A FOREST FIRE CONTROLLER SYSTEM

Abstract

ABSTRACT A FOREST FIRE CONTROLLER SYSTEM The present invention discloses a forest fire control system which is used to detect the forest fire in the early stage. This device will detect the temperature at a particular location in deep forest. The data will be transmitted to the control room. The collected data is analyzed with the previous data. If the temperature in the forest reaches the average high temperature, then that particular region will be notified in the control room. By analyzing the wildlife activities and direction of wind immediate action is taken to decrease the temperature in that region. For energy supply we are using mobile solar panel. The extra energy generated from the solar panels is stored in the battery. The enclosure is constructed with high security pin and camera. Also, it can able to identify the exact location for immediate action. The present invention will reduce the manual effort and requires less maintenance. Fig 1

Specification

Description:FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10; rule 13)

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A FOREST FIRE CONTROLLER SYSTEM


APPLICANT
K.RAMAKRISHNAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
NH-45, Samayapuram,
Trichy, Tamilnadu, India- 621112


The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.
A FOREST FIRE CONTROLLER SYSTEM
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention is related to the solution to the control of forest fire. Our project is mainly designed to provide the advanced techniques for the early detection of forest fire and its management. Our invention is mainly designed not only for the purpose of early recognition of forest fire but also it has an added benefit of preventing it.
BACKGROUND
Forest is the major ecosystem that covers one-third of our earth's land area. They play a vital role in protecting our planet health. Forest contains of trees, vegetation, wildlife, and soil and water bodies. The trees are the primary component of the forest and it provides habitat to many organisms and animals.
The forest includes shrubs, young trees and herbaceous plants. The forest floor is a layer that is most essential for the nutrient cycle and it composes of leaf litter, organic matters, small plants and fungi. The forest soil plays a vital role for the carbon storage and plant growth they are rich in organic matters and micro-organisms.
The forest is the home to animals, plants, insects, birds, reptiles, mammals, amphibians. Forest plays a vital role in absorbing the carbon dioxide and releasing the oxygen. The weather condition such as dry weather and drought causes the forest fire.
Forest fire is also called as wildfire which is an uncontrolled fire that spreads over the forest, grasslands and throughout the vegetation. These forest fires can be caused by both natural factors and also by human activities. Some of the natural causes lighting and volcanic activities. When lightning strike it leads to the ignition of dry vegetation. When the lava flows and hot ash from the volcanoes it starts to burn the nearby forest.
Cigarette after using thrown on the ground can easily set a fire in dry land areas. Improperly extinguished campfires can spread a cause ignition in surrounding vegetation these are some of the human activities which causes forest fire. However, the major reason for forest fire is because of the low humidity level that is dryness and high atmospheric pressure. Forest fire can have wide range of consequences. It impacts environment, loss of resource, health issues, weather and climate. Lack of detection and response system lead to risk and widespread devastation.
Forest fire causes the destruction of trees hence the export of timber gets affected .the expensive trees like teak, sandal wood, mahogany, and agar wood are destroyed during the forest fire. The birds that live in the trees will lose their life because of this. Since very old and bid trees are destroyed it will take more years to grow a new tree. Loss of trees leads to the reduction in rainfall. The removal of trees leads to the soil erosion and leads to landslide. Hence the fertility of the soil gets reduced and changes in the nutrient cycle occur. The clearance of forest affects the vegetation and rare medicinal plants.
Due to the burning of trees hazardous air pollutants like carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compound and methane are released. This creates the great impact in climate of our earth. The tribal people and the people who lived in the nearby villages also affected by this activities and losses their habitats. The smoke released due to burning of woods causes breathing trouble and health issues to the people who live nearer.
Our nation's greatest forest resources gets devastated .many families and communities near the forest gets suffer for the food , fodder, shelter, and fuel . Their economy gets totally affected .the forest fire brings changes in the climate and carbon chain. due to the destruction of forests and habitat loss the animals try to escape and enters into the nearby villages and injures the village people.
Lack offire fighting system in the forest it leads to the adequate amount of destruction in forest. Fire fighters could not find the exact location of fire which increases the loss of wild animals. And the safety measures for the fire-fighters are very less. They may get injured during recovery of forest and their resources. Many economical resources are found near the forest. It may leads to destruction due to the forest fire.
Hence urgent action is needed to develop a solution for early detection and protection of biodiversity; if not the valuable resource will escalate rapidly. The present invention will overcome the issue of spread over of forest fire in effective manner.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The primary object of the present invention is to spot the forest fire at an early stage and prevent spreading of it. Another object of the present invention is to protect the biodiversity. Another object of the present invention is to prevent the degrade of air quality.
Another object of present invention is to protect the timber resources and medicinal plants.
Yet another object of present invention is to protect the lives of tribal people.
Yet another object of the present invention is to prevent the animals from the forest fire and saves their biodiversity.
Yet another object of the present invention is that to collect data and to monitor and send the data simultaneously.
Another objective is to reduce the manual observation to compensate the delay responses and to give the immediate responses.
BREIF DISCRIPTION
The forest fire detection circuit mainly consists of network called wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor helps in collection of real time data and its analysis. It consists of various sensors which help to prevent the forest from forest fire. The sensors include temperature sensor, smoke, humidity, animal detectors, camera. It monitors the movements of wildlife. It is placed at covers certain areas of forest.
Camera helps in the detection of movement of animals across the forest and their movements. Wireless network has camera facilities that help in capturing the images and video of the wild life animals and birds, so that we can able to rescue them as soon as possible.
Simultaneous monitoring of the temperature, humidity, and soil gives the idea for climate changes in the forest for a period of time. It has the data collection system which collects and transmits data for future events which helps in the prevention of forest from fire. It works efficiently for many years using batteries or by using some renewable resources like solar panels. It is capable of monitoring large area of forest and remote regions by using more sensor nodes. It enables quickly during emergency situation of forest fire. It is also cost efficient.
For battery source here we use mobile solar units. They have the compact design. It uses sunlight and reduces the use of fossil fuels which lowers the carbon emissions. It can be transported easily and the cost of operation and installation is very low and can be used of variety of applications. Moreover the setup of this installation is very easy and it accesses without any technical experts.
SUMMARY
The various embodiment of the present invention discloses forest fire detector. The model consists of various circuits one among them is protection circuit. It is mainly designed to give protection to the box which comprises of various elements that senses the forest fire. This includes water and fire resistance to the box. Water resistance is provided in order to prevent formation of rust. It also covered with the security password so that no one can access and misuse it. If in case anyone tries to access, the security alarm will send a notification to the control room
Next, we have detection circuits. It plays a major role in spotting the forest fire at early stage. It has various sensors such as animal sensor, temperature sensor, and breeze detector. Temperature detector is used to monitor the temperature of the forest. If it rises to the abnormal level, it will notify at an early stage. Animal sensors are used to provide information about the location of wild lives. By using breeze detector, the wind conditions are analyzed and hence it is easy to predict the spread over of fire at early stage.
The forest fire control system contains the enclosure in which the wirelessly sensor network is placed. In this wireless sensor network the sensors are placed which is used for detecting the temperature, humidity and wind direction. This senses the real time data and then it sends the data which is compared with the previous temperature data . If the obtained data reaches the average level of temperature then the prevention action is taken. The wireless sensor network has various sensors. This wireless sensor network provides the exact location of the region where the forest fire occurs and then it provides the best route for taking the immediate action to rescue the place and the wildlife present there.
For the communication purpose the LoRa gateway is used. This sends the data through an antenna. A mobile solar panel is used for energy source. The sunlight is provided as the input for the mobile solar panel. It can be used in remote areas where it can be easily accessible.
The extra energy generated in the mobile solar panel is stored in the battery and is used for future use and during night time and rainy days.
The system also contains a display which contains the security password for the protection purpose. The security password can be entered using key buttons which are placed near the display. This protection is given in order to make the circuit safe in the forest from people who are living there also from the wildlife. For the communication purpose the system contains LoRa gateway and it sends the data through an antenna.
A security camera is placed at the top of the display where this camera is used for the security purpose and also to identify the exact location of the place where a fire accident takes place. This camera is used to identify the wildlife in the forest so that we can rescue the wildlife in the region where forest fire takes place as soon as possible. Hence for taking immediate action and the protection of wildlife and birds and also to protect the medicinal plants in the forest we are using cameras here.
A belt is provided for the purpose of placing this forest fire control system box in the tree. This belt is tied in the tree where the belt is attached with the circuit box. It is placed at a level where no wildlife can attack it.
The main aim of the forest fire controller is to prevent the forest fire by early detection. It sends immediate alerts and updates to the control rooms and fire fighters. It also reduces the cost of fire fighting operations and manual efforts during forest fire. Hence for the purpose of detecting and preventing the forest fire our invention is made.
BREIF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
The various embodiment of the present invention discloses a forest fire control system with detection and prevention circuits for reducing the manual effort and frequent maintenance.
The forest fire control system contains:
(1) Solar panel
(2) Enclosure
(3) Display
(4) Key button
(5) Antenna for WSN
(6) Antenna for communication
(7) Belt
(8) Camera
(1) A solar panel and this solar panel are used for the energy source purpose. The energy source for the working of the forest fire control system is obtained from a solar panel called a mobile solar panel. The input of the mobile solar panel is that sunlight plays as the primary energy input and then we receive the electrical power for the purpose of making the forest fire control system to detect and sense in case of emergency. The extra energy generated from the mobile solar panel will be stored and used during night time and even on rainy days. The mobile solar panel also includes a battery in which the extra energy generated and it can be used for future use. This mobile solar panel is specially used because it can be used in remote areas and accessed well in all regions of the forest.
The next part of the forest fire control system is that the enclosure which is the whole component which contains the wireless sensor network and the mobile solar panel and all the requirements for the system is enclosed within it. Hence the wireless sensor network is used for detection purpose in which sensors are placed which is able to detect and sense the temperature, humidity, wind direction and some of the parameters and then it compares this real time data with the previously analysed data. The wireless sensor network also provides the exact location of the place where fire occurs and it also provides the best route for the immediate action to control the forest fire. And the mobile solar panel as mentioned earlier it is used as the energy source and the extra energy generated will be stored in the battery. This wireless sensor network and the mobile solar panel are present within the enclosure.
(2) The next part in the forest fire control system is that the display the display is a lock screen which is mainly designed for the purpose of security. It requires a password for the opening of the enclosure box. Since it is present in the forest, the control system box can be stolen hence we are in the need to protect it. So we use a security password to open the box. Also a camera will be present at the top of the box for security purposes.
(3) The next part in the forest fire control system is that key button where the key button has the buttons for entering the security code. The security password can be entered using these buttons which are placed near the display.
(4) The next part in the forest fire control system is the antenna for WSN which is used for the purpose of receiving and detecting the temperature rate. The main purpose of the wireless sensor network is that it contains the sensor network where many sensors are placed in it which helps in detecting the temperature humidity and the wind direction and some parameters. This antenna will help to send the data which is observed in the enclosure box.
(5) The next part in the forest fire control system is the antenna for the communicator this antenna is used for sending the data and for communicating the information analysed from the atmosphere temperature. This sends the information and then it compares it with the previous temperature data.
(6) The next part in the forest fire control system is that the belt which is used to tie the control system in the tree for the purpose of placing it. It is tied up in trees at a level of height so that animals cannot make damage in it.
(7) The next part in the forest fire control system is the camera which is placed above the display. This camera is used for security purposes and also in case of emergency when the forest fire takes place, through the camera we are able to detect the place to be rescued at the priority. It is able to provide information about where the wildlife is present at majority so that we are able to protect them at the earliest.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The forest fire controller is a device which is used to detect the forest fire in the early stage. The forest fire impacts environment, loss of resource, health issues, weather and climate. Forest fire causes the destruction of trees hence the export of timber gets affected. The expensive trees like teak, sandal wood, mahogany, and agar wood are destroyed during the forest fire. The birds that live in the trees will lose their life because of this. Since very old and big trees are destroyed it will take more years to grow a new tree. Loss of trees leads to the reduction in rainfall. The removal of trees leads to the soil erosion and leads to landslide. Hence the fertility of the soil gets reduced and changes in the nutrient cycle occur.
This device is designed and developed to identify the exact temperature at the deep forest. Using this data, we can able to control the forest fire before it gets started. The temperature is detected with its exact temperature, this helps to reach the exact location. Here we are using mobile solar panel to generate energy source. The extra energy that are generated from the solar panels are stored in the battery and it can be used as the source of energy during night time, cloudy days etc., we can able to adjust the position of the solar panel according to the sun rays.
Highly efficient battery is used to store the solar energy source. Here mobile solar units. These are portable energy systems and they are mainly helpful in generating electricity in the location where it is kept. They are majorly designed to offer energy in remote areas and for the temporary installations outdoors. These mobile solar units are eco friendly and to access electricity in remote areas.
They reduce the negative impact on the environment. The major components of the mobile solar units are the solar panels, batteries which are rechargeable, and the inverters for the purpose of DC to AC conversion, and a charge controller, moving features to easy handle and transport.
The forest fire detection circuit mainly consists of network called wireless sensor network. For the purpose of operation of this circuit we go for wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor helps in collection of real time data and it's analysis.
The major operation that can be done with the help of this wireless network are Monitoring the temperature, humidity and it also helps in monitoring the moisture content in the soil and the soil temperature. It also measure the nutrient and ph level of the soil. This wireless sensor network also have the sensors that helps in the detection of forest fire.
The wireless network has temperature and smoke detectors which detects temperature rise and gives notifications to the control room to prevent the forest from fire. It regularly monitors the temperature and gives visual representation to the control room.
If there is any temperature rise in the particular region then it sent notification. Wireless network is programmed to send the message to the respective authorities through email or any other alarms. It always collects the data and stores them for futuristic analysis. A display is always indicated in the control room about the temperature rise and it is compared with the previous data. All the data from the fire is analyzed and it is used in prevention strategies.
When the fire detected in the forest it sends alerts to the control room via emails, or any other specialized alarms. In case of large fire it also alerts nearby people. It also communicates the fire fighters and gives the exact location of fire spreading areas. It measures the level of risk and notifies the people.
This prevention can also able to detect the direction of wind, speed of wind, and the moisture content in the wind, light intensity monitoring, temperature and smoke sensing, heat mapping by using this device, we can able to get the exact temperature at a particular location in the deep forest. We can also able to monitor the activities of wildlife present in the particular region, real time alerts, climate change impact, camera monitoring, real time data logging, big data analysis, remote data analysis.
It identifies the exact location where we should need to control the temperature. And also, it will provide the best route to reach the exact location as soon as possible. The enclosure is constructed with fire resistance material, and all the sensors are placed inside the enclosure. This device is installed in several areas in the forest so that the exact location and the temperature in that region can be detected. The data collected from this device is continuously monitoring in the control room and the actions we taken immediately during emergency time.
It also helps in the detection of animals across the forest and their movements. Wireless network has camera facilities that help in capturing the images and video of the wild life animals and birds, so that we can able to rescue them as soon as possible. This has the sensor which measures the temperature, water availability, and humidity of the habitat in which the wild life survives.
This network monitors many ecological aspects such as temperature, soil composition, moisture level, and light penetration for detailed study of the species. Simultaneous monitoring of the temperature, humidity, and soil gives the idea for climate changes in the forest for a period of time. It has the data collection system which collects and transmits data for future events which helps in the prevention of forest from fire.
An antenna is provided in the forest fire controller to enable the wireless commucation between the detection system and the control room. It allows fast responses and better coordination among the fire fighters. It transfers all the analyzed data including temperature, humidity, smoke and animals. This antenna is also works in the deep forest to support fire control in remote areas.
It consists of key button, by using this button we can change the mode of the devices like manual or automated, on/off power controls buttons. It also provided with the security pin in case of any unwanted activities done by people. It also notifies the control room to rectify the issue. It also addresses the maintenance, battery life.
The Components which are used in the Mobile solar panel are Battery, Wireless network node, LoRa gateway, Communication module.
Mobile solar panel plays an important role in forest fire controller. These solar panels are used as powering equipment's for sensors, commutating device like antenna and nodes, cameras which performs monitoring and analyzing the forest.
Wireless sensor network is used to records and monitor the environmental conservation. It is mainly used to detect the forest fire and further ecological research. The Components of wireless sensor networks are Sensor nodes, Sinknodes, Communicationsystem, Powersupply, Data processing unit. The Sensor nodes consist of temperature, humidity, and pressure sensors with power sources for wireless communications. In large forests, these nodes are placed on different locations for the collection of data.
The Sink nodes gather data from sensor nodes. It connected to external systems for analysis. It acts as the bridge between sensor network and the control system. The Communication system uses wireless communication to transmit data and alarm at emergency situations. The Power supply is given in which these nodes are charged by using solar panels which is very efficient fir long time. And it can be available easily.
The Data processing unit here used is microcontroller which is responsible for gathering data from sensor and process before transmitting the data. The working of the wireless sensor networks is done by the way it senses the data and then it transmits the data which the data is then processed and then it is stored and analyzed.
For the data sensing we use sensor nodes. These nodes simultaneously monitor the temperature, humidity, and some other parameters. The sensed data is then transmitted wirelessly. The sink node gets the collected data and separates the data from the sensor node. Before sending the collected information to the main server it performs some data processing works.
Then the data is stored and analysed with the previous data. Here we use loRa as the communication protocol. LoRa which means long range. As the name indicates it is specially designed for long range communication. It consumes very less power. As it us used for long range it can be used in deep forest for communication. It ranges between 10 to 15 km and it can use with the help of batteries for long years.
It detects the unusual changes in the environment and also the seasonal changes in the forest. It is equipped with cameras, microphone to detect activity of the Wild life animals. It detects the smoke and temperature rise and alerts the server when it is detected. Moreover, this network works with minimum human interfere once they installed.
A method of operation of forest fire controller comprising: the device simultaneously monitoring the forest area which detects smoke, heat or any other unusual activities that may signify a fire. The sensors which are placed in the wireless sensor collects data like temperature, humidity, smoke, air pressure. The nodes transfer data and it give updated data to the control room. It collects immediate data and monitors if fire detected it notifies via emails, alarms etc. The data analyzed is compared with previous fire data if it matches it gives the control room. It also captures pictures of animal moments andprevents the animals from the risk of fire. If the risk of the fire increases it also issue warnings to the nearby environmental peoples. It communicates with control room with the help of antennas. It prevents the forest from fire and avoids the loss of biodiversity. The manual operating cost during fire becomes less due to early detection.
, Claims:CLAIM
We claim,
1. A system for controlling forest fire, comprising:
a resistance box which gives protection to the sensors used for the detection;
a solar panel is used for the energy source in which the direction of the solar panel can be adjusted and system provides the real-time data including temperature, wind speed, and humidity; and,
a system is used to detect and monitor environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, wind, pressure, sound and vibration: a data transfer process is done in all regions of the forest even in deep forest: a system with efficient heat resistance, a system with efficient fire resistance, a system with efficient water resistance, a system which collects multiple data together, a system which can able to attach anywhere in the forest.
2. The system used for controlling of forest fire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mobile solar is used for the energy source in this mobile solar panel the extra energy that are generated from the solar panels are stored in the battery and it can be used as the source of energy during night time, cloudy days etc.
3. The system used for controlling of forest fire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wireless sensor network were used to monitor the activities of wildlife present in the particular region, real time alerts, climate change impact, camera monitoring, real time data logging, big data analysis, remote data analysis.
4. The system used for controlling of forest fire as claimed in claim ,1 wherein the data is transferred from the wireless network through LoRa gateway in deep forest.
5. The system used for controlling of forest fire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device also able to detect the direction of wind, speed of wind, and the moisture content in the wind, light intensity monitoring, temperature and smoke sensing, heat mapping by using this device, also to get the exact temperature at a particular location in the deep forest.

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