.
Additionally, the project utilizes an LMB162AFC liquid crystal display (LCD) module to output the blood glucose meter readings. The LCD module operates with 16 pins and can function in either 4-bit or 8-bit mode. For this project, the LCD is set to 4-bit mode, simplifying connections and utilizing the module efficiently.

In the implementation of the digital glucose meter, the INA219 current sensor is used. The circuit connection of the INA219 current sensing to Arduino for displaying blood glucose is detailed in Figure 5. Additionally, the project utilizes an LMB162AFC liquid crystal display (LCD) module to output the blood glucose meter readings. The LCD module operates with 16 pins and can function in either 4-bit or 8-bit mode. For this project, the LCD is set to 4-bit mode, simplifying connections and utilizing the module efficiently. The interfacing of the LCD module to the Arduino for displaying blood glucose involves connecting the RS pin of the LCD module to digital pin 12 of the Arduino, grounding the R/W pin, and connecting the Enable pin to digital pin 11 of the Arduino. The digital lines DB4 to DB7 of the LCD are linked to digital pins 5, 4, 3, and 2 of the Arduino for data transmission. Additionally, a 10K potentiometer adjusts the display contrast, while a 560ohm resistor (R1) limits the current through the backlight LED.
The software program of this digital blood glucose meter is listed below by "C" programming language. The "C" programming language is growing in importance and has become the standard language for real-time embedded applications. This part shows how to write the C program for using the INA216 current sensor Breakout Board; as current passes through the shunt resistor, a voltage is generated. Use an analog read and some math to determine the current and then converted to blood glucose value via lookup table which stored in Arduino memory. The current value and the concentration of glucose value in the blood are displayed through the LCD Module.

Unique features of the present advancement:

The uniqueness of this invention lies in its integration of a non-invasive glucose monitoring system into a commonly used item-a toothbrush. This approach is not only novel but also addresses the need for regular, convenient, and painless glucose monitoring, which is critical for effective diabetes management. The invention's ability to provide real-time feedback, its user-friendly design, and its potential for widespread adoption due to the familiarity and necessity of the toothbrush are all aspects that would not have been obvious to someone skilled in the art. These features contribute to the inventive step of the product and justify the pursuit of patent protection.
The uniqueness of this invention lies in its integration of a non-invasive glucose monitoring system into a commonly used item-a toothbrush. This approach is not only novel but also addresses the need for regular, convenient, and painless glucose monitoring, which is critical for effective diabetes management. The invention's ability to provide real-time feedback, its user-friendly design, and its potential for widespread adoption due to the familiarity and necessity of the toothbrush are all aspects that would not have been obvious to someone skilled in the art. These features contribute to the inventive step of the product and justify the pursuit of patent protection.

The toothbrush of the present invention with its built-in diabetes monitoring system, presents a more practical, affordable, and user-friendly solution compared to the first version. Here's why:

1. Enhanced Usability with Integrated Electronics:
- While the enzyme based biosensor may be known but to integrate with the toothbrush and LCD display makes it more user-friendly together with Arduino Uno, current sensor, and microcontroller fitted directly into the toothbrush handle. This allows users to see real-time glucose results without needing separate devices or complex setups, making it far more practical for daily use.

2. Affordable and Accessible Design:
- Affordability of the toothbrush is enhanced by utilizing widely available components such as Arduino and sensors, it keeps production costs low, ensuring that the technology remains within reach for a wide audience. Affordability is crucial for diabetes management tools, and this design prioritizes that aspect, making it more advantageous for larger populations, especially in low-income areas.

3. Convenient Daily Use and Habit Formation:
- This version of the toothbrush seamlessly integrates diabetes monitoring into a daily routine (brushing teeth), encouraging regular monitoring without extra effort. This promotes habit formation-users don't need to remember to perform a separate glucose test, as the toothbrush takes care of it while they brush. This is a huge benefit for individuals who might otherwise forget or neglect regular testing.

4. Immediate Feedback for Proactive Health Management:
- By offering real-time results on the LCD, users can instantly monitor their glucose levels and make immediate lifestyle adjustments based on the data. The real-time feedback feature allows individuals to be more proactive about their health, reducing the chances of health deterioration due to undetected blood sugar fluctuations. This is a significant upgrade compared to traditional testing methods, which often require separate devices and take more time.

5. More Advantageous for Early Detection and Prevention:
- The ability to monitor glucose levels daily, or even multiple times a day, increases the chances of early detection of abnormal blood sugar levels. This toothbrush can catch small changes in glucose levels early, potentially preventing severe health issues in the future. The early detection aspect makes it more advantageous than a traditional glucose monitor, which may not be used as frequently.
6. User-Friendly for a Broad Range of Users:
- This version of toothbrush focuses on making the toothbrush accessible to a broad audience, with simple instructions and easy-to-read results on the LCD screen. This makes it suitable for both tech-savvy users and those less familiar with technology, ensuring that more people can benefit from the device. The first description lacks this user-focused approach, making the second version far more inclusive.

7. Proactive Lifestyle and Health Management:
- This version of toothbrush offers users an opportunity to make immediate lifestyle changesbased on their real-time glucose data. This feature encourages proactive health management, where individuals can seek medical help or adjust their diet and medication as needed, right after brushing their teeth. This everyday engagement with their health makes the second version a more powerful tool for **ongoing diabetes management.

8. Ensuring Privacy, Safety, and Hygiene:
- This version of toothbrush takes a more holistic approach by addressing the importance of user privacy, ensuring safety standards, and maintaining hygiene. These factors are essential for gaining user trust and promoting widespread adoption of the product.

9. Innovative Design for Broader Health Applications:
- This version of toothbrush hints at the possibility of using the toothbrush not only for diabetes monitoring but also for other health-related applications. Its modular and electronic design could be adapted to measure other biomarkers, making it a versatile tool for broader healthcare monitoring. This adds to the device's long-term value and potential impact in the healthcare sector.
10. Cost-Effective for Large-Scale Production:
- By incorporating low-cost components like Arduino and sensors, the second version is better suited for large-scale production, making it affordable to mass-produce. This affordability ensures that the technology can be distributed to a broader audience, especially in developing countries where access to medical devices is often limited. The focus on keeping costs low while maintaining functionality gives the second version a clear advantage.

This version of toothbrush with an inbuilt diabetes monitoring system is more advantageous due to its affordability, usability, and focus on real-time, proactive health management. It offers a practical solution for regular glucose monitoring, making it convenient for daily use, accessible to a wide range of users, and ensuring privacy and hygiene. These features make it a better option for improving diabetes management and potentially expanding into other healthcare applications.
, Claims:We Claim:

1. A non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush suitable for diabetes management comprising
toothbrush head with open capillary like test channel facilitating non-invasive collection and sampling of saliva via capillary action,
biosensor embedded within said toothbrush head for glucose estimation in saliva proportional to current flowing through transducer in operative connection,
microcontroller in connection for processing and analyzing said estimated glucose data by said biosensor;
display for displaying said estimated glucose data towards providing real time feedback to the user.

2. The non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush as claimed in claim 1 wherein said toothbrush head is fitted with a vibrator means having a drive shaft attached to a motor disposed just below the neck of the toothbrush head at proximal end of the handle to stimulate saliva production for assisting said capillary action.

3. The non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush as claimed in claims 1 or 2 wherein said display is preferably an LCD display fitted onto handle of the brush covering major portion of it and disposed above microcontroller with an intervening battery embedded in the handle for displaying glucose levels and alerting in case of abnormal readings for immediate response.

4. The non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush as claimed in claims 1-3 wherein
said toothbrush is bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity enabled allowing estimated glucose data transmission to healthcare provider for remote monitoring,
said biosensor is integrative with sensors including optical sensors for additional monitoring and detection of biomarkers in saliva.

5. The non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush as claimed in claims 1-4 wherein said biosensor is a conductivity sensors based on electrodes positioned across said test channels to measure current level of saliva and any change thereto corresponding to glucose analyte concentration.

6. The non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush as claimed in claims 1-5 wherein said glucose biosensor involves enzyme glucose oxidase (GOD) coated on electrode surface that upon recognizing glucose triggers and catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide with the electrode surface connected to said tranducer picking up the electron flow as measurable amperometric signal proportionate to the glucose molecules present in saliva generating proportionate current giving estimation of glucose levels fater being processed by said microcontroller preferably of Arduino Uno type.

7. The non-invasive glucose monitoring system integrative toothbrush as claimed in claims 1-6 wherein said glucose sensor comprises electrochemical diagnostic strips incorporating glucose oxidizing enzymes and three electrically conductive electrodes: two working electrodes for measurement and a reference electrode.




Dated this the 22nd day of November, 2024 Anjan Sen
Applicants Agent & Advocate
IN/PA-199

Documents